关节盘锚固术联合正畸功能性矫治器治疗青少年双侧颞下颌关节盘前移位伴骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形临床效果评价

目的　评价关节盘锚固术联合正畸功能性矫治器治疗青少年双侧颞下颌关节盘前移位伴骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形的临床效果。方法　选取2016年3月至2018年3月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔外科收治的青少年双侧颞下颌关节盘前移位伴骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形患者14例（28侧关节）,收集患者术前及术后随访期间的颞下颌关节MRI和头颅侧位片,对患者术前及术后随访期间的髁突高度及相关头影指标进行测量,比较手术前后的差异并进行统计学分析。结果　MRI测量显示：术后随访髁突高度比术前平均增加（1.74 ± 0.98）mm（P＜0.001）。28侧髁突均有新骨形成,主要位于髁突的顶端和前后缘（占84.61%）。头影指标测量显示：由蝶鞍中心、鼻根点及上齿槽座点所构成的角（SNA角）、软组织鼻根点到经额点且垂直于前颅底平面直线的垂直距离（Sn-G）、Y轴角（Y-Axis）、上中切牙-前颅底平面角（U1-SN）、下中切牙-下颌平面角（L1-MP）及上下中切牙角（U1-L1）手术前后差异无统计学意义;而由蝶鞍中心、鼻根点及下齿槽座点所构成的角（SNB角）比术前增加（1.83±1.56）°（P＜0.001）,下颌颏前点（Gn）术后前移（2.18 ± 3.13）mm（P = 0.028）,前牙覆盖（overjet）比术前平均缩小（3.55 ± 1.86）mm（P＜0.001）。结论　关节盘锚固联合术后正畸功能性矫治器治疗青少年颞下颌关节盘前移位伴骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形,可以促进其髁突生长,减轻牙颌面畸形的程度。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病不同症状患者心理因素调查

目的研究颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）不同症状患者心理社会因素,尤其是焦虑的差别,为心理治疗对策提供试验依据。 方法206例就诊于天津医科大学口腔医院的TMD患者和201名无症状志愿者,填写症状自评量表（SCL-90）和状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）,根据患者主诉分组。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件,采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析对所有数据进行统计学分析。 结果（1）TMD患者SCL-90量表中的躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性因子得分及总分高于无症状志愿者,差异有统计学意义（t_躯体化 = 3.79,P_躯体化 = 0.000;t_抑郁 = 2.14,P_抑郁 = 0.033;t_焦虑 = 2.91,P_焦虑 = 0.004;t_敌对 = 3.93,P_敌对 = 0.000;t_精神病性 = 2.48,P_精神病性 = 0.013;t_总分 = 2.80,P_总分 = 0.005）;女性TMD患者的状态焦虑及特质焦虑得分均高于女性无症状志愿者（t_状态焦虑 = 3.52,P_状态焦虑 = 0.001;t_特质焦虑 = 4.26,P_特质焦虑 = 0.000）,两组男性之间差异无统计学意义（t_状态焦虑 = 0.36,P_状态焦虑 = 0.718;t_特质焦虑 = 0.76,P_特质焦虑 = 0.453）;（2）不同症状TMD患者在躯体化和状态焦虑方面差异有统计学意义（F_躯体化 = 2.714,P_躯体化 = 0.046;F_特质焦虑 = 3.007,P_特质焦虑 = 0.031）,具有单纯疼痛症状者躯体化得分高于单纯弹响患者（P = 0.005）,单纯弹响及疼痛伴弹响患者的特质焦虑得分高于疼痛伴开口受限者（P = 0.016）。 结论TMD患者心理健康水平比无症状人群低,主要表现在躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和精神病性方面。女性TMD患者有明显焦虑特征。单纯疼痛TMD患者躯体化比单纯弹响者更为明显。     

云南地区人群下颌第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙和第一恒磨牙根管解剖形态的锥形束CT分析

目的利用锥形束CT（CBCT）分析云南地区人群下颌第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙和第一恒磨牙根管解剖形态,为临床根管治疗提供理论依据和参考。 方法根据年龄（20 ~ 29岁、30 ~ 39岁、40 ~ 49岁、50 ~ 59岁）分层抽取2017年1月至2018年1月在昆明医科大学附属口腔医院放射科进行CBCT检查的患者的数据资料各100例。400例患者中有324例CBCT数据资料符合标准,其中男166例、女158例,年龄20 ~ 29岁82例、30 ~ 39岁82例、40 ~ 49岁82例、50 ~ 59岁78例。统计分析下颌第一前磨牙、第二前磨牙和第一恒磨牙的根管数目、根管长度和根管弯曲度,并对不同年龄段根管长度、下颌第一磨牙牙尖到根分叉距离及根尖孔到下颌神经管距离数据进行单因素方差分析,对不同性别下颌第一磨牙牙尖到根分叉距离及根尖孔到下颌神经管距离数据进行独立样本t检验。 结果通过对324例患者CBCT影像资料的分析得出,下颌前磨牙基本为单根管（647/648颗）,仅见1例右下第一前磨牙双根管。下颌前磨牙弯曲度以一级弯曲（5° ~ 10°）和二级弯曲（10° ~ 25°）为主,前磨牙根管长度大多处于正常范围（15 ~ 25 mm）,下颌第一恒磨牙弯曲度近远中根均以二级弯曲（10° ~ 25°）为主,下颌第一恒磨牙牙尖到根分叉的距离随年龄增长变短（F_左侧=11.16,P_左侧<0.001;F_右侧=11.51,P_右侧<0.001）,男女性别差异无统计学意义（t_左侧=1.31,P_左侧=0.19;t_右侧=0.51,P_右侧=0.61）;下颌第一恒磨牙根尖孔到下颌神经管的距离随年龄增长变长（F_左侧=7.03,P_左侧<0.001;F_右侧=12.25,P_右侧<0.001）,男女性别差异无统计学意义（t_左侧=-0.64,P_左侧=0.52;t_右侧=-0.11,P_右侧=0.91）。 结论本研究中云南地区人群下颌前磨牙根管解剖形态相对简单;下颌第一恒磨牙根管解剖形态复杂,云南地区人群下颌前磨牙、第一恒磨牙根管解剖系统与其他地区相比有所差异,但增龄性变化无区别,CBCT可为临床根管治疗提供依据。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病关节盘与髁突改变的MRI表现及相关性研究现状

正常的关节盘–髁突关系对于颞下颌关节的健康十分重要，它的改变在临床上具有重要意义。磁共振成像（MRI）被认为是颞下颌关节盘–髁突关系紊乱及软组织形态成像的金标准，被广泛地用于颞下颌关节特征的评估、协助诊断以及治疗方式的选择中。目前多数研究表明颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）早期阶段可能表现为关节盘的前外侧移位、双凹形态的改变。关节盘形态、位置的改变进一步导致髁突长度、高度及旋转角度等发生变化，使疾病向更严重的阶段发展。TMD患者关节盘的位置和形态改变、髁突的解剖学变化与关节盘移位具有相关性，被认为引起是TMD最常见的原因。     

关节盘无移位的症状性颞下颌关节的核磁共振研究

目的：本研究的目的是应用核磁共振成像（MRI）诊断颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD），讨论在关节盘位置正常的TMD关节中的核磁共振影像发现，并探讨这些影像发现与临床症状间的关系。方法：本研究对2000－2002年期间在芬兰欧鲁大学牙学院颌面外科就诊的78名TMD患中，经MRI发现为关节盘位置正常的68侧关节作了影像及临床症状的对比分析。结果：在此68侧关节MRI中，发现了髁突运动异常：过度运动（61.8%）及运动受限（2.9%）；发现了怀疑为翼外肌上头和／或下头的肥大、萎缩及挛缩等病理改变（58.9%）。在关节盘形态方面，未发现明显的关节盘畸形，但发现了关节盘整体变厚的病理影像表现（22.1%），还到涉及关节囊上腔、下腔和／或双板区的炎性渗出（35.3%）。髁突过度运动及翼外肌病理改变与症状组有显性关系。结论：本研究的结果提示，髁突过度运动及可能发生的翼外肌病理改变，在引起关节盘位置正常的颞下颌关节的临床TMD症状中，扮有十分重要的角色。     

青少年骨性Ⅰ类错 畸形拔牙矫治前后面部软组织三维特征变化研究

目的应用3dMD^?面部三维成像系统研究拔牙矫治对青少年骨性Ⅰ类错 畸形面部软组织三维特征的影响,为正畸矫治提供参考。 方法选取2016—2019年期间于中山大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的青少年骨性Ⅰ类患者50例,其中拔牙组25例,非拔牙组25例为对照组,应用3dMD^?收集正畸治疗前后的面部三维图像数据,通过3dMD^? vultus软件测量线距、角度、体积变化,应用SPSS 20.0统计分析软件对各项测量指标的比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果正畸治疗后,在线距方面,拔牙组、非拔牙组前下面高变化量分别为（0.28 ± 2.28）、（1.85 ± 2.18）mm,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.238,P = 0.031）;拔牙组下颌高、颏高、唇宽变化量分别为（-0.52 ± 2.31）、（-1.14 ± 2.64）、（-1.33 ± 3.62）mm,非拔牙组则分别为（1.64 ± 2.42）、（0.93 ± 2.51）、（1.40 ± 2.16）mm,差异有统计学意义（t_下颌高 = -2.878,P_下颌高 = 0.007;t_颏高 = -2.506,P_颏高 = 0.017;t_唇宽 = -2.942,P_唇宽 = 0.006）。在角度方面,拔牙组、非拔牙组鼻唇角变化量分别为4.91° ± 3.12°、1.50° ± 4.26°,差异有统计学意义（t = 2.692,P = 0.011）;拔牙组、非拔牙组颏唇角变化量分别为-0.24° ± 6.83°、4.82° ± 6.50°,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.373,P = 0.023）;拔牙组、非拔牙组唇角变化量分别为-16.80° ± 12.65°、-1.04° ± 11.24°,差异有统计学意义（t = -4.171,P<0.001）。在体积方面,拔牙组、非拔牙组唇部变化量分别为（-0.66 ± 1.24）、（0.46 ± 1.43）cm³,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.584,P = 0.014）;拔牙组、非拔牙组颏部变化量分别为（-0.16 ± 0.94）、（0.65 ± 0.91）cm³,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.766,P = 0.009）。 结论（1）拔牙与非拔牙矫治对患者面下1/3水平向无明显影响,但对面下1/3的垂直向影响有差异,非拔牙较拔牙矫治更易导致面部高度的增加;（2）开唇露齿的青少年患者经拔牙矫治可有效改善颏、唇部形态;（3）对于面部消瘦、颧部凸出的患者,应慎重拔牙矫治。     

145例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的磁共振影像分析

目的 研究145例颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）患者的磁共振（MRI）影像学表现,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 利用MRI对145例TMD患者的290侧关节完成开闭口斜矢状位、闭口斜冠状位T1/T2加权成像,观察盘突关系,髁突骨质改变,关节腔积液,关节盘形态改变等情况,并进行分类统计。结果 MRI检查结果显示：37.2%患者双侧TMD病变,71%患者伴有不可复关节盘前移位,10.3%患者伴有可复性关节盘前移位,6.9%患者伴有髁突骨质改变,4.8%患者伴关节腔积液,52.4%患者伴关节盘明显变形。结论 TMD患者中以关节盘不可复性前移位最为常见,提示正常盘突关系的重要性。MRI可以为临床医师提供可靠的影像学诊断依据。     

青少年单侧颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位对髁突高度的影响

目的 基于磁共振测量,研究青少年单侧颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位对髁突高度的影响。方法 选择2010年1月—2013年6月就诊并行随访观察的单侧颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位青少年患者124例,平均年龄16岁,平均随访时间13.6个月。在磁共振片上测量髁突高度、盘长度及盘移位距离,比较健、患侧以及随访前、后的差异。采用SAS 9.13软件包对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 患侧关节盘移位距离从5.44 mm增大至6.83 mm（P<0.05）;患侧关节盘长度从9.06 mm缩短为8.12 mm（P<0.05）;健侧髁突高度从26.07 mm增加至26.82 mm（P<0.05）;患侧髁突高度从24.22 mm降低为23.81 mm（P<0.05）;健、患侧髁突高度差异从1.85 mm扩大为3.00 mm（P<0.05）。结论 在青少年单侧颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位患者病程中,患侧器质性病变继续进展,可能是单侧关节盘移位患者发生下颌偏斜的主要原因。     

CT测量分析低角型安氏Ⅱ类错成年患者矫治后颞下颌关节的变化

目的比较分析低角型Ⅱ类错成年患者正畸治疗前、后颞下颌关节位置及形态结构的变化,为成人正畸治疗提供参考。方法选取19名成年低角型安氏Ⅱ类错患者,采用自锁托槽矫治技术,于正畸治疗前、后,利用16层螺旋CT,进行颞下颌关节扫描,采用多层面重建（MPR）技术对颞下颌关节进行三维重建及参数测量,对结果进行统计学分析。结果治疗后有20侧髁突处于关节窝内中性位,占52.6%（20/38）;而处于关节窝后位的髁突减少至31.6%（12/38）,二者与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05,掊2 分别为4.41和5.32）。髁突前斜面倾角测量值在治疗后减小了2.32°±1.78°,髁突头高度则增加了（1.07±0.29）mm,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论成年低角型安氏Ⅱ类错患者正畸治疗后,髁突位置及髁突部分骨性结构发生一定程度改变,改变结果使关节结构趋于协调和稳定。     

再定位牙合垫戴入前后颞下颌关节盘和髁突的位置改变

目的测量再定位牙合垫（ARS）戴入前后关节盘和髁突的位置改变,探讨ARS的治疗机制。方法选择22例单侧或双侧可复性颞下颌关节盘前移位患者进行研究,其中关节盘前移位的关节31侧,设为前移位组;关节盘位置正常的关节13侧,设为正常组。分别在闭口位（ARS戴入前）、对刃位和下颌最少前伸位（ARS戴入后）行磁共振成像扫描,测量不同下颌位置时的2组关节的盘突角度、关节盘和髁突位置的变化。结果1）盘突角度：闭口位时前移位组为54.23°,正常组为9.80°;对刃位和下颌最少前伸位时,前移位组的盘突角度多可回复至正常范围。2）关节盘位置：从闭口位至对刃位或下颌最少前伸位,正常组关节盘位置无明显改变,前移位组关节盘明显向后移动。3）髁突位置：从闭口位至对刃位或下颌最少前伸位,髁突在关节窝中向前下方移动,正常组与前移位组比较的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论ARS使髁突向前下方移动,关节盘向后回复。ARS的作用可能是阻止已经向后上方移动而复位的关节盘在闭口过程中再次发生前移位,起到固定作用。     

隐形功能矫治器导下颌向前治疗骨性Ⅱ类安氏Ⅱ类1分类青少年错HE的头影测量研究

目的研究骨性Ⅱ类安氏Ⅱ类1分类错HE畸形青少年患者使用隐形功能矫治器导下颌向前,在矢状向、垂直向及牙齿测量数据方面的改变。 方法选取2018年1月至2021年12月就诊于中山大学附属第三医院口腔正畸科,使用时代天使隐形功能矫治器进行治疗,以下颌后缩为主要病因的骨性Ⅱ类安氏Ⅱ类1分类错HE畸形患者26例[男14例、女12例,年龄（11.4 ± 2.3）岁],调取其导下颌前伸矫治前、后的头颅侧位片进行回顾性研究,对测量结果进行统计学分析,比较功能矫治前后的颌骨及牙齿差异。 结果隐形功能矫治器导下颌向前治疗后A点后移,SNA由（83.5 ± 3.1）°减小到（82.7 ± 2.6）°,差异有统计学意义（t = 2.7,P = 0.013）;B点前移,SNB由（77.7 ± 3.3）°增大到（78.4 ± 3.1）°,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.4,P = 0.027）;ANB由（5.8 ± 1.9）°减小至（4.2 ± 2.1）°,差异有统计学意义（t = 7.5,P<0.001）;U1-SN由（111.1 ± 6.9）°减小到（104.7 ± 7.2）°,差异有统计学意义（t = 9.6,P<0.001）,上前牙内收;L1-MP由（99.7 ± 5.5）°增加到（102.3 ± 6.7）°,差异有统计学意义（t = -3.3,P = 0.003）,下前牙唇倾。垂直向U6-PP、L6-MP分别由（19.6 ± 1.9）、（27.6 ± 3.0）mm增加到（20.3 ± 2.4）和（28.8 ± 3.4）mm,差异有统计学意义（t_U6-PP = -3.1,P_U6-PP = 0.004;t_L6-MP = -5.3,P_L6-MP<0.001）,表明上、下后牙牙槽高度伸长;面下1/3比值ANS-Me/N-Me由（52.6 ± 1.4）%增高至（53.5 ± 1.5）%,差异有统计学意义（t = -5.5,P<0.001）;下颌平面角GoGn-SN由治疗前（31.1 ± 5.8）°增加至（32.1 ± 6.0）°,差异有统计学意义（t = -2.1,P = 0.046）。 结论对生长发育高峰期的骨性Ⅱ类安氏Ⅱ类1分类错HE畸形患者使用无托槽隐形矫治器导下颌向前,可促进颌骨矢状向改建,改善面型,同时协调面下1/3的比例。     

Evaluation of temporomandibular joint in patients with hemifacial microsomia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate positional relationships between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components, including the articular discs, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty TMJs in 10 patients with HFM were examined at closed- and open-mouth positions using an MRI scanner. The condyle-fossa and disc-condyle relationships, disc configuration at the closed-mouth position, and the reduction of the disc at the open-mouth position were evaluated. RESULTS: On the unaffected side, the condyle-fossa and disc-condyle relationships appeared fairly normal at the closed mouth position. The disc-condyle relationship at the open-mouth position was also normal. The TMJ disc showed normal biconcave configurations at both closed- and open-mouth positions. On the affected side, there was considerable variation in the state of the TMJ. At the closed-mouth position, 5 of the 10 patients revealed fairly normal disc-condyle relationships, one patient showed anterior displacement of the disc, and four patients had no disc. Two patients appeared biconcave, three patients appeared biplanar, and one patient was hemiconvex. At the open-mouth position, the condyle and disc moved in harmony in five patients with normal disc-condyle relationships, but the disc was reduced in a patients with anterior disc displacement. The degree of the TMJ disc dysplasia did not necessarily correspond with the degree of mandibular dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The present study contributes to an improved understanding of TMJ pathology in patients with HFM. The results suggest that, in HFM patients, the examination of the TMJ using MRI is helpful for determining treatment procedures in mandibular distraction osteogenesis.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular joint disorders

Fifty-eight temporomandibular joints (TMJs) from 40 patients with TMJ-related symptoms were examined by means of magnetic resonance scans with modified gradient echo sequences and a special double coil. This technique yielded a good spatial resolution of the intra-articular soft tissues, especially the articular disc and the bone structure of the TMJ. In combination with an incremental jaw opener, the disc-condyle complex was analysed in various closed and open mouth positions, depending on the clinical examination. Open mouth movement with differentiation of disc-condyle rotational and translation movement was demonstrated. Disturbances of TMJ motion showed interrupted condylar translation combined with mandibular deviation during open mouth movement (n = 8/58). Early phases of internal derangement of the TMJ with partial anterior disc displacement with (n = 12/58) or without (n = 2/58) reduction, total anterior disc displacement without reduction (n = 10/58), disc deformation (n = 10/58), disc adhesion (n = 2/58), condylar hypermobility (n = 6/58), condylar displacement (n = 8/58), and late phases of internal derangement of the TMJ with osteoarthrosis (n = 14/58) were clearly identified. Bilateral TMJ disorder was found in 72.5 per cent of the patients. By using motion-adapted, semi-dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is possible to improve the understanding of the complexity of TMJ movements.     

Disc-condyle Relationships during Class II Treatment with the Functional Mandibular Advancer (FMA)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to verify the effects of treatment to correct Class II malocclusion with the Functional Mandibular Advancer (FMA) on the relative positions of the articular disc and mandibular condyle. In particular, we aimed to find out whether the disc-condyle relationship changed between baseline and post-treatment, in temporomandibular joints initially exhibiting a physiological relationship and alternatively, in temporomandibular joints initially presenting anterior displacement of the articular disc. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Treatment progress in 15 patients was monitored at defined points in time by manual structural analysis (MSA) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The disc-condyle relationship was assessed by examining the parasagittal MR images made up of three slices each (lateral, central, medial) taken in habitual intercuspation and maximum-open mouth position. The MR images were metrically analyzed to determine the sagittal positional relationship of the articular disc and mandibular condyle using two methods on the central slices of the images taken in closed-mouth position. MSA was used in particular to determine the disc-condyle relationships and to metrically record the extent of active movement of the mandible during mouth opening, protrusion, laterotrusion, and retrusion. RESULTS: Comparison of baseline and post-treatment findings revealed that none of the joints exhibited a treatment-induced deterioration in the disc-condyle relationship, while the relationship improved in five joints. After categorization of the joints according to groups according to disc position, metric analysis of the MR images showed significantly-improved post-treatment disc positions in the joints that had initially exhibited anterior disc displacement. Post-treatment findings for maximum-open mouth position, protrusion, and laterotrusion corresponded to the baseline values recorded before bite-jumping, and the extent of maximum active retrusion increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Functional jaw orthopedics for correction of skeletal Class II with the rigid fixed FMA leads to side-effects reflected in the disc-condyle relationship in the temporomandibular joints: no adverse effects were observed in joints presenting an initial physiological disc-condyle relationship, whereas the disc position may improve in joints with initial partial or total anterior disc displacement. In comparison with the baseline findings, we observed no post-treatment restriction in the extent of maximum mouth opening, protrusion, and left and right laterotrusion. Maximum active retrusion increased due to the treatment. MR imaging and MSA only partly cover the same aspects of temporomandibular joint diagnostics.     

The temporomandibular joint and the disc-condyle relationship after functional orthopaedic treatment: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Causative correction of Class II skeletal malocclusions may be achieved through bite jumping by various means. Numerous animal experiments have yielded evidence of remodelled temporomandibular structures after mandibular protrusion. However, the mode and extent of structural and/or topographic changes of the disc-condyle relationship after functional orthopaedic treatment is still unresolved. A problem exists in defining the physiological position of the condyles and disc-condyle relationship, which is tentatively determined by various methods particularly in magnetic resonance tomographic studies. Despite the high resolution provided, the results have to be interpreted with caution, as osseous resorption and apposition cannot be assessed by visual evidence. This investigation examined the impact on the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), i.e. the condylar shape and position, and the disc-condyle relationship, of the bionator plus extra-oral traction in combination with vertical elastics. The underlying reactions were studied by means of magnetic resonance images (MRI) obtained from n = 15 successfully treated patients (mean age 11.6 years).     

手法复位联合Twin-Block咬合板治疗急性颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位的临床效果评价

目的探讨手法复位联合Twin-Block咬合板治疗急性颞下颌关节盘不可复性前移位（ADDWoR）的预后及效果。 方法2020年6月至2021年6月,对就诊于广州医科大学附属口腔医院颞下颌关节科的52例急性颞下颌关节ADDWoR患者进行手法复位及佩戴Twin-Block咬合板治疗。记录治疗前及治疗6个月后张口度、疼痛状态视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Fricton指数、影像学检查,使用配对t检验对比治疗前、后的数据评价治疗效果。 结果全部52例患者中有4例治疗失败。48例患者治疗6个月后张口度为（44.1 ± 3.3）mm,与治疗前的（25.2 ± 2.2）mm相比差异具有统计学意义（t = 30.934,P<0.001）;治疗6个月后VAS评分（0.15 ± 0.41）与治疗前（2.02 ± 0.67）差异具有统计学意义（t = 15.931,P<0.001）;治疗后6个月关节功能障碍指数（0.06 ± 0.07）较治疗前（0.37 ± 0.04）有显著降低,差异有统计学意义（t = 36.544,P<0.001）,治疗后6个月颞下颌关节紊乱指数（0.04 ± 0.03）较治疗前（0.21 ± 0.03）降低,差异有统计学意义（t = 31.435,P<0.001）;磁共振成像（MRI）检查结果显示,盘-髁关系恢复正常者5例、可复性前移位27例、ADDWoR不伴张口受限16例。 结论手法复位联合Twin-Blcok咬合板治疗急性颞下颌关节ADDWoR能较好改善患者张口度、缓解疼痛症状和恢复颞下颌关节的功能。     

The efficacy of anterior repositioning splint therapy studied by magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were obtained of 52 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 30 patients with TMJ disease, before insertion of an anterior repositioning splint. Ten TMJs showed a normal disc-condyle relationship. Pathological findings were partial or complete anterior disc displacement with disc reduction (n = 18), without (n = 7), or with partial reduction (n = 4) or non-reducing joints combined with osteoarthrosis (n = 13). Associated clinical findings were joint clicking, painful TMJ movements with or without condyle limitation, deviation, or crepitus. The clinical evaluation when compared with the MRIs correlated in 75 per cent of cases. Immediate post-insertion MRIs showed recapture of discs with a protrusive splint in 15 out of 18 reducing displacements. Recapture of the disc was seen in only two out of four joints with anterior disc displacement with partial disc reduction. There was no recapture in non-reducing joints. In severe cases of internal derangement with a wide range of disc displacement combined with changes of the osseous joint surfaces, the recapturing of the articular disc with an anterior repositioning appliance was unsuccessful (0 of 13). The follow-up for pain relief after one week showed a significant reduction of symptoms, despite the fact that recapture of the dislocated disc occurred in only 17 of the 42 pathological TMJs. The possibility for disc recapture depends on the disc-condyle position and configuration, the integrity of the posterior attachment, and the degree of degenerative changes of the intra-articular structures, such as osteophytosis, condylar erosion, or flattening of the articular disc. This diagnostic information influences the method of treatment of TMJ disorders. In non-reducing joints or in the later stages of internal derangement of the TMJ, it is not possible to achieve a normal disc-condyle relationship using protrusive splints.     

MRI of TMJ in patients with severe skeletal malocclusion following surgical/orthodontic treatment

The aim of this study was to evaluate temporomandibular joints (TMJ) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who had undergone surgical/orthodontic or orthodontic treatment in a three-year follow-up study. Subjects consisted of 20 patients (40 TMJ), 16 females and four males (mean age 33.7 years, range 19-53 years), with severe temporomandibular disorders (TMD) referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at Oulu University Hospital due to skeletal jaw discrepancy. All patients underwent extensive surgical/orthodontic or orthodontic treatment between 1996 and 2003. Clinical stomatognathic examination and MRI examinations were performed before the surgical/orthodontic or orthodontic treatment and one year after the completion of the treatment. The average treatment time was 23 months (range 12-34 months). MRI revealed a marked decrease, especially in the number of TMJ with joint effusion after the treatment. There were only a few changes in the number of diagnosed disk dislocations before and after the treatment. In five joints with anterior disk dislocation with reduction (r-ADD), a change to anterior disk dislocation without reduction (nr-ADD) was found. In 25 of the 40 condyles, the condylar configuration was normal on MRI before the treatment and in 19 condyles one year after the treatment. TMD signs and symptoms according to the Helkimo dysfunction index showed a statistically significant decrease after the treatment.