T颗粒技术在床边摄影中的应用

目的:评价T颗粒技术在床边摄影中的应用价值。方法:抽取使用T颗粒感绿片与感蓝片进行ICU床边胸部正位片各1个月的病例进行照片一次成功率的回顾性对照分析。结果:绿片组一次成功率为94.6%,蓝片组一次成功率为78%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且,感绿片组与感蓝片组相比mAs降低约1/2~1/3左右。结论:感绿片用于床边摄影,对提高床边片的成功率和降低辐射剂量有现实意义。     

感蓝、感绿屏片在胸部平片上影像质量及入射剂量的差异

目的:探讨感蓝、感绿屏片在胸部平片上影像质量及入射剂量的差异。材料与方法:测量两种不同屏片的感光性能。热释光剂量仪测试皮肤入射剂量。分别对160例在不同屏片上的胸部平片的影像密度、对比度进行测试,同时由高年资医师和技师以主观方式比较,评价影像质量。结果:感蓝、感绿屏片在良好的感光条件下,影像质量均能达到甲级片并接近客观密度标准,但甲级率绿系高于蓝系约10%,而绿系的皮肤入射剂量是蓝系的1/4～1/5。结论:影像质量不仅仅以主观评价或影像密度为依据,还应以最小的剂量获得最佳影像才是一张真正的优质片。     

玉环Ⅱ型高速双感稀土增感屏的临床应用

<正> 近年来我院试用国产玉环Ⅱ型高速双感稀土增感屏,应用效果满意。X线摄片,胶片感光依赖于:(1)X线的直接感光作用。(2)通过增感屏荧光物质的换能作用,把X线转换成可见光。X线片的黑化度90%以上是荧光曝光形成的,直接由X线曝射形成的不到10%。既往增感屏主要用钨酸钙,X线换能作用差,厚部位摄片,常须较高的投照条件。对病人、工作人员增加了X线照时剂量,又影响胶片的清晰度。1972国外采用稀土材料作荧光物质,代替钨酸钙。国内于1975年开始应用。最早使用的稀土增感屏是硫     

胸部高仟伏摄影200例分析

为与国际接轨 ,1998年 3月全国矽肺诊断天津会议提出 ,今后矽肺Ｘ线片一定要用高仟伏技术投照。随着胸部Ｘ线诊断要求的不断提高 ,胸部高仟伏摄影也越来越受到重视 ,在有一定条件的医院已经成为常规。现笔者将我院近一年来 2 0 0例高仟伏摄影胸片与普通胸片进行对比 ,并将操作体会报告如下。1　仪器岛津 5 0 0ｍＡ中频Ｘ线机 ,Ｒ 2 0球管最高使用管电压为 15 0ｍＶ ,0 .6ｍｍ小焦点。滤线设备 :使用立位摄影架 ,滤线器滤线栅比为 8∶1,同时使用 0 .5ｍｍ厚度铝质滤过板。屏—片匹配 :钨酸钙中速增感屏和上海牌中速Ｘ线胶片匹配。2　曝光条件…     

国产玉环Ⅱ型高速双感稀土增感屏应用体会

稀土增感屏是七十年代问世的X线投照用高效增感屏,它种类很多.双感稀土增感屏即第二代稀土增感屏,其优点为:成像性能好,增感率高和不受胶片性能的限制.我科于1981年10月起引用浙江玉环Ⅱ型的氟氯化钡;铕(EαFc/:Eu)高速双感稀土增感得应用于常规X线摄片及胃肠点片等,优点是既可配常规使用的遍通感蓝X光胶片又可应用于感绿X光胶片.     

浅谈X线摄影中避免荧光余辉效应的几点体会

在X线摄影检查时的投照过程中，常用到增感屏及其相关技术，在摄片暗盒中，增感屏的应用可以减少X线的剂量并可以使照片影像质量更高。每种物质的衰减率各有不同，X射线在投照后，当没有完全衰减完的情况下，它与增感屏及胶片上的感光物质仍然具有不同程度的感光性，这种现象称之为余辉效应。     

Super HR系列感绿片在放射摄影中的应用

目的：评价Super HR系列感绿片在放射摄影中的特点及应用价值。方法：抽取Super HR感绿片、New RX系列感蓝片投照胸部、腹部、脊柱、四肢各20份,比较投照条件、清晰度、对比度、组织结构显示及是否符合诊断要求等方面比较摄影效果。结果：感绿片与感蓝片相比mAs降低1／2－1／3,摄影效果优片率大幅提高。结论：Super HR系列X光胶片与NEW RX系列相比具有较高的感光度、对比度、解像力,同时减少患者辐射50％以上,具有较高的应用价值。     

一种新型稀土材料X线增感屏试制成功

在英明领袖华主席和党中央关于召开全国科学大会的重要决定的鼓舞下,上海医疗器械研究所、上海医械电镀厂、上海市静安区中心医院和上海第一医学院华山医院等单位组成的萤光材料研究小组在1975年研制成功硫氧化钆增感屏的基础上,于1977年6月又试制成功新型的稀土材料——溴氧化镧、硫氧化镧X线增感屏。这三种增感屏都可使X线胶片获得大幅度的感光增益,更充分利用X线的能量,减少X线曝射量(只需钨酸钙屏的1/4～1/7)。在临床使用中的优点是:(1)由于曝光时间的缩短,提高了照片的清晰度;(2)减少检查者和受检查的放射     

浅谈高速增感屏的应用

增感屏有硫氧化钇钆、硫氧化钨酸钙等材料构成,俗称高速、中速增感屏。 随着医学的不断发展,医务人员对X线影像片的要求越来越高。这就是说放射技术工作需要上一个新的台阶才能满足临床需要,我们放射技术人员所要做的工作就是尽量能做到增感屏系列化,不同部位使用不同的增感屏,显影定影液要配套,即屏片匹配,这样才能获得一张真正满意的X线影像片。 中速增感屏所拍的片子颗粒细,结构清楚,对比度、清晰度好,但曝光时间较长,对有些肢体较厚的部位,老弱病残、婴幼儿不适合。如腰椎、颅底等部位,由于曝光时间较高,影象片产生灰雾度大,图组织结构     

感蓝片与感绿片在胸部X线摄影中的应用分析

目的 :探讨感绿胶片在胸部 X线摄影中的应用价值及其临床意义。材料与方法 :回顾 10 0例应用感绿胶片的胸部 X线照片 ,并与应用感蓝胶片的 10 0例胸部 X线照片进行对照分析。结果 :感绿胶片较感蓝胶片明亮、光滑 ,对比度高于感蓝胶片。感绿胶片的清晰度、分辨力也明显高于感蓝胶片。感绿胶片较感蓝胶片感光充足 ,密度适中 ,灰雾度低。结论 :通过对两种胶片所摄胸部常规片的影像质量分析 ,建议基层医院使用感绿胶片     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.