肾病综合征特发性膜性肾病患者临床病理特征与肾功能的相关性

目的:探讨肾病综合征特发性膜性肾病(IMN)患者临床病理特征与肾功能的相关性。方法:对2008年01月~2019年06月在上海中医药大学附属龙华医院肾病科就诊并经肾活检确诊为IMN的112例患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:与CKD1期患者相比,CKD2期及CKD3~5期患者在年龄、高血压及高尿酸血症患病率、血尿酸水平、肾小球球性硬化、肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化、肾间质炎症细胞浸润和小动脉管壁增厚等临床病理表现上更为严重;Logistic二元逐步回归提示年龄、高血压及高尿酸血症发病率、肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化和肾间质炎症细胞浸润是eGFR <90 ml/min的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示血尿酸对女性患者肾功能的预测优于男性。结论:年龄、高血压、高尿酸血症、肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化、肾间质炎症细胞浸润是影响伴肾病综合征IMN患者肾功能的重要因素,血尿酸水平对不同性别患者肾功能的影响可能存在差异。     

正常血压IgA肾病患者动脉病变的意义

目的:传统观点认为动脉硬化与高血压有关。然而,部分IgA肾病患者,尽管血压正常,但仍有动脉硬化的改变。本研究的目的就是比较血压正常、伴有和不伴有动脉病变的IgA肾病患者的临床病理特点,探讨正常血压IgA肾病患者肾内动脉病变的影响因素及意义。方法:所有患者均经肾活检诊断为原发性IgA肾病,无高血压病史,肾活检前血压<140/90mmHg。动脉病变的定义为活检肾组织光镜下见动脉壁增厚和(或)动脉玻璃样变。符合标准的105例患者,根据动脉病变的有无分为两组,有动脉病变组52例、无动脉病变组53例,分别比较两组的临床病理特点。肾脏动脉病变的半定量分级标准:0:无损害;1:<25%;2:≥25%,<50%;3:≥50%。统计学方法:分别比较两组的临床病理特点,将差异有统计学意义的单因素指标作为多因素分析的入选指标,采用逐步回归方法分析动脉病变的影响因素,以P<0.05作为差异有统计学意义。结果:与无动脉病变组比较,动脉病变组肾活检时的年龄、血肌酐、血尿酸、尿蛋白定量、尿NAG酶、肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩以及肾间质纤维化的程度显著增高,尿渗透压显著下降。多因素分析的结果表明,肾活检时的血肌酐、尿渗透压、肾小管萎缩及肾间质纤维化是正常血压IgA肾病动脉病变的独立影响因素。动脉病变的程度与血肌酐、肾小管萎缩及肾间质纤维化呈正相关;与尿渗透压呈负相关。结论:血压正常IgA肾病患者的肾内动脉病变,主要与年龄、血肌酐、血尿酸增高等因素有关,常伴有肾小管间质损害。     

血清转化生长因子-β_1与肾间质损害相关研究

目的：探讨血清转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）与肾间质、肾小管损害间的关系。方法：对156例肾病患者行肾穿刺活检、血清TGF-β1检测,参照Katafuchi标准进行肾间质浸润、纤维化评分及肾小管萎缩评分,分析肾间质、肾小管评分与血清TGF-β1关系。结果：（1）肾间质浸润评分≥0.5组血清TGF-β1、肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）显著高于0分组,肾间质浸润评分与血清TGF-β1显著相关,相关系数0.296,P〈0.01。（2）肾间质纤维化评分≥0.5组血清TGF-β1、Scr、BUN显著高于0分组,肾间质纤维化评分与血清TGF-β1显著相关,相关系数0.248,P〈0.01。（3）经Logistic回归分析,肾间质纤维化评分是影响血清TGF-β1水平的相关因子。结论：血清TGF-β1与肾间质浸润和纤维化相关,是评估肾间质浸润和纤维化的指标。     

中医及中西医结合治疗IgA肾病疗效分析

目的：探讨与中医及中西医结合治疗IgA肾病疗效相关的肾组织病理因素。方法：对58例经肾活检确诊的IgA肾病患者按治疗方法分为单纯中药治疗组及中西医结合治疗组,对两组患者的肾组织病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：中药组中细胞性新月体组、肾小管萎缩组、肾小血管病变组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量较治疗前明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。中西医组：肾小球无硬化组、肾小球硬化组、细胞性新月体组、间质纤维化组、肾间质炎症组、肾小管萎缩组、肾小血管病变组、无肾小血管病变组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量均较治疗前明显减少（P〈0.05）,有统计学差异。不同病理表现对中药组、中西医组治疗前后血清肌酐水平均无明显改善（P〉0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗对于肾脏病理表现为活动性病变及慢性病变的IgA肾病患者均具有疗效;而单纯中药辨证治疗对于肾脏病理表现以慢性病变为主者（肾小管萎缩、肾小血管病变）具有疗效。对于西药无法干预治疗的重症型IgAN患者,单纯中药辨证治疗仍能改善部分患者24h尿蛋白排泄,临床治疗总有效率仍有60.7%,结合中药辨证治疗IgAN可与西药治疗优势互补,从而延缓疾病的进展。     

106例伴有慢性肾功能不全的IgA肾病患者肾活检的临床价值

目的了解IgA肾病患者出现慢性肾功能不全时的肾脏病理学特征及其与临床的关系.方法分析106例伴有慢性肾功能不全的IgA肾病患者的临床和病理资料,根据患者血肌酐水平分为3组,分别按Lee分级标准和Hass分型标准将肾脏的病理改变分级,Katafuchi半定量积分法判断肾小球、肾小管间质及血管的病变程度.研究血肌酐水平(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(CCr)和临床其它指标以及肾脏病理各项指标的相关性,多元回归分析影响血肌酐水平的因素.结果106例患者全部为LeeⅣ～Ⅴ级或HassⅣ～Ⅴ型.Scr＞266 μmol/L的患者Lee Ⅴ级/Hass Ⅴ型的患者数量明显高于另外两组(P＜0.05),肾脏病理总积分和间质积分均与其它两组患者差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).尿蛋白定量、肾小球全球硬化程度、间质积分均与Scr、Ccr有显著相关性(P＜0.05),肾小管萎缩、间质纤维化与Scr、Ccr均显著相关(P＜0.01).肾小管萎缩是预测肾功能的独立因素(P＜0.01).结论IgA肾病患者出现肾功能不全时,肾脏病理学主要特征为全球硬化比例高,肾小管间质损害突出.尿蛋白量以及间质病变与肾功能损害程度显著相关,肾小管萎缩程度是预后不良的重要因素.因此,对于伴有慢性肾功能不全的IgA肾病患者,当间质有大量炎细胞浸润时应给予相应治疗,同时要积极控制蛋白尿和高血压,这样可以延缓其进展至尿毒症的时间.     

特发性膜性肾病患者临床与肾脏病理表现的相关因素分析

目的探讨特发性膜性肾病患者(idiopathic membranous nephropathy,IMN)的临床及病理特征及对肾小球滤过率的影响。方法纳入2017年1月至2018年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院确诊为IMN的119例患者,根据估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)将患者分为eGFR正常组58例[eGFR≥90 mL·min~(-1)·(1.73 m~2)~(-1)]和eGFR下降组61例[eGFR90 mL·min~(-1)·(1.73 m~2)~(-1)],收集患者的临床及病理资料并进行对比分析。结果在临床资料方面,eGFR下降组患者的年龄、高血压患者比例、血肌酐、尿素氮显著高于eGFR正常组(P0.05),血清白蛋白、血清总蛋白水平显著低于eGFR正常组(P0.05);在肾脏病理方面,eGFR下降组患者的肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩、肾间质纤维化、间质炎性细胞浸润、小动脉增厚的比例显著高于eGFR正常组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明高龄、肾间质炎性细胞浸润是IMN患者eGFR下降的独立危险因素,高血清白蛋白水平是IMN患者eGFR下降的保护因素。结论对于IMN患者应积极采取改善血清白蛋白水平、控制肾间质炎性细胞浸润等办法,保护患者肾功能,延缓疾病进展。     

高钙性肾病的发病机制

高钙性肾病主要是指人体内血钙特别是血钙离子持续明显升高，引起肾脏的器质性损害和功能改变。病理上主要表现为小管间质病变，可见小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落、萎缩，肾间质有水肿、淋巴及单核细胞浸润、灶状或弥漫性纤维化。肾小管上皮细胞及肾间质可见颗粒状钙沉积，即肾钙质沉着症。目前引起高钙性肾病的血钙浓度标准还没有严格界定。肾功能正常时，     

血、尿NGAL与IgA肾病临床与病理的相关性研究

目的:探讨血、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床与病理表现的关系。方法:选择初次诊治经肾活检病理检查确诊为IgAN且未经激素或免疫抑制剂治疗的患者40例,同时选择10例健康体检者作为对照。收集临床和病理资料,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血、尿NGAL水平,并分别用IgAN牛津分型和Katafuchi半定量标准对病理进行评分。分析血、尿NGAL与IgAN患者临床及病理指标的相关性。结果:血、尿NGAL反映IgAN肾功能情况较血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)更敏感,与高血压、Scr、BUN、牛津分型的系膜增殖积分(M)、间质纤维化或小管萎缩(T)以及Katafuchi分型的系膜增殖、局灶节段病变、球性硬化、炎细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、血管壁增厚、小动脉玻变等多个指标相关性分析差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,部分P<0.01),尤其与肾小管间质损伤各项指标(炎细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩)显著相关(r均>0.6,P<0.01)。ROC曲线表明血、尿NGAL在IgAN中反映小管间质病变程度方面明显优于Scr和肾小球滤过率(eGFR),血NGAL在反映小管间质病变程度方面比尿NGAL敏感度和特异度更高。结论:血、尿NGAL水平与IgA肾病临床及病理多个指标相关,更能反映肾小管间质损伤程度,可以作为评估IgA肾病小管间质病变的早期无创性指标。     

磷酸化糖原合成酶激酶-3β在大鼠移植肾早期病理改变中的作用

目的 探讨糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)在大鼠移植肾早期病理改变中的作用.方法 以F344大鼠为供者,Lewis大鼠为受者,依照标准的慢性移植肾肾病(CAN)模型要求行左肾原位移植,制作CAN模型(移植组).术后7d切除受者的右肾.以切除一侧肾脏的雄性F344大鼠和Lewis 大鼠为对照(F344对照组和LEW对照组).分别于术后4、8、12、16及24周时收集24 h尿液,采集血液,测定24 h尿蛋白和血肌酐,取移植肾组织,观察组织学改变,并用免疫组化法检测肾组织中磷酸化GSK-3β表达.结果 移植组术后早期(4、8和12周)移植肾病理改变主要表现为单个核细胞浸润、血管平滑肌细胞(SMC)的移行增殖,在后期(16和24周)尿蛋白排泄率显著增高,移植肾病理改变表现为肾间质单个核细胞浸润明显增加及严重的肾间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩.移植组术后各时间点移植肾组织中磷酸化GSK-3β及其mRNA表达水平均显著低于LEW对照组和F344对照组相同时点的表达水平(P＜0.05),并随着移植时间的延长进一步降低.磷酸化GSK-3β表达水平与早期肾间质单个核细胞浸润程度、SMC移行增殖及后期肾间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、血管硬化程度呈显著负相关.结论 磷酸化GSK-3β表达下调在大鼠移植肾早期的肾间质单个核细胞浸润、SMC移行增殖及后期的肾间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、肾血管硬化病变的发生中均起重要作用.     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的临床病理分析

目的探讨IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者的临床及病理变化的特点,以期揭示IgA肾病伴有高尿酸血症的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2006年6月至2012年12月厦门大学附属中山医院肾内科收治的270例经肾活检确诊的原发性IgA肾病患者,依据血尿酸水平,将270例IgA肾病患者分为高尿酸血症组和尿酸正常组,测定记录所有患者的性别、发病年龄、收缩期血压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血尿酸、血肌酐、血白蛋白、血脂等临床指标,所有患者均进行肾脏病理检查并行Lee分级,统计分析2组的临床和病理特点,并对肾功能正常患者(135例)的病理指标进一步行亚组分析。结果IgA肾病患者高尿酸血症的患病率为25.19%,高尿酸血症组患者年龄、血白蛋白、血三酰甘油、血清总胆固醇水平与尿酸正常组比较,差异无统计学意义,患者男性比例、收缩期血压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐水平均高于尿酸正常组(P0.05),高尿酸血症组患者肾脏病理Lee分级严重的比例及发生肾小管间质病变、肾内动脉病变的比例均高于尿酸正常组(P0.05)。正常肾功能患者中,高尿酸血症组出现动脉壁肥厚等肾内动脉病变及肾小管间质慢性病变的比例亦高于尿酸正常组(P0.05)。结论 IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症患者与尿酸正常组患者比较,临床表现及肾脏病理损伤多较重,尤其对肾小管间质病变及肾内血管病变影响更明显,临床预后不佳,应予重视并及时有效地进行干预治疗。     

165例特发性膜性肾病临床及病理特征与肾功能的相关性分析

目的 研究特发性膜性肾病（IMN）患者肾功能水平与临床及病理特征之间的相关性。方法 对2010年1月至2016年12月于深圳大学附属第一医院确诊的165例IMN患者的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析；按照基线肾功能水平eGFR（估算肾小球滤过率）分为CKD1期组、CKD2期组、CKD3+4+5期组,比较患者人口学、临床生化指标及病理指标等的差异。采用相关性方程分析肾功能与年龄、24 h尿蛋白量、血压、临床生化指标及病理指标的相关性。采用二元logistic回归方程分析影响肾功能下降的危险因素。结果 ①患者年龄14～84（45.33±15.19）岁，临床表现为肾病综合征82例（49.6%）,伴高血压76例（46.1%）,合并水肿129例（78.1%）；②与CKD1期的患者相比，CKD2期以上的患者临床及病理具有男性比例高、高龄、高血压及肾病综合征发生率高的特点,且CKD分期越高（即eGFR水平越低）的患者，肾小球节段硬化、肾间质炎症细胞浸润及肾小动脉壁增厚的比例越高；③相关性分析结果提示，肾功能与年龄、高血压、24 h尿蛋白、血清尿酸水平、肾间质炎症细胞浸润、肾小管萎缩、肾小动脉壁增厚呈负相关（P<0.05）；④logistic多因素回归分析显示性别、24 h尿蛋白定量、高尿酸血症、肾间质炎症细胞浸润为IMN患者肾功能损害的独立危险因素。结论 IMN患者初诊时年龄、是否合并肾病综合征及高血压是eGFR下降的相关因素；男性、大量蛋白尿、高尿酸血症、肾间质炎症细胞浸润是影响IMN患者肾功能重要的预测因子。     

血红蛋白与IgA肾病患者肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的关系

目的探讨IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)患者血红蛋白(Hb)水平与肾脏病理牛津分级中肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化(T)的关系。方法回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2015年12月31日在深圳市第二人民医院肾活检确诊为IgAN、同时有完整实验室及影像学资料的患者。将所有患者分为贫血组与非贫血组。采用Logistic回归分析确定Hb与肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的关系;采用平滑曲线拟合分析Hb与肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化可能的曲线关系;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析Hb对肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的诊断价值。结果本研究共纳入IgAN患者630例,贫血组130例(20.63%),非贫血组500例(79.37%);两组间年龄差异无统计学意义,而性别差异有统计学意义(男性35.38%比53.80%,χ2=10.740,P<0.001)。与非贫血组相比,贫血组的患者肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的比例和24 h尿蛋白量较高(χ2=62.586,P<0.001;Z=-6.082,P<0.001),估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)较低(t=7.126,P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,高Hb水平为肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化发生风险减少的独立保护因素(OR=0.973,95%CI 0.958~0.987,P<0.001)。平滑曲线拟合分析显示Hb与肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化呈线性负相关。ROC曲线提示Hb诊断肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的最佳临界值为120.5 g/L,即提示Hb>120.5 g/L时,肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化的程度可能降低。结论IgAN合并贫血的患者其肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化发生率较高。Hb>120.5 g/L可能减少肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化发生的风险。     

Clinicopathologic features and prednisone therapeutic effect of 50 cases of proliferative sclerosing IgA nephropathy

Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic features of proliferative sclerosing IgA nephropathy and the efficacy of prednisone therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted, enrolling 50 patients with biopsy-proven primary proliferative sclerosing IgA nephropathy who were admitted in the Hospital from January 2005 to June 2015 - 26 males and 24 females, mean age (36.8±10.4) years. Clinicopathologic features and prednisone therapeutic effect were analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations of 50 cases were nephritis syndrome with varying degrees of renal insufficiency, including 32 cases (64.0%) with hypertension, 15 cases (30.0%) with microscopic hematuria. Renal biopsy showed the incidence of glomerular global sclerosis was 17.0%-47.2%, tubular atrophy/ interstitial fibrosis outstanding (T0 50%, T1 32%, T2 18%). After prednisone treatment, compared with sustained remission group and relapse group, invalid patients had higher incidence of hypertension (P＜0.05), relatively lower Hb (P＜0.01) and serum albumin, more significant renal dysfunction (P＜0.01), more severe glomerular global sclerosis, segmental sclerosis, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, while the lower interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. During the follow-up, which lasted from 6 to 132 months (median 27.3 months), the effective rate of treatment was 74.0% after sufficient prednisone or half dose prednisone therapy. Repeated recurrence rate was 32.0%. At the end of the follow-up period, 13(26.0%) patients entered the stage of uremia. Conclusions Application of glucocorticoids in the treatment of proliferative sclerosing IgA nephropathy can protect renal function and delay the progression of renal impairment. The efficacy of glucocorticoids therapy is significantly associated with the presence or absence of hypertension, the degree of renal function impairment, and the severity of the onset of renal pathology.     

Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of IgA nephropathy patients with anemia

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with anemia and the influencing factors of prognosis. Methods The clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with primary IgAN at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into anemia group and non-anemia group according to whether the patient was anemia or not. The clinical and pathological data of the two groups were collected. All of them were followed up from the date of renal biopsy to January 1, 2018. Survival curves of the two groups were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to explore the influencing factors of prognosis in IgAN patients. Results A total of 231 subjects were enrolled, including 122 males (52.8%), and the male-female ratio was 1.12∶1. Their age was (34.8±10.1) years (15-68 years). There were 70 patients (30.3%) in anemia group, 161 cases (69.7%) in non-anemic group. Compared with non-anemia group, anemia group had higher proportion of females, lower serum albumin, higher proportion of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1/2), endothelial cell proliferation (E1) and crescent formation (C1/2), which were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). The patients had a median follow-up time as 6.3 years (0.3-12.9 years). Survival analysis showed that patients in anemia group had lower cumulative renal survival rate than that in non-anemia group ( χ2=15.234, P＜0.001). Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis revealed that anemia (HR=3.820, 95%CI 1.674-8.719, P=0.001), tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1/2) (HR=3.770, 95%CI 1.026-13.852, P=0.046), glomerular segmental sclerosis/adhesion (S1) (HR=4.211, 95%CI 1.139-15.576, P=0.031), hypertension (HR=2.988, 95%CI 1.276-6.999, P=0.012), increased 24 h urinary protein (HR=1.103, 95%CI 1.046-1.163, P＜0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR)＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (HR=3.725, 95%CI 1.639-8.462, P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for poor renal prognosis in patients with IgAN. Conclusions The clinicopathological features of IgAN patients with anemia are relatively serious, and the renal cumulative survival rate is lower. Anemia, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T1/2), glomerular segmental sclerosis/adhesion (S1), hypertension, increased urinary protein and eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 are the independent risk factors for poor renal prognosis in patients with IgAN.     

The correlation between serum levels of oxidative stress indicators and renal interstitial fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of oxidative stress indicators and the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Seventy eight patients with confirmed primary IgAN in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled. The patients were divided into T0 group (n=30), T1 group (n=26) and T2 group (n=22) according to the grade of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis of Oxford pathological classification criteria for IgAN in 2009. Meanwhile, thirty cases of health examiner were enrolled as control subjects. The levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by xanthine oxidase method, thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry method, chemical colorimetric method, respectively. The levels of serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in all groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum oxidative stress indicators and traditional risk factors of tubular atrophy/renal interstitial fibrosis. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between oxidative stress indicators and degree of renal tubular atrophy/renal interstitial fibrosis. Results There were differences in serum levels of AOPPs, MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in IgAN patients with different degrees of renal interstitial fibrosis (all P﹤0.05). With the increase of renal interstitial fibrosis, the levels of AOPPs and MDA increased gradually, while the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px decreased gradually. Serum AOPPs, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px concentration in IgAN patients were correlated with the mean arterial pressure (MAP), total blood protein (TP), albumin (Alb), Scr, uric acid (UA), 24-hour urinary protein volume and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the AOPPs levels of blood were positively correlated with MAP, Scr, UA and 24-hour urinary protein (all P﹤0.01), and negatively correlated with TP, Alb, eGFR (all P﹤0.05). The serum levels of AOPPs and MDA in IgAN patients were positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1, MCP-1, TGF-α, IL-6 and HIF-1α. The levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were negatively correlated with the levels of TGF-β1, MCP-1, TGF-α, IL-6 and HIF-1α. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in IgAN patients was positively correlated with serum AOPPs level (β=0.285, P=0.001), negatively correlated with CAT (β=-0.346, P﹤0.001), GSH-Px (β=-0.303, P﹤0.001). Conclusions The level of serum oxidative stress in IgAN patients is elevated and positively correlated with the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the occurrence and development of renal interstitial fibrosis.     

白细胞介素18、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和血清胱抑素C在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤中的变化

目的探讨尿白细胞介素18（interleukin-18,IL-18）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophilgelatinase-associatedlipocalin,NGAL）和血清胱抑素C（cystatinC,Cysc）在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury,AKI）中的变化。方法收集我院呼吸衰竭患者125例,其中呼吸衰竭并发AKI患者35例（AKI组）,呼吸衰竭未并发AKI患者90例（非AKI组）。检测全血细胞、血清CysC、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血白蛋白水平、血气分析,检测尿NGAL和IL-18水平。结果2组患者间年龄、男女比例、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、血红蛋白、白蛋白的差异无统计学意义,而基础有高血压史比例的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。AKI组估算肾小球滤过率（estimatedglomerularfiltrationrate,eGFR）低于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;AKI组SCr、BUN、血清CysC、尿NGAL和II,18高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pearson相关分析显示AKI组尿IL-18、NGAL及血清CysC均与SCr具有相关性,与eGFR也具有相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示尿IL-18、NGAL、血清CysC升高是呼吸衰竭发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论尿IL-18、NGAL和血清CysC对诊断呼吸衰竭合并AKI有较高的准确性。     

糖尿病肾病患者肾小管上皮细胞NF-κB及炎性介质表达的临床病理意义

目的 观察糖尿病肾病（DN）患者肾小管上皮细胞NF-κB及炎性介质表达的临床病理意义。 方法 选择经肾活检确诊的23例糖尿病肾病患者肾组织为DN组,以免疫组化法检测肾组织NF-κB p50、p65、单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP）1、骨调素（OPN）等炎性介质及纤连蛋白（FN）、?琢平滑肌肌动蛋白（?琢-SMA）表达;原位杂交法检测NF-κB p65 mRNA表达,并进行半定量评分;选择10例肾癌切除术患者为对照组,取离癌组织大于5 cm处肾皮质,检测指标同DN组。采用Spearman等级相关法分析炎性介质表达与小管间质病理改变、尿N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、尿蛋白量（24 h）、肾小球滤过率（eGFR）之间的相关性。 结果 组织学检查显示,各期DN组患者多存在明显的肾小管上皮细胞变性、灶状萎缩、间质炎性细胞浸润及纤维化。免疫组化与原位杂交结果显示,对照组患者NF-κB、OPN和MCP-1在肾组织无明显表达,FN主要表达于肾小球,?琢-SMA主要表达于肾血管;DN组患者随着尿白蛋白水平的增加,NF-κB、OPN和MCP-1在肾小管表达显著增加,主要表达于结构相对正常的小管上皮细胞,在炎性细胞大量聚集及明显纤维化处表达较少;同时,肾间质?琢-SMA、FN表达也有明显增加,但主要表达于炎性介质阳性表达的小管周围及炎性细胞浸润与纤维化较明显的肾间质,二者均不表达于肾小管上皮细胞。相关分析显示,DN组患者肾小管NF-κB p65蛋白的表达与NF-κB p50蛋白、p65 mRNA表达呈正相关,r分别为0.792和0.763,均P < 0.01;与肾小管MCP-1、OPN表达呈正相关,r分别为0.825和0.869,均P < 0.01;与间质?琢-SMA、FN表达呈正相关,r分别为0.327和0.432,均P < 0.01;与尿蛋白量（24 h）、eGFR、尿NAG水平均相关,r分别为 0.710、-0.728、0.930,均P < 0.01。 结论 DN患者肾小管NF-κB及多种炎性介质表达明显上调,多分布于结构相对正常的肾小管上皮细胞。NF-κB及炎性介质的表达与蛋白尿、肾功能下降及肾间质纤维化等临床及病理表现密切相关,提示它们可能参与了人类DN的发生和发展。     

The association of WISP-1 expression in IgA nephropathy patients with renal interstitial fibrosis

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Wnt induced secreted protein-1 (WISP-1) and the fibrosis of renal biopsy tissue in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Methods Fifty-three patients firstly diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy were included and classified according to Oxford and Lee's classification. Sixteen patients with MCD entered the fibrosis negative control group, and fourteen healthy adults entered the normal control group. The expression of WISP-1 in renal tissues and serum of all subjects were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA respectively. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that WISP-1 was not expressed in MCD patients and normal human kidney tissues, which was abundantly deposited in renal tissue of patients with focal proliferative IgAN with renal interstitial fibrosis. The serum level of WISP-1 in IgAN patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (P=0.015) and MCD patients (P=0.030). In the subgroup analysis of IgAN renal fibrosis, the serum concentration of WISP-1 of fibrosis grade between 0-10% (F1 group) and fibrosis＞25% (F3 group) were significantly higher than that in the normal group and the MCD group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between F2 group (10%＜fibrosis≤25%) and normal group or MCD group (P＞0.05). Conclusions The expression of WISP-1 in serum and renal tissue of renal interstitial fibrosis IgAN patients is higher than that of normal and MCD patients without renal fibrosis, and the IgAN patients' serum level of WISP-1 is significantly increased in fibrosis lower score group. The expressions of WISP-1 in serum and renal tissue are related to the occurrence of IgAN renal interstitial fibrosis, in which WISP-1 may play an important role as an early precursor factor in the pathogenesis of IgAN renal interstitial fibrosis.     

Association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the influence of obesity on renal lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by analyzing the association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors (ARR). Method Clinical-pathological data of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected retrospectively. According to the body mass index (BMI), patients were divided into non-obese group (BMI＜28, N-OB group) and obese group (BMI≥28, OB group). Their clinical characteristics, pathological index and ARR scores were compared. The relationship of BMI and ARR was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models. Results (1) A total of 674 IgAN patients with mean age of 35.5±11.3 years were enrolled, including 94 in OB group and 580 in N-OB group respectively. Compared with those in the N-OB group, the proportion of male, age, mean arterial pressure, blood uric acid, blood triglyceride, diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased in OB group (all P＜0.01). Patients in OB group had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher ARR score than those in N-OB group (all P＜0.05). (2) More severe thickening renal small artery wall and hyaline degeneration were observed in the OB group than in the N-OB group (all P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Lee classification, Oxford classification, mesangial cell proliferation, glomerular sclerosis, crescent formation, renal tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammatory cell in filtration and endothelial cell proliferation. (3) After adjusting for age, sex, blood uric acid, serum albumin, eGFR, low density lipoprotein, glomerular sclerosis, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal tubular atrophy and vascular wall thickening, BMI was still an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients (OR=1.09, 95%CI 1.03-1.14). Conclusions BMI is an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients. Early prevention and control of obesity and its associated risk factors may improve outcomes of IgAN patients.