维持性血液透析患者抑郁发病率调查及其危险因素分析

目的调查本中心维持性血液透析(MHD)患者抑郁发病率,探讨MHD患者抑郁发病相关的危险因素。 方法193例维持性血液透析患者被纳入此次研究。采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)评价患者,根据得分,将患者分为非抑郁组(PHQ-9得分<4分,n＝101)及抑郁组(PHQ-9得分≥5分,n＝92)。统计分析两组间患者性别,年龄,身体质量指数(BMI),婚姻情况,工作情况,吸烟,饮酒,医疗保险情况,透析月龄,透析间期体质量增加量(IWG),查尔森同病指数,spKt/V,血红蛋白,血清白蛋白的差异,并利用Logistic回归分析MHD患者发生抑郁的影响因素。 结果193例MHD患者中,抑郁发病率47.6%(92例)。年龄(OR＝1.03,P＝0.038),透析月龄(OR＝1.02,P＝0.032),IWG(%)(OR＝1.71,P＝0.025),查尔森同病指数(OR＝1.78,P＝0.008),医保种类(OR＝3.27,P＝0.021),spKt/V(OR＝0.01,P<0.001),血红蛋白(OR＝0.82,P<0.001),血清白蛋白(OR＝0.87,P＝0.032)为MHD患者发生抑郁的独立危险因素。工作情况与抑郁患病率有关(P＝0.033),无业患者(OR＝4.41,P＝0.012)及退休患者(OR＝3.19,P＝0.049)的抑郁发生率均高于在职患者。 结论在维持性血液透析患者中,抑郁发病率较高。增龄、存在合并症、透析时间及透析间期体质量增加及医疗费用比例的增加是抑郁发病的危险因素;有工作、透析充分性提高、贫血纠正、血清白蛋白升高是抑郁发生的保护性因素。     

单次人体成分分析参数对住院尿毒症透析患者的预后价值

目的探讨生物电阻抗单次测定的营养及液体负荷指标对住院尿毒症患者预后的预测价值。 方法前瞻性连续纳入2014年1月至2016年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院肾内科住院的成年维持性透析患者(包括血液透析、腹膜透析患者),患者入院后前3 d内均使用人体成分检测仪测定透析前人体成分。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,使用Cox回归分析瘦体重指数(LTI)、脂肪组织指数(FTI)、细胞外液(ECW)与体细胞质量(BCM)比值(ECW/BCM)、过多水负荷(OH)与预后的关系,并进行多因素校正Cox回归分析。 结果(1)排除失访患者12例及随访期间行肾移植患者20例后共纳入819例患者,其中血液透析患者696例,腹膜透析患者123例。平均随访时间(28.1±9.7)月,172例(21%)患者随访期间死亡。(2)按照OH<-1L、-1～1 L及>1L将患者分为3组、按照OH/ECW比值将患者分为液体负荷过量(fluid overload)和液体平衡(fluid balance)两组、按照LTI、FTI、ECW/BCM的四分位数将患者各分为4组。生存分析发现不同OH组患者的死亡无显著差异(χ²＝ 2.4767,P＝0.2899),而不同体液状态的两组患者、不同LTI、FTI、ECW/BCM的4组患者的死亡有显著差异(体液状况2个组比较,χ²＝12.3874, P＝0.0004;LTI 4个组比较,χ²＝ 57.0897,P<0.0001;FTI 4个组比较,χ² ＝ 10.5650, P＝0.0143;ECW/BCM 4个组比较,χ²＝69.5081,P<0.0001)。其中,液体负荷组、LTI越低组,FTI越高组,ECW/BCM越高组,死亡风险趋向增高。多因素COX回归显示在校正透析龄、糖尿病、感染、舒张压、FTI、ECW/BCM后,高龄、高Charlson评分、低白蛋白、低LTI均是透析患者死亡的独立危险因素(HR_age＝1.03, P<0.001; HR_Charlson＝1.18, P＝0.003; HR_Alb＝0.94, P<0.001; HR_LTI＝0.84, P<0.001)。(3)按Alb和LTI的中位数将人群分为4组,发现预后按以下分组顺序依次变差：Alb>35.2、LTI>11.5组,Alb>35.2、LTI≤11.5组,Alb≤35.2、LTI>11.5组,Alb≤35.2、LTI≤11.5组。交互作用分析显示血Alb和LTI不存在交互作用。(4)亚组分析显示,血液透析亚组(n＝696)结果与总体类似,而腹膜透析亚组(n＝123)显示LTI、FTI与患者预后关系不明显。 结论低LTI、高FTI、高ECW/BCM、液体负荷过量与患者中期死亡显著相关,而单个点的OH与中期死亡无显著相关。即使在校正年龄、Charlson共病评分后,LTI仍独立于Alb与预后相关,且两者间无交互作用,提示LTI联合血清Alb可评价尿毒症患者的营养指标和判断预后。     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及其易感因素分析

目的分析第四军医大学西京医院腹膜透析中心腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的易感因素、致病菌谱、药敏情况及预后。 方法回顾性分析第四军医大学西京医院腹膜透析中心2013年7月至2015年6月持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者中腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(PDAP)患者及未发生腹膜炎的腹膜透析患者的透析龄(<1年组,1～3年组,>3年组)、文化程度(初中以下组、初中及初中以上组)、培训者工龄(<5年组,5～10年组,>10年组)及血清白蛋白水平等临床资料;同时分析腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者致病菌谱、药敏等临床资料及转归情况。 结果501例CAPD患者中,87例患者发生106例次腹膜炎,平均腹膜炎发生率为1次/66.8病人月。透析龄<1年组,1～3年组,>3年组的腹膜炎发生率分别为18.8%(21/112)、24.0%(56/233)、6.4%(10/156),三组间差异有统计学意义(χ²＝20.42,P<0.001);初中以下文化水平患者腹膜炎发生率(29.1%,59/203)显著高于初中及以上文化水平患者(12.4%,37/298)(χ²＝21.60, P<0.001);培训护士的工龄<5年,5～10年和>10年组,腹膜炎的发生率分别为25.4%(51/201)、15.4%(23/148)、8.6%(13/152),三组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ²＝17.55,P<0.001)。腹膜炎患者的血清白蛋白水平[(26.89±5.16)g/L]显著低于非腹膜炎组[(34.58±6.27)g/L;t＝－8.8,P<0.001]。腹膜炎患者透出液病原菌培养阳性率为58.3%(56/96),革兰阳性菌比例为78.6%(44/56)。革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌占45.5%(5/11)。头孢唑林钠、头孢他啶的经验用药有效率为65.9%(70/106)。表皮葡萄球菌感染共21例次,66.7%(14/21)复发,33.3%(7/21)拔管。 结论本中心的腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的发生率与患者透析龄、文化程度、培训者工龄及血清白蛋白水平密切相关。腹膜炎致病菌以革兰阳性菌为主,其中表皮葡萄球菌所占比例最高,且复发率和拔管率高。     

血清尿酸与维持性血液透析患者死亡的相关性

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血清尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)与心血管疾病(cardiovascular death,CVD)死亡和全因死亡之间的关系。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日在川北医学院附属医院血液净化中心规律透析的MHD患者临床资料,参照2019年中国痛风诊断和治疗指南建议将患者按SUA水平分为四组,比较四组患者一般资料,分析SUA水平与临床指标的相关性,采用Kaplan-Meier方法和Cox风险回归模型来检验MHD患者中SUA水平与全因死亡率和CVD病死率之间的关系。结果 研究共纳入278例患者,年龄(58.61±15.17)岁,透析龄45.00(24.00,72.00)个月,随访时间39.50(22.00,60.00)个月。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,SUA<360μmol/L组患者总生存率和CVD生存率低于其他3组(分别Log-Rankχ²=24.859;P<0.001;Log-Rankχ²=12.7...     

肾移植术后妊娠受者34周前分娩危险因素分析

目的分析肾移植术后妊娠受者34周前分娩危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月期间在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院成功分娩的肾移植受者临床资料。共计有57例受者被纳入研究，按照分娩时妊娠时间是否超过34周将受者分为≤34周分娩组和>34周分娩组，分别为21例和36例。观察肾移植受者原发病、移植妊娠间隔时间、妊娠年龄、孕期免疫抑制剂血药浓度、分娩方式、新生儿出生体重百分位数及Apgar评分等。符合正态分布的计量资料采用成组t检验进行比较，计数资料采用χ²检验进行比较，采用logistic回归分析分娩34周前早产危险因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果57例受者妊娠时平均年龄(31±4)岁(24~42岁)，平均移植妊娠间隔时间为(44±23)个月(14~104个月)。均为剖宫产，平均孕周为(34.2±2.2)周(27.7~37.7周)，新生儿出生时平均1分钟Apgar评分为(8.4±1.9)分(1.0~10.0分)。>34周分娩组新生儿Apgar评分高于≤34周分娩组，分别为(8.9±1.0)、(7.4±2.6)分，差异有统计学意义(t＝3.17，P<0.05)。两组受者妊娠年龄、移植妊娠间隔时间和新生儿出生体重百分位数差异均无统计学意义(t＝-1.28、0.25和-0.68，P均>0.05)。>34周分娩组肾移植受者妊娠年龄<32岁的比例(77.8%)、移植妊娠间隔时间<48个月的比例(66.7%)与≤34周分娩组(81.0%、71.4%)差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝0.08、0.14，P均>0.05)；妊娠期血清肌酐<1.5 mg/dL的比例(94.4%)低于≤34周分娩组(66.7%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²＝7.70，P<0.05)。两组受者妊娠前蛋白尿、妊娠前高血压发生比例差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝0.15、1.13，P均>0.05)，妊娠期高血压和妊娠期糖尿病发生比例差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝4.51、7.54，P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示，妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期血清肌酐≥1.5 mg/dL是肾移植受者分娩34周前早产儿的危险因素(OR＝8.661、12.684和21.562，P均<0.05)。 结论妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期血清肌酐升高与肾移植术后妊娠受者34周前分娩有关。     

尿毒症维持性血液透析短期内死亡的风险预测列线图模型建立

目的:探讨尿毒症维持性血液透析(MHD)短期内死亡的相关危险因素，并建立列线图模型。方法:回顾性分析本院2019年01月—2021年02月收治的180例行MHD治疗的尿毒症患者的临床资料，根据MHD治疗12个月内生存情况分为存活组(155例)和死亡组(25例)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析尿毒症MHD治疗短期内死亡的相关危险因素，并据此建立列线图预测模型。结果:单因素分析结果显示，死亡组年龄≥60岁、高血压、糖尿病、血流量<250 ml/min占比及透析龄、超滤量、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和C反应蛋白水平、平均病程均高于存活组(P <0.05)，死亡组血红蛋白和白蛋白水平均低于存活组(P <0.05);多因素Logistic回归结果显示，年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、超滤量、高总胆固醇、高三酰甘油和高C反应蛋白水平均是尿毒症患者采用MHD治疗短期内死亡的独立危险因素(P <0.05)，而高白蛋白水平均是尿毒症患者采用MHD治疗短期内死亡的独立保护因素(P <0.05);列线图风险模型ROC曲线结果显示Youden指数为0.475,AUC为0.815,95%CI:...     

全髋关节置换术后伤口愈合不良危险因素分析

目的探讨全髋关节置换术后患者切口愈合不良的相关危险因素,为临床决策提供指导。 方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年7月西安交通大学第二附属医院骨关节外科收治的单侧、新发股骨颈骨折、髋关节关节炎及股骨头坏死等并行单侧全髋关节置换或翻修患者,排除合并肿瘤、严重营养不良、经治疗后血糖、血压不能达到标准、合并凝血功能障碍或其他血液系统疾病、近期感染病史及局部皮肤条件较差的患者。根据术后是否发生伤口愈合不良分为两组。比较两组患者之间年龄、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)、术前白蛋白水平、糖尿病、高血压、长期激素应用史、术区多次手术史、手术时间、术前抗凝、术中皮下电刀止血、术后24 h引流量、术后是否输血等相关因素对伤口愈合的影响,应用R语言及Empower Stats统计软件对数据进行分析。依据数据类型,组间比较采用独立样本t检验或卡方检验;利用多因素logistic回归对不同危险因素进行分析,计算各因素比值比(OR)及95%置信区间(CI)。 结果本研究共纳入研究对象432例,其中术后发生伤口愈合不良事件患者43例。年龄(t＝2.907,P<0.05)、BMI(t＝15.399,P<0.001)、糖尿病(χ²＝111.86,P<0.001)、术区多次手术(χ²＝50.135,P<0.001)、长期激素应用史(χ²＝144.31,P<0.001)、手术时间(t＝12.334,P<0.001)及术后是否输血(χ²＝88.725,P<0.001)在两组之间差异有统计学意义。将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的因素及术前白蛋白水平、皮下电刀止血等纳入多因素logistic回归分析中发现,年龄[OR＝1.784,95% CI＝(1.254,2.234),P＝0.006]、BMI [OR＝2.587,95%CI＝(1.647,4.950),P＝0.016],手术时间[OR＝8.643,95%CI＝(2.331,15.471),P＝0.001]及术区多次手术[OR＝3.218,95%CI＝(2.461,4.339),P＝0.041]是全髋关节术后发生伤口愈合不良的独立危险因素。 结论高龄、肥胖、手术时长及术区多次手术是全髋关节置换术后伤口愈合不良发生的独立危险因素,对存在有这些因素的患者,应早期诊断治疗。     

心血管手术相关急性肾损伤患者行连续性肾脏替代治疗后的预后因素分析

目的探讨心血管手术相关急性肾损伤患者行连续性肾脏替代治疗后不同预后的相关因素。 方法本研究纳入2015年1月至2018年12月在南京医科大学第一附属医院住院行心血管手术治疗且接受连续性肾脏替代治疗的患者,按90 d是否死亡和90 d内RRT治疗天数(≤14 d,15～90 d,>90 d)将患者分为4组,分析90 d死亡、90 d透析依赖、90 d延迟摆脱透析的相关影响因素。 结果本研究共纳入210例患者,平均随访400 d。其中90 d死亡114例,90 d生存且14 d内摆脱透析37例,90 d生存15～90 d内摆脱透析46例,90 d生存且透析依赖13例。多因素Cox回归显示：90 d死亡的独立危险因素包括高龄(HR＝1.029,95%CI: 1.013～1.045,P<0.001)、术前血清肌酐低(HR＝0.993,95%CI: 0.987～0.998,P＝0.008)、CRRT前APACHE Ⅱ高评分(HR＝1.043, 95%CI: 1.004～1.084,P＝0.028)、CRRT前SOFA评分高(HR＝1.130, 95%CI: 1.052～1.213,P<0.001)、CRRT前脓毒症(HR＝2.327, 95%CI: 1.591～3.403,P<0.001)、CRRT前过低的舒张压(HR＝0.979,95%CI: 0.963～0.996,P＝0.013)。90 d存活患者透析依赖的独立危险因素包括术前较低的eGFR(HR＝0.962,95%CI: 0.940～0.984,P<0.001)。90 d存活患者中延迟摆脱透析的危险因素有血清白蛋白低(OR＝0.837,95%CI: 0.717～0.977,P＝0.024)、机械通气时间长(OR＝1.434,95%CI: 1.175～1.749,P<0.001)、CRRT前尿量少(OR＝0.739,95%CI: 0.623～0.876,P<0.001)。 结论心血管手术相关急性肾损伤并行连续性肾脏替代治疗患者中,90 d死亡与高龄、CRRT前疾病的严重程度、脓毒症和过低的舒张压有关;90 d存活患者透析依赖与患者术前较差的肾功能有关;90 d存活患者延迟摆脱透析与血清白蛋白低、机械通气时间长、CRRT前尿量少有关。     

初次全髋关节置换术后髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析

目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节疼痛发生影响因素分析。 方法选择2015年1月至2017年9月在四川省巴中骨科医院初次接受全髋关节置换术的完整成年患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。翻修手术、长期慢性疼痛、合并恶性肿瘤、精神疾病等情况的病例排除在外。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数、合并症、置换类型、术前评估、术中指标和术后并发症发生情况等资料。采用单因素和多因素Logistic分析观察患者术后中重髋关节疼痛的发生率及上述资料与髋关节中重度疼痛发生的相关性。 结果共有476例(476例髋)患者纳入研究,中重度疼痛发生率为9.66%。单因素分析显示,置换部位、疾病类型、高血压、吸烟、饮酒不是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛发生的危险因素(P>0.05);性别(χ²＝6.145)、年龄(χ²＝7.847)、身体质量指数(χ²＝14.704)、髋关节活动时间(χ²＝8.043)、糖尿病(χ²＝10.356)、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级(χ²＝10.654)、入路方式(χ²＝6.746)、假体类型(χ²＝5.917)、手术时间(χ²＝5.024)、下肢深静脉血栓(χ²＝11.145)、术后C反应蛋白(CRP)值(χ²＝7.494)是影响初次髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,身体质量指数≥28 kg/m²[OR＝3.224,95%CI (2.059,8.159)]、下肢深静脉血栓[OR ＝6.902,95%CI (4.574,13.589)]是影响全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄≥60岁[OR ＝0.718,95%CI (0.611,0.829)]、关节活动时间>2 d [OR ＝0.624,95%CI(0.417,0.852)]是全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的保护性因素(P<0.05)。 结论初次人工全髋关节置换术后中重度髋关节发生是多因素综合作用的结果,临床应综合考虑这些因素,以降低全髋关节置换术后中重度疼痛的发生。     

维持性血液透析患者发生认知功能障碍的高危因素分析

目的评估维持性血液透析(MHD)患者发生认知功能障碍(CI)的患病率情况并探讨影响认知功能的高危因素。方法选择2017年6月至2018年6月在本院收治的166例MHD患者的临床资料, 采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知功能评分, 收集人口统计学资料及透析前的临床化验指标。根据MMSE将患者分为认知功能正常1组(139例)和认知功能障碍1组(27例), 根据MoCA将患者分为认知功能正常2组(108例)和认知功能障碍2组(58例), 比较患者的临床及实验室指标。结果 MHD患者的MMSE得分为(27.5±3.2)分, CI患病率为16.3%(27例)。MHD患者的MoCA得分为(25.9±3.3)分, CI患病率为34.9%(58例)。认知功能正常1组的文化程度、白蛋白和甲状旁腺素水平高于认知功能障碍1组, 而年龄、合并糖尿病、三酰甘油低于认知功能障碍1组, 差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。认知功能正常2组的文化程度、透析龄、白蛋白、血肌酐高于认知功能障碍2组, 而年龄、合并糖尿病、脑卒中低于认知功能障碍2组, 差异均有统计学意义(...     

腹膜透析患者腹主动脉钙化与外周血淋巴细胞亚群的相关研究

目的 探讨腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)患者腹主动脉钙化(abdominal aortic calcification,AAC)与外周血淋巴细胞亚群之间的关系.方法 收集86例PD患者临床资料,腹部侧位平片判断患者发生AAC的程度,并计算腹主动脉钙化积分(AAC score,AACs),依据患...     

Relationship between endothelial progenitor cells and cardiovascular diseases in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the relationship between the variation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) number and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,and discuss the function of EPC in the progression of CVD in MHD. Methods One hundred and fifteen MHD patients over 18 years whose dialysis vintage was over six months from Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled. They were divided into CVD group and non - CVD group by medical history, electrokardiographie (EKG), cardiac ultrasound, peripheral vascular imaging and cardiovascular imaging. Peripheral blood (5 ml) was collected for detecting EPC number by flow cytometry as CD34/CD133/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) cells. The EPC number between CVD group and non-CVD group was compared. The relationship between the decrease of EPC number and CVD risks in MHD patients was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. In a three-year follow-up, the death and new CVD events of the two groups were compared in order to discuss the relationship between EPC number and adverse events. Results Among 115 MHD patients, the average age was 61.57 ± 12.76, male/female was 71/44, the average dialysis vintage was (86.24 ± 56.31) months, the average Kt/V was 1.69±0.29 and average ultrafiltration volume was (2.48±0.90) L. Forty-four patients in 115 (38.3%) were with concurrent CVD. The EPC number in CVD group was significantly lower than that in non CVD group (P=0.015). The CVD group had higher serum phosphate (P=0.013), higher glycosylated hemoglobin (P＜0.001), but serum calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and other indicators had no significant difference between two groups. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.061), history of diabetes (OR=9.796), dialysis vintage (OR=1.015), serum phosphate (OR=3.766), decrease of EPC number (OR=0.909) were the independent impact factors of CVD events in MHD patients. There were 22 patients of the 115 MHD patients had encountered a new CVD event in a three-year follow-up between December 2012 and December 2015, 9 patients from the CVD group and 13 patients from the Non-CVD group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.776). Nine patients from the CVD group and 7 patients from the Non-CVD group died in the follow-up, and there was no significant difference (P=0.111). Seventy-one MHD patients from the non-CVD group were divided into two groups by the median of EPC number. There were 3 patients in the higher EPC number group encountered CVD events and 10 patients in the lower EPC number group encountered CVD events, which had significant difference (P=0.024). Conclusion The decrease of circulating EPC number may be related with CVD events in MHD patients. Even adjusted by age, sex, diabetes, dialysis vintage and serum phosphate, decreased EPC number is still the independent risk factor of CVD events in MHD patients. The decrease of EPC number in MHD patients may be used to predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events.     

Clinical characteristic and correlative factors of maintenance hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome

Objective To explore the prevalence and the correlative factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods The basic information and clinical laboratory results of 307 MHD patients were collected. The international RLS study group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria were applied to assess the presence and the severity of RLS. Binary logistic analysis was used for exploring correlative factors of RLS. Results The prevalence of RLS was 12.1% in the MHD patients, with 73.0% patients having mild-to-moderate symptoms and 83.8% having chronic RLS. There was no significant difference between MHD patients with and without RLS in age, gender, dialysis age, daily urine, Kt/V, history of smoking, drinking, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), prealbumin, albumin and alkaline phosphatase. But the frequency of daily exercise in RLS group is significantly lower than that in non-RLS group (Z=-4.114, P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that daily exercise was a correlative factor of RLS (B=-2.203, OR=0.111, 95%CI 0.033-0.371, P＜0.001). Conclusions RLS is a common complication in MHD patients, with chronic state and mild-to-moderate symptoms. RLS is correlated with daily exercise, which may be a scientific approach to treat or prevent this disease.     

食管胃结合部腺癌炎性反应和营养状态变化及对预后的影响

目的探讨炎性指标中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比（NLR）、血小板-淋巴细胞比（PLR）和营养状态指标预后营养因子（PNI）、体质量指数（BMI）、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白对于食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）患者预后的影响。 方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2013年4月东南大学附属中大医院溧水分院150例Ⅱ/Ⅲ型AEG手术患者的临床资料,术前1周内获得NLR、PLR、BMI、血红蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白和PNI数据并分组,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各个检测指标的敏感度、特异度、准确性、最佳截断值以及曲线下面积（AUC）,评估其诊断价值;Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-rank检验计算生存率;COX模型来分析患者预后的影响因素。 结果NLR、PLR和PNI的最佳截断值分别是3.5（AUC为0.591,敏感度为26.8,特异度为89.4）、171（AUC为0.531,敏感度为23.6,特异度为81.3）和51.3（AUC为0.599,敏感度为63.1,特异度为57.2）。5年平均生存时间46.3个月,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,前白蛋白<180 mg/L（P<0.001）、NLR>3.5（P<0.001）和BMI<18.5 kg/m²（P<0.001）的AEG患者预后生存时间较短（均P=0.010）。多因素回归分析显示,TNM分期（P<0.001,95%CI=1.739~3.525）、BMI（P=0.011,95%CI=0.564~0.928）、NLR（P<0.001,95%CI=1.617~3.280）和前白蛋白水平（P<0.001,95%CI=0.310~0.592）是影响AEG患者预后的独立危险因素。NLR与患者的肿瘤分型、肿瘤大小有关（χ²=7.156、7.567,P= 0.028、0.023）;BMI与患者年龄、手术时间有关（χ²=7.339、6.414,P=0.025、0.011）;前白蛋白与患者性别、肿瘤大小、分化程度和TNM分期有关（χ²=4.746、13.574、3.888、4.024,P=0.029、<0.001、0.049、0.045）。 结论炎性反应和营养状态会促进Ⅱ/Ⅲ型AEG手术患者的疾病进展,BMI、NLR和前白蛋白水平是影响AEG患者预后的独立危险因素。     

Risk factor analysis of pneumonia in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the risk factors of pneumonia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods The clinical data of patients undergoing dialysis longer than three months at the Hemodialysis Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from July 2013 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into pneumonia group and non- pneumonia group. Follow-up time started from admission to the beginning of hemodialysis. All patients were followed until the patient died, or withdrawn from hemodialysis, or transferred to another center, or until the study deadline (April 2019). Baseline clinical data were compared between the two groups, and the differences in clinical data between the pneumonia group and the baseline were also analyzed. Risk factors for pneumonia in hemodialysis patients was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the survival prognosis of the two groups, and the Log-rank method was used for significant test. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze risk factors for MHD patients' death. Results (1) A total of 311 patients were enrolled in the study, in which 178 (57.2%) of the patients were male, and 75(24.1%) of the patients had pneumonia. Compared with non-pneumonia group, the pneumonia group patients were older (P=0.002), had higher level of white blood cells (P=0.001) and lower level of serum creatinine (P=0.003), albumin (P=0.001), and serum magnesium (P=0.039). There were also statistically significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of females and underlying diseases (all P＜0.05). (2) The time of pneumonia occurred from the initial time of dialysis was (10.69±9.82) months. Compared with baseline values, decreased hemoglobin and albumin level were found (both P＜0.01). (3) Logistic regression analysis showed male patients had lower risk of pneumonia than female patients (OR=0.438, 95%CI 0.242-0.795, P=0.007). For every 1 g/L increase in albumin, the risk of pneumonia was reduced by 6.4% (OR=0.936, 95%CI 0.885-0.991, P=0.022). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the difference in 5-year cumulative survival rate between pneumonia group and non-pneumonia group was statistically significant ( 60.6% vs 84.4%, χ2=16.647, P＜0.001). (4) Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that long dialysis time (HR=0.870, 95%CI 0.832-0.909, P＜0.001) and high serum albumin level (HR=0.898, 95%CI 0.845-0.955, P=0.001) were protective factors in patients with MHD. Pneumonia (HR=3.008, 95%CI 1.423-6.359, P=0.004) was an independent risk factor for death in MHD patients. Conclusions Hemoglobin and albumin level are reduced in MHD patients with pneumonia. Low albumin level is a risk factor for pneumonia in patients. MHD patients with pneumonia have a lower survival time than those without pneumonia.     

肌注维生素D2治疗维持性血液透析患者25羟维生素D缺乏的临床观察

目的分析维持性血液透析患者的血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,探讨肌注维生素D2注射液治疗25羟维生素D缺乏的作用。 方法检测我院2020年12月至2021年2月170例维持性血液透析患者空腹血清25(OH)D水平,根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组和正常组。分析血清25(OH)D水平与患者性别、年龄、透析龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)的相关性。其中86例维生素D缺乏或不足的血透患者,随机分为对照组(n＝43)和治疗组(n＝43),对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予肌注维生素D2 (20万单位,1次/2周),连续3个月。比较患者治疗前后血清25(OH)D、血红蛋白、白蛋白、钙、磷、iPTH水平的变化,并观察不良反应情况。 结果170例患者中,维生素D严重缺乏组33例(19.4%),缺乏组33例(19.4%),不足组70例(41.2%),正常组34例(20%)。男性25(OH)D水平显著高于女性(P<0.05)。正常组与维生素D缺乏组和不足组在透析龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白差异方面均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清25(OH)D与年龄、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素无显著相关性(P>0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,血清25(OH)D与血红蛋白、白蛋白具有相关性(P<0.05)。肌注维生素D2 3月后可使血液透析患者的25(OH)D水平显著上升(P<0.05),同时血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、磷上升(P<0.05),对血钙、iPTH无显著影响(P>0.1)。 结论维持性血液透析患者维生素D缺乏发生率高,血清25(OH)D水平与性别、贫血、营养不良存在密切关系,肌注维生素D2可改善血透患者贫血、营养不良情况,但可能带来血磷升高。     

Investigation of vascular access in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanxi province

Objective To understand the current situation of vascular access selection in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in Shanxi Province, and analyze the factors affecting vascular access selection and risk factors of death in MHD patients. Methods MHD patients with clear vascular access information in Shanxi Province from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data of patients were collected. The vascular access information of the selected candidates was clear. Multivariate logistic regression equation method was used to analyze the influencing factors of vascular access and the risk factors of death in MHD patients. Results Among the 10.236 patients with MHD, 9.130 patients (89.2%) selected autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as vascular access, and 5.138 patients (50.2%) chose tunnel-free and non-polyester sheath central venous catheter (NCC) for the first dialysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the primary disease of diabetic nephropathy (OR=0.517, 95%CI 0.281-0.796, P＜0.001) and dialysis age＜1 year (OR=0.483, 95%CI 0.219-0.811, P＜0.001) were the influencing factors of patients with MHD who did not to choose AVF. Primary disease of diabetic nephropathy (OR=2.242, 95% CI 1.816-2.828, P＜0.001), and using of central vein catheter (OR=1.785, 95% CI 1.237-2.579, P＜0.001) were independent risk factors of death in MHD patients. Conclusions AVF is the first choice for MHD patients in Shanxi Province. There is higher proportion of the use of NCC as the first dialysis vascular access. Primary disease of diabetic nephropathy and dialysis age＜1 year are the influencing factors for MHD patients not to choose AVF. Primary disease of diabetic nephropathy and use of central vein catheter may increase the risk of death in MHD patients.     

Prognostic analysis of aged end-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Objective To compare the survival rates of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and identify their independent prognostic predictors. Methods Patients aging ＞60 years old who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014 were included. Propensity score method (PSM) was applied to adjust for selection bias. Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain survival curves and a Cox regression model was used to evaluate risk factors for mortality. Results 447 eligible patients with maintenance dialysis were identified, 236 with hemodialysis and 211 with peritoneal dialysis. 174 pairs of patients were matched, with the baseline data [age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the primary disease] between two groups showing no significant difference (P＞0.05). Cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events and infection were major causes of death in both groups and there was no significant difference in the causes of death between two groups (P＞0.05). The overall survival rates at 1 and 5 year were 93.6% and 63.4% respectively in HD group, 91.9% and 61.5% in PD group. The differences of total survival rates between HD and PD patients were not significant (P＞0.05). Cox regression analysis showed age(≥80 year) (P＜0.001, HR=1.058, 95%CI 1.028-1.088), diabetic nephropathy (P=0.001, HR=2.161, 95%CI 1.384-3.373), CCI≥5 (P=0.007, HR=1.935, 95%CI 1.201-3.117) were independent prognostic risk predictors in HD patients; age(≥80 year) (P=0.022, HR=1.043, 95%CI 1.006-1.081), serum albumin level ＜ 35 g/L (P=0.025, HR=1.776, 95%CI 1.075-2.934), and prealbumin (P=0.012, HR=0.968, 95%CI 0.944-0.993) were independent prognostic predictors in PD patients. Conclusions The differences of total survival rates between aged HD and PD patients are not significant. Age, diabetic nephropathy, CCI≥5 and age, serum albumin＜35 g/L, prealbumin＞30 g/L respectively influence the survival of elderly HD and PD patients.