Early first episode of pouchitis after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for pediatric ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for development of chronic pouchitis

BackgroundThe predictive factors for chronic pouchitis after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) in pediatric-onset ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. This study evaluated the predictive factors for chronic pouchitis after IPAA in patients with pediatric UC.MethodsThe data from 52 patients with pediatric-onset UC who underwent IPAA in Mie University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The endoscopy surveillance was performed yearly or at the timing of the symptom. Chronic pouchitis was defined as antibiotic-dependent/-refractory and relapsing cases. Potential predictors of chronic pouchitis were analyzed.ResultsDuring the first 5 years after IPAA, pouchitis was identified in 32.7%. Of these patients, 12 (70.6%) developed chronic pouchitis. The predictor of chronic pouchitis was a preoperative history of immunomodulator use before IPAA (p = 0.04). Life table analysis revealed that patients with chronic pouchitis tended to develop pouchitis earlier after IPAA than did patients without chronic pouchitis (p = 0.012). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the occurrence of pouchitis within 15 months after IPAA surgery predicted the development of chronic pouchitis (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 80%).ConclusionIn pediatric patients with UC, the predictive factors for chronic pouchitis are immunomodulator use and early occurrence of the first episode of pouchitis within 15 months after IPAA.Level of evidenceIII     

Restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis after liver transplant for primary sclerosing cholangitis: case report and review of literature

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is present in 5 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Conversely, as many as 90 per cent of patients with PSC have been found to have UC. The accepted treatment for advanced PSC is orthotopic liver transplant, and the treatment of ulcerative colitis with concomitant PSC is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). A small number of studies have shown that there is an increased risk of pouchitis in UC patients with PSC after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. We report a case of a 45-year-old male who underwent a two-stage restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA after previous orthotopic liver transplant for PSC. We have reviewed the available literature concerning restorative proctocolectomy after liver transplantation, giving special attention to postoperative complications and subsequent development of pouchitis. It is important to be aware of the possibility of increased risk for development of pouchitis and to follow these patients closely to prevent complications.     

Postoperative joint symptoms: a risk factor for pouchitis in ulcerative colitis patients

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and significance of joint symptoms appearing in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) following a colectomy are unclear. AIM: We investigated the relationship between joint symptoms during steroid tapering following an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and the cumulative risk for developing pouchitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 571 patients who underwent an IPAA with a mucosectomy were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate their joint symptoms. A diagnosis of pouchitis was obtained using the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) and the cumulative risk of pouchitis was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier life table analysis. RESULTS: Joint symptoms during steroid tapering were reported by 126 (22.0%) of the UC patients and each of those had involvement of the small joints of the hand. The main symptoms were pain and stiffness, especially in the morning. The cumulative risk for developing pouchitis after 10 years was found to be 20% in patients who experienced joint symptoms during steroid tapering and 10% in those without those symptoms (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The presence of joint symptoms during steroid tapering is a significant risk factor for the development of pouchitis in patients who have undergone an IPAA for UC.     

储袋炎及回肠肛管储袋功能障碍的诊断与治疗

对于经内科治疗无效或出现不典型增生的溃疡性结肠炎以及家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者．回肠储袋肛管吻合（IPAA）的重建性结直肠切除术已成为外科治疗的首选。但溃疡性结肠炎患者IPAA术后除了一般手术并发症外,还容易出现一系列炎性或非炎性并发症,如储袋炎、储袋克罗恩病、直肠残端封套炎或储袋易激综合征,从而影响患者的手术效果及生活质量。储袋炎是溃疡性结肠炎患者IPAA术后最常见的远期并发症．累计患病率可达50％。储袋镜是储袋功能障碍诊断及鉴别诊断的重要手段。储袋炎可根据病因分为“特发性”与“继发性”．其治疗也不尽相同。抗生素治疗是急性储袋炎的主要治疗方法．一些抗生素依赖的患者则需要长期的维持治疗。对抗生素耐药及依赖的储袋炎的处理是比较棘手的．另外．引起继发性储袋炎的病因亦需尽量发现并进行纠正。     

Elevated platelet count before ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis is associated with the development of chronic pouchitis

Acute pouchitis (AP) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is common and easily treated. However, chronic pouchitis (CP) remains a difficult management problem and may represent a form of Crohn disease (CD) of the ileal pouch. Because CD patients have higher platelet counts than ulcerative colotis (UC) patients, we prospectively evaluated the association between preoperative platelet count and pouchitis development in 159 patients undergoing IPAA. Reactive thrombocytosis (RT) was defined as a platelet count > 450 x 10(9)/L. Median preoperative platelet count was 312 x 10(9)/L (range, 103 x 10(9)/L to 886 x 10(9)/L). One hundred twenty-five patients (79%) had a normal (150 x 10(9)/L to 450 x 10(9)/L) platelet count (-RT patient group). Twenty-eight patients (18%) had RT. Six patients (3%) had a platelet count below 150 x 10(9)/L. After a median follow-up of 13 months, 45 patients (28%) developed pouchitis. Pouchitis developed in 33 +RT patients (26%) versus 9 -RT patients (32%) (P = NS). UC patients who had +RT had a 25 per cent incidence of CP compared to only 7 per cent of those UC patients who had -RT (P = 0.03). The incidence of CP was significantly higher after IPAA in UC patients having thrombocytosis before surgery compared to UC patients having a normal platelet count before surgery.     

Histologic predictors of pouchitis in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis

Inflammation of ileal reservoir mucosa ("pouchitis") is a common sequelae in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who have had a colectomy with ileal pouch anal-anastomosis (IPAA). Although several clinical, genetic, and laboratory parameters have been evaluated, reliable pathologic predictors for the development of pouchitis are lacking. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether there are any pathologic features in UC colectomy specimens that may help predict the subsequent development of pouchitis after an IPAA procedure. The study group consisted of 39 UC patients (male/female ratio: 21/18, mean age: 35 years), who had at least 1 episode of pouchitis after an IPAA procedure during the follow-up period (mean: 57 months, range: 12-121 months). There were 26 control patients (male/female ratio: 11/15, mean age: 37 years), all of whom also underwent a total colectomy and IPAA procedure for UC, but did not develop pouchitis during the follow-up period (mean: 78 months, range: 14-223 months). Routinely processed tissues from each colectomy specimen were evaluated for a variety of histologic features, such as extent of colitis, severity of colitis, extent of severe colitis, type and extent of ulceration, presence and severity of appendiceal inflammation, and the presence of active ileitis, and compared between the study and control patients. Pathologic features that were associated with the subsequent development of pouchitis included the presence of severe colitis that extended into the cecum (severe pancolitis), which was present in 7/39 (18%) pouchitis patients, but in none (0%) of the control patients (P = 0.03), early fissuring ulcers [9/39 (23%) pouchitis cases versus 1/26 (4%) controls (P = 0.04)], active inflammation of the appendix [20/32 (63%) pouchitis patients versus 7/19 (31%) controls (P = 0.03)], and appendiceal ulceration [13/32 (41%) pouchitis patients versus none (0%) of the controls (P = 0.002)]. No significant differences in patient gender or age, depth or extent of ulceration, or the presence or absence of "backwash ileitis" were identified between the 2 groups. In conclusion, there are several histologic features in colectomy specimens from UC patients who have undergone an IPAA procedure that may help predict the subsequent development of pouchitis. Of these features, appendiceal ulceration is highly associated with pouchitis.     

The ileo-anal pouch procedure: Complications, quality of life, and long-term results

The ileo-anal pouch procedure: Complications, quality of life, and long-term results. Restorative proctocolectomy with construction of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has evolved as the surgical therapy of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). 662 patients (493 UC, 169 FAP) consecutively received IPAA. Marked differences were observed between UC and FAP patients regarding the rates of overall complications (33.1 % vs. 12.5 %), pouchitis (29 % vs. 2 %), and pouch extirpation (3.2 % vs. 0.6 %). Pouchitis occurred as primary (79 %) and secundary (21 %) form, with acute (67.2 %) or chronic (32.8 %) course. Each form and course required specific therapy. Chronic pouchitis implies the risk of malignant transformation of the pouch mucosa. Quality of life improves significantly after IPAA in patients with UC and is equal to that in normal individuals, in UC and FAP, if postoperative complications are either prevented or under control.     

Role of surgery in patients with pouchitis

Restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been an ideal surgical option for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis for nearly 4 decades. In most cases, patients enjoy excellent quality of life with a durable surgical and functional result, avoiding the need for a lifelong ileostomy.Despite great success, patients with IPAA may suffer from several pouch-related complications that are a challenge for the patient and surgeon. Pouchitis is one such challenging complication that requires thoughtful consideration and judgment for successful management. Treatment of pouchitis has historically revolved around medical therapy, but the surgeon׳s role in a multidisciplinary approach to pouchitis is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and improvement of quality of life.The focus of this review is to provide a structured approach to the challenges that the surgeon encounters when faced with a patient with chronic or refractory pouchitis and to discuss the surgical options that mitigate the morbidity caused by pouchitis in parallel with or when medical treatments fail.     

Complications after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Background/purposeColectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The rates of postoperative complications are not well established in children. The objective of this systematic review is to establish benchmark data for morbidity after pediatric IPAA.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies of colectomy with IPAA in patients ≤ 21 years old. UC studies were limited to the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents era (1998–present). All postoperative complications were extracted.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria (763 patients). Compared to patients with FAP, UC patients had a higher prevalence of pouch loss (10.6% vs. 1.5%). Other major complications such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and fistula were uncommon (mean prevalence 4.9%, 4.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, for patients with UC; 8.7%, 4.2%, and 4.3% for FAP). The most frequent complication was pouchitis (36.4% of UC patients).ConclusionsDevastating complications from colectomy and IPAA are rare, but patients with UC have poorer outcomes than those with FAP. Much of the morbidity may therefore stem from patient or disease factors. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks in patients with UC undergoing IPAA.Level of evidencePrognostic, level II.     

Etiology and pathogenesis of pouchitis

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). While this surgical therapy is effective and results in good clinical outcomes and quality of life, patients experience complications, the most common of which is pouchitis. While most pouchitis is considered idiopathic, there is mounting evidence that pouchitis results from aberrant immune response to the bacterial populations found in the pouch in a genetically predisposed patient. Dysbiosis and decreased diversity of the microbiota seem to contribute to this process. Risk factors for pouchitis including inflammatory bowel disease and obesity provide further clues to the etiology of pouchitis. In conclusion, we seek to understand the pathogenesis of pouchitis as both a post-operative complication and a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).     

Inflammatory,infectious, and ischemic disorders of the pelvic pouch

Pouchitis refers to a spectrum of inflammatory disorders affecting the ileal reservoir following restorative proctocolectomy and can be classified as idiopathic or secondary if a specific identifiable entity is identified. Pouchitis is a principal complication of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure and understanding the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of pouchitis is essential for the physician managing IPAA patients. Diagnosis and treatment of pouchitis is typically aided with multidisciplinary coordinated care leveraging specialized medical, pathological, and pharmacological expertise. While most mild and acute episodes of idiopathic pouchitis are easily treated, the gravity of the disease is clear – pouchitis significantly impairs the quality of life for IPAA patients and is a common cause of pouch failure.     

Pouchitis and extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Although the etiology of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is unknown, its manifestations resemble those of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease, including, anecdotally, the apparent ability to evoke extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our aim was to determine in what manner pouchitis and EIMs were associated. The computerized records of 819 consecutive patients who underwent IPAA between January 1981 and December 1988 were reviewed. Eighty-five patients were excluded (because of incomplete follow-up, death, or permanent ileostomy). Follow-up of the remaining 734 patients was complete (mean, 41 months). The mean age was 32 years and the ratio of men to women was 1:1. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed for chronic ulcerative colitis in 91% of patients and for familial adenomatous polyposis in 9%. Pouchitis occurred in 31% of chronic ulcerative colitis patients and 6% of familial adenomatous polyposis patients (p less than 0.01). The mean time to first occurrence was 17 months. Pouchitis recurred in 61% of patients at risk. Patients with preoperative and postoperative EIMs had significantly higher rates of pouchitis than did patients without EIMs (39% preoperative EIMs versus 26% with no EIMs, p less than 0.001; 53% postoperative EIMs versus 25% with no EIMs, p less than 0.001). Of patients with pouchitis in whom EIMs resolved after IPAA but then recurred (n = 12), EIMs recurred when pouchitis occurred and abated when pouchitis was treated in seven patients. We concluded that pouchitis occurred frequently after IPAA and that patients with EIMs were at higher risk of developing pouchitis than were patients who never had EIMs. Furthermore some patients experienced a temporal relationship between flares of EIMs and pouchitis. These results imply that pouchitis may be a novel manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease persisting after operation.     

结直肠切除术的应用体会

目的：探讨全结肠直肠切除术在家族性腺瘤性鼻肉病（ＦＡＰ）、溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）及结肠克隆病（ＣＣ）外科治疗中的应用。方法：对２２例ＦＡＰ,３例ＵＣ及２例ＣＣ病人施行全结肠直肠切除术,其中回肠贮袋肛管吻合（ＩＰＡＡ）２２例、回肠造口５例。在ＩＰＡＡ中,Ｊ型贮袋３例,Ｈ型贮袋２例,Ｓ型贮袋１７例,就手术适应证、手术操作、术后处理等进行讨论。结果：回肠造口中以加部分倒置者效果较好,ＩＰＡＡ术后排便功能较     

Anti — Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are associated with the development of postoperative fistulas following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis

Although serologic testing for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) is reportedly useful in distinguishing ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn’s disease (CD), there are few and conflicting reports assessing their utility in predicting post-operative complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). We examined the associations between postoperative complications such as pouchitis or fistulas and pANCA and ASCA antibodies in a group of patients who underwent IPAA for UC. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 34 patients initially diagnosed with UC (four of these patients had a diagnosis of indeterminate colitis) who underwent IPAA by a single surgeon, and who had pANCA and ASCA antibody levels measured during their clinical course. Study patients were assigned to four groups based on the pattern of antibody reactivity: pANCA+/ASCA- (16 patients), pANCA-/ASCA+ (nine patients), pANCA+/ASCA+ (five patients), and pANCA-/ASCA- (four patients). The median length of follow-up was 16 months (3–144 months). None of the patients (0 of 16) who were pANCA+/ASCA- had their preoperative diagnosis of UC changed after a median follow-up of 14 months (3–118 months). Of the nine patients with a preoperative diagnosis of UC who were pANCA-/ASCA+, four patients (44%) had their diagnosis changed postoperatively to CD based on clinical findings, with a median follow-up: 15 months (5–98 months). Of 16 patients who underwent IPAA and who were pANCA+/ASCA-, 15 of 16 (93.75%), were free of fistulas postoperatively, with a median follow-up of 14 months (3–118 months). Of nine patients with a preoperative diagnosis of UC who underwent IPAA and who were pANCA-/ASCA+, four of nine (44%; p=0.04) developed fistulas postoperatively, with a median length of follow-up of 55 months (15–67 months). No relationship between serologic profiles or antibody titer levels and the development of pouchitis was identified. In a cohort of patients undergoing IPAA for UC, serologic profiles may be useful in identifying patients at risk of postoperative fistula formation. Patients who were pANCA-/ASCA+ were at increased risk for the development of fistulas postoperatively compared to patients who were pANCA+/ASCA-, and were also more likely to have their diagnosis changed postoperatively to CD. A larger study is needed to validate these observations. Presented in part at DDW 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana.     

Postoperative defecatory function of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis after a restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: evaluation using fecoflowmetry

An ileal pouch is usually reconstructed as an alternative to a neorectum after a total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the real defecatory function of an ileal pouch is uncertain. This study was designed to analyze the functional and clinical outcomes after a proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for UC using fecoflowmetry (FFM). Sixteen patients who underwent IPAA for UC between 1990 and 2005 were studied. They were evaluated by FFM, together with Kelly's clinical score (KCS), and anorectal manometric assessments were also performed. FFM showed that the fecoflow pattern (FFP) of 14 patients (87%) was the block type and of 2 patients (13%) was the segmental type. The clinical score and tolerance volume showed no improvement 1 year or more after IPAA. However, the value of the maximum fecal stream flow rate (Fmax) improved with time. FFM shows that the defecatory function improved after IPAA, and it may therefore contribute to a good long-term outcome after the surgery.     

全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的远期疗效评价

目的　探讨全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)和家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP)的远期疗效。方法　 1985～ 2 0 0 2年间共对 6 1例患者行全结肠直肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术 ,其中UC 2 5例、FAP 34例、其他 2例 ,应用S袋 2 5例、S J袋 13例、J袋 17例以及W袋 6例 ,术后随诊 1～ 18年、平均 8年 ,比较分析术后控便功能及并发症。结果　全部患者存活。并发症发生率为 16 % ( 10 / 6 1) ,其中UC患者 ( 2 4 % ,6 / 2 5 )高于FAP患者 ( 12 % ,4 / 34) ,W袋高于其他各袋 ,手法吻合 ( 2 0 % ,8/ 4 1)高于吻合器吻合 ( 10 % ,2 / 2 0 ) ,但差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 2 4h大便次数平均为 4 2次。日间 84 % ( 4 3/ 5 1)、夜间 75 % ( 38/ 5 1)的患者排便能自控 ,6 % ( 3/ 5 1)的患者有明显的大便失禁。大部分患者对目前的生活质量表示满意。结论　全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗可维持UC与FAP患者肛管自控功能和可接受的大便次数 ,术后并发症较少 ,是较为理想的手术方式     

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??Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: An analysis of clinical outcomes in 38 patients GONG Jian-feng, WEI Yao, GU Li-li, et al. Department of General Surgery, the General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
Corresponding author: ZHU Wei-ming, E-mail: juwiming@126.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The clinical data of 38 patients undergoing laparoscopic IPAA in Department of General Surgery, the General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA from January 2014 to September 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and technical notes were summarized. Results Laparoscopic IPAA was performed in 34 patients with two-stage surgery , 4 patients with three-stage surgery, and 2 patients had conversion. Twenty-two patients had acute severe UC with intravenous steroid or salvage therapy failure. Median operation time was 340 (210—470) min. Two fistulas occurred after surgery, one at pouch-anal anastomosis and one at the tip of the pouch. Both were successfully treated non-operatively. Defecation frequency 3 months after surgery was 4.75 ± 1.24 times per day. The mean Cleveland Global Quality of Life was 0.85 ± 0.08. Conclusion Laparoscopic IPAA for UC is safe and feasible, and postoperative defecation and quality of life are satisfactory. A two-stage surgery is suitable for selected patients with acute severe UC.     

腹腔镜下全结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗溃疡性结肠炎38例临床疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下行全结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术（IPAA）治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析南京军区南京总医院普通外科2014年1月至2015年9月行腹腔镜下IPAA治疗的38例UC病人的术中和术后临床资料,探讨该术式的技术要点及治疗效果。结果 38例病人均成功实施 IPAA,34例病人实施腹腔镜下二期手术,4例病人实施三期手术,其中2例在第二期时中转开腹。22例为激素或挽救治疗失败的重症UC病人。手术中位时间为340（210～470）min。术后1例病人发生储袋肛管吻合口瘘,1例发生储袋顶端瘘,均经保守治疗治愈。术后3个月时随访病人平均排便次数为（4.75 ± 1.24）次/d,克利夫兰总体生活质量评价（CGQL）为0.85 ± 0.08。结论 采用腹腔镜技术行IPAA治疗UC安全可行,术后病人排便功能及生活质量满意。部分重度活动期UC病人也可实施二期手术。     

Chronic pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: effect on quality of life

Chronic pouchitis can be observed in up to 30% of patients after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). It remains a poorly understood complication and often requires chronic antibiotic and antidiarrheal treatment. We hypothesized that its occurrence can be predicted by distinct clinical parameters and that it adversely affects quality of life. Sixty-eight of 129 consecutive UC patients who underwent IPAA over a 10-year period were evaluated by Cleveland Clinic Global Quality of Life questionnaires, telephone interviews, and by chart review. Using bivariate comparison, clinical predictors for the occurrence of chronic pouchitis were sought, and postoperative data analyzed with regard to functional results and quality of life. Nineteen of 68 patients (28%) experienced chronic pouchitis, but its occurrence could not be predicted by any variable assessed. Patients with chronic pouchitis complained of more frequent fecal incontinence (32% vs. 4% in controls; P < 0.01), of more frequent bowel movements (7.7/day vs. 6.2/day; P < 0.05), and experienced severe abdominal pain more often (P < 0.05). Overall quality of life and satisfaction with surgery, as well as subjective health and energy levels were lower in patients with chronic pouchitis (P < 0.01); however, greater than 80% of these patients would consider undergoing the same procedure again. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–19, 2005 (poster presentation). Supported in part by the Digestive Health Center, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky.     

Volvulus of ileal S-pouch: A rare complication of ileal pouch anal anastomoses

INTRODUCTION

Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) after total proctocolectomy is a frequently performed surgery for medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Volvulus of the ileal pouch as a complication of IPAA is extremely rare. We present a case of volvulus of S-type ileal pouch.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 28 year old male, with history of total proctocolectomy with IPAA for severe UC in 2009 presented with signs of bowel obstruction. Emergency laparotomy was done and a volvulus of the S-type ileal pouch was derotated and pouchpexy done.

DISCUSSION

The IPAA has a wide spectrum of complications, with obstruction of proximal small bowel occurring frequently. Volvulus of the ileal pouch is extremely rare with only 3 reported cases. Early diagnosis and intervention is important to salvage the pouch. Computed tomography (CT) may aid the diagnosis in stable patients.

CONCLUSION

The diagnosis of ileal pouch volvulus although rare, should be kept in mind when dealing with patients complaining of recurrent obstruction following IPAA.