贲门癌侵及食管下段患者术后胃食管反流的治疗研究

目的探讨贲门癌侵及食管下段患者术后胃食管反流的治疗方法。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸外科行手术治疗的216例贲门癌侵及食管下段的患者临床资料,随访2～18个月(中位数8个月),并观察恢复状况。 结果216例贲门癌侵及食管下段患者中,95例患者术后出现胃食管反流,其中26例患者反流症状较明显,经口服药物及行为干预治疗后患者胃食管反流症状均能得到缓解。 结论术中将胸胃缩小缝合形如食管,重建食管裂孔,能有效起到抗反流作用,结合术后药物及行为干预治疗,可以显著缓解贲门癌侵及食管下段患者术后胃食管反流的临床症状。     

贲门癌术后胸腔内残余食管胃功能的研究

目的 探讨贲门癌术后胸腔内残余食管胃的功能变化情况.方法 选取研究对象56例,其中对照组15例为健康志愿者,行食管腔内压力测定和24 h pH监测;术后组41例为贲门癌切除术后患者,行上消化道X线钡餐造影、食管腔内压力测定和24h pH监测,分析其临床意义.结果 测压显示41例患者术后吻合口压力明显低于对照组食管下括约肌和残余食管压力(P<0.05),术后组残余食管静息压均明显高于对照组食管静息压和胸腔内胃的静息压(P<0.05),食管体部蠕动收缩压术后组低于对照组;24 h食管pH监测结果表明,两组间pH<4的立位、卧位和总时间及反流次数与时间均存仵显著差异(P<0.01),卧位与立位pH<4的总时间有显著差异(P<0.01);术后组上消化道X线钡餐造影显示胸腔内胃体部无蠕动性收缩且胃排空延迟.结论 贲门癌术后存在食管反流,反流的发生与术后胃排空延迟有一定关系.     

胸腔胃通路成形术的临床应用研究

目的探讨食管贲门癌切除术后胸腔胃通路成形术预防吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和抗食管反流的效果.方法采用食管贲门癌切除术后的胸腔胃通路成形术即食管胃粘膜套入吻合、贲门"His角”成形术及幽门成形术治疗食管贲门癌36例.其中食管癌28例食管鳞癌25例,食管腺癌2例,食管腺鳞癌1例.贲门癌8例贲门腺癌6例,贲门鳞癌2例.结果36例患者无1例出现吻合口漏,术后4wk复查X线钡透显示,钡剂通过顺畅,无反流性,吻合口在1cm～2cm.电子内镜下显示,吻合口无狭窄,食管粘膜无糜烂.随访1a～2a无胸骨后疼痛及烧灼感,吞咽顺利,未感有吻合口狭窄,饮食量均恢复到平常水平,其中26例体重稍有增加结论胸腔胃通路成形术中的食管胃粘膜套入吻合术暴露良好,粘膜对合整齐,缝合准确,吻合口径增宽,对预防吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄有显著效果.贲门"His角”成形术及幽门成形术,有利于胃潴溜液的排空,且在胃潴溜液过多时对粘膜吻合口有压迫闭合作用,从而产生良好的抗食管反流作用.     

胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜手术治疗的疗效报告

目的探讨胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜手术治疗的临床效果及安全性。方法对89例胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将行腹腔镜手术治疗的52例患者作为观察组,将行开腹手术治疗的37例患者作为对照组,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后胃肠道功能恢复情况等。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、胃肠道功能恢复时间、抗生素使用时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后5个月患者RDQ各症状评分均低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05)。结论胃食管反流病合并食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜手术治疗效果确切,具有创伤小、术中出血量少等优势,利于减少术后并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,是一种安全、可靠的治疗方式。     

食管胃前壁吻合联合幽门成形在早期贲门癌术中的临床体会

目的:探讨早期贲门癌近端胃切除后两种不同消化道重建方式对患者术后生活质量的影响.方法:将105例早期贲门癌患者按消化道重建方法采用单盲随机原则分为观察组(食管胃前壁吻合联合幽门成形)(55例)和对照组(食管胃后壁吻合联合唇式包埋)(50例),术后随访6 mo,比较两组手术时间,住院时间,术后反流性食管炎、吻合口狭窄情况.结果:两组均达到临床治愈.观察组和对照组手术时间,术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(151.00 min±6.03 min vs 149.00min±7.02 min,16.15 d±3.13 d vs 15.27 d±3.06 d,P0.05);观察组发生反流性食管炎和吻合口狭窄的比例明显低于对照组[18.2%(10/55)vs 56.0%(28/50)、1.8%(1/55)vs 22.0%(11/50)](P0.05).结论:近端胃切除术后消化道重建采用食管胃前壁吻合联合幽门成形是比较理想的方法.     

胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管中段癌患者术后胃食管反流的影响

目的探讨胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管中段癌术后患者胃食管反流的影响。 方法选取2015年9月至2017年3月,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院并行食管癌切除术31例食管中段癌患者的临床资料。根据手术方式分为2组,即接受胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术15例（观察组）,接受胃食管吻合术16例（对照组）,术后2周待患者恢复正常的胃肠道功能后采用pH动态监测仪对其进行24 h pH监测,术后1、3、6、12个月依据胃食管反流病调查问卷（GerdQ）对患者的胃食管反流相关症状进行评分,比较2组患者术后胃食管反流发生情况。 结果2组患者均未出现死亡病例,且术后均未发生有吻合口瘘及胸胃排空障碍等并发症;观察组患者术后2周24 h酸反流次数显著少于对照组、最长酸反流时间和pH值<4的总时间短于对照组,DeMeester评分显著低于对照组,组间比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组术后3、6、12个月胃食管反流病调查问卷（GerdQ）评分显著低于对照组,组间比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论胃食管吻合术联合Nissen胃底折叠术对食管癌切术后的胃食管反流病情起到更为理想的控制效果,为食管中段癌患者术中吻合术式的选择提供一定参考价值。     

食管胃黏膜吻合成形术的实验研究

贲门癌术后普遍存在食管胃反流。为探讨抗反流术式，2001年5月至2002年5月，我们自行设计了食管胃黏膜延长吻合成形术，并以杂种犬为动物实验研究对象。现将动物实验结果报告如下。     

抗反流黏膜切除术治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病的临床探究

目的 探究抗反流黏膜切除术（ARMS）治疗食管裂孔疝伴胃食管反流病的疗效。方法 回顾性分析19例2017年9月至2018年6月于宁夏回族自治区人民医院消化内科行ARMS治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病患者的病例资料。结果 19例患者术后均未发生出血、穿孔、感染等并发症。术后第3~4天,1例患者出现胸痛,2例患者感反酸、烧心,1例患者出现进食哽噎感,该4例患者经常规治疗3 d后症状自行好转。结论 ARMS治疗食管裂孔疝伴重度胃食管反流病的安全有效,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜Nissen和Toupet胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的术后效果评价

目的探讨腹腔镜Nissen和Toupet胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的疗效和术后并发症。 方法回顾性分析2014年7月至2016年7月,在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术的57例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者的临床资料,其中24例行Nissen胃底折叠术式(Nissen组),33例行Toupet胃底折叠术式(Toupet组)。观察并比较2组患者的术后抗反流效果及发生术后并发症情况。 结果57例均顺利完成腹腔镜下手术,无中转开腹,手术时间68～115 min,平均手术时间(75.8±6.4)min;术中出血量15～30 ml,平均出血量(22±5)ml;2组患者均使用补片行食管裂孔疝修补术;术后24 h进流食,术后平均住院日(10.5±3)d。2组患者手术时间,出血量,住院日无明显差别。57例患者均得到随访,随访时间为6个月至2.5年,平均随访时间为18个月。术后均未出现反酸,烧心等胃食管反流病典型症状,无复发病例。Nissen组术后有2例(8.2%)患者出现吞咽困难,Toupet组术后有8例(24.2%)出现吞咽困难,Toupet组术后并发症发生率明显高于Nissen组。术前伴有胃食管反流病的患者行胃镜检查均有不同程度的食管炎症,所有患者术后均复查胃镜、食管测压及食管24 h pH值监测。复查结果显示,2组患者术后较术前食管下括约肌压力均有明显改善,食管下括约肌长度也均明显延长。 结论腹腔镜下Nissen术式在术后出现吞咽困难发生率上少于Toupet术式,但2种术式抗反流效果无明显差异。     

改良ARMS对难治性胃食管反流病的治疗效果及对炎症指标和术后并发症的影响

目的 探究改良内镜下抗反流黏膜切除术（ARMS）对难治性胃食管反流病（RGERD）的治疗效果及对炎症指标和术后并发症的影响。方法 选择2021年1月至2022年6月舟山医院收治的60例RGERD患者作为研究对象。采用随机数表法将患者分为试验组和对照组,每组各30例。试验组行改良ARMS治疗,对照组行ARMS治疗。记录2组的手术相关指标,根据治疗后患者的临床症状及胃十二指肠镜检查结果评估临床疗效。应用咽喉反流症状指数量表（RSI）和安德森吞咽困难量表（MDADI）评估患者的咽喉反流和吞咽情况。比较2组的C反应蛋白（CRP）、IL-6和白细胞计数（WBC）水平。分别于术前和术后6个月行胃镜检查,对患者的胃食管阀瓣进行Hill分级。应用胃食管反流病健康相关生存质量量表（GERD-HRQL）评估患者的生存质量。采用门诊和电话的方式于患者术后进行随访,比较2组的术后并发症情况。结果 试验组的治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组（83.33%）,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组的手术时间较长,术后1个月和6个月的RSI指数均较低,而MDADI评分均较高,术后1周和2...     

Risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases and after antireflux surgery.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux has been proposed as an important risk factor for esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, but prospective data are lacking. Furthermore, the effect of antireflux surgery has not yet been studied. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to fill these gaps. METHODS: A cohort of 35,274 male and 31,691 female patients with a discharge diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux diseases, and another cohort of 6406 male and 4671 female patients who underwent antireflux surgery, were identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register. Follow-up was attained through record linkage with several nationwide registers. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was used to estimate relative risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers, using the general Swedish population as reference. RESULTS: After exclusion of the first year follow-up, 37 esophageal and 36 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas were observed among male patients who did not have surgery (SIR, 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5-8.7; SIR, 2.4, 95% CI, 1.7-3.3, respectively). SIR for esophageal adenocarcinoma increased with follow-up time (P = 0.03 for trend). Among male patients who had undergone antireflux surgeries, risks were also elevated (16 esophageal adenocarcinoma, SIR, 14.1, 95% CI, 8.0-22.8; 15 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas, SIR, 5.3, 95% CI, 3.0-8.7) and remained elevated with time after surgery. The cancer risk pattern in women was similar to that for men, but the number of cases were much smaller. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroesophageal reflux is strongly associated with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and to a lesser extent, with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. The risk of developing adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia remains increased after antireflux surgery.     

Effect of cholecystectomy on gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux

OBJECTIVE: The majority of patients experience resolution of their symptoms after cholecystectomy, but a minority either find their symptoms unchanged or complain of new upper GI symptoms. It has been suggested that the effect of cholecystectomy on upper GI motility, sphincter function, or bile delivery may account for these postoperative symptoms. We aimed to determine whether cholecystectomy affects gastroesophageal reflux or duodenogastric reflux by using 24-h ambulatory pH and gastric bilirubin monitoring before and after surgery. METHODS: Seventeen symptomatic patients with gallstones underwent 24-h ambulatory esophageal and gastric pH-metry and gastric bilirubin monitoring. Helicobacter pylori status was ascertained in all patients by 14C urea breath test and serology. Combined pH and bilirubin monitoring was repeated 3 months after cholecystectomy. Eleven healthy subjects served as a control group. RESULTS: Three (17%) patients complained of persistent or new symptoms after surgery, whereas 14 (83%) patients were asymptomatic. Two patients (12%) underwent open cholecystectomy, and (88%) had the operation performed laparoscopically. No significant differences were detected in esophageal acid exposure (pH < 4), gastric alkaline shift (pH > 4), or gastric bilirubin exposure (absorbance > 0.14) after surgery. Three (17%) patients tested positive for Helicobacter pylori; the presence of infection did not appear to affect pre- or postoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: Cholecystectomy does not result in increased bile reflux into the stomach or increased gastroesophageal acid reflux. Those patients who had increased postoperative duodenogastric reflux were entirely asymptomatic. The symptoms of postcholecystectomy syndrome are unlikely to be related to increased duodenogastric reflux after surgery.     

Radiofrequency energy delivery to the gastric cardia inhibits triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs

BACKGROUND: Delivery of radiofrequency energy to the lower esophageal sphincter and gastric cardia is a new endoluminal technique proposed for the treatment of reflux disease. The mechanisms by which it achieves its effects are unclear. The study assessed the effect of radiofrequency energy delivery to the gastric cardia on the triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and gastroesophageal reflux in dogs. METHODS: In 13 dogs, esophageal motility and pH were measured for 1 hour after a standard liquid meal and air infusion, as well as before and 3 months after radiofrequency energy treatment. At 7 months, histologic evaluation of the gastroesophageal junction was performed. RESULTS: Radiofrequency energy delivery reduced the frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations from 4.0 (3.0-6.75) (median [interquartile range]) per hour to 3.0 (2.0-3.0) per hour (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in acid reflux episodes and esophageal acid exposure. Basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing were unchanged. There was a 63% increase in wall thickness at the gastric cardia compared with that in 2 control dogs, but no gross or histopathologic abnormalities of the esophageal or gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency energy delivery to the gastric cardia in dogs inhibits the triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and thereby reduces gastroesophageal reflux.     

胃食管反流病胃肌电活动的变化

目的 分析描述胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的胃肌电活动特点,探讨胃肌电活动的变化在GERD发病中的作用,以期有助于临床诊疗.方法 对65例GERD患者和30例健康志愿者进行餐前、餐后体表胃电图监测.根据内镜检查结果,把GERD患者分为反流性食管炎(RE)组、非糜烂性反流病(NERD)组,行组间胃电参数比较,随访19例胃电节律异常的GERD患者,观察治疗前后胃电参数的变化.结果 GERD组的主频(DF)正常慢波节律百分比(N%)、餐前餐后功率比(PR)与对照组相比明显降低(P<0.05或0.01).胃电节律紊乱,以胃动过缓为主.经1周治疗后,GERD异常胃电参数明显正常化(P<0.05或0.01).餐前RE组胃电节律异常的发生率(37.5%)显著高于NERD组(12.1%).餐后胃电节律异常的发生率RE组和NERD组分别为71.9%和60.6%,两者没有统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 GERD患者存在餐前、餐后胃肌电活动异常,异常胃电节律以胃动过缓节律为主,胃电图能为GERD诊断提供依据.     

Clinical significance of hiatal hernia in the development of gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and sliding hernia is controversial, especially following distal partial gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and sliding hernia of the esophagus after distal gastrectomy using the gastroesophageal scintigraphy and endoscopy. METHODS: Forty-five distal gastrectomy patients diagnosed with cancer of the stomach were studied. Twenty-five patients presented with reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and/or regurgitation and 20 patients exhibited no reflux symptoms. All of the patients were examined by gastroesophageal scintigraphy and their reflux indices were determined. Thirty-eight of the patients underwent upper endoscopy and both sliding hernias and reflux symptoms were classified as mild or severe. RESULTS: Sliding hernias were diagnosed in all of the subjects and 65.8% of the patients exhibited reflux symptoms. Evidence of endoscopic esophagitis was noted in only 39.5% of the patients. The reflux indices for the mild and severe hernia groups were 5.03 +/- 2.2 and 10.3 +/- 6.4, respectively (P < 0.05). More severely symptomatic esophagitis was prevalent in the severe hernia group in comparison to the mild group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the onset of gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy is induced by the surgical procedures and that hiatal hernia may be an important factor in the etiology of reflux esophagitis.     

胃黏膜下层食管胃黏膜单层吻合法的抗反流效果观察

目的观察经胃黏膜下层食管胃黏膜单层吻合法的抗反流效果。方法采用经胃黏膜下层食管胃黏膜单层吻合法施行食管癌、贲门癌手术305例。术后行X线吞钡、胃镜和食管pH检查。结果术后无1例早期死亡,未发生吻合口瘘,2例出现轻度胃食管反流。结论经胃黏膜下层食管胃黏膜单层吻合法具有明显的抗反流优势,且效果确切、可靠。     

Prevalence and Histological Features of the Gastric Cardia-type Mucosa in Children

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the presence of gastric cardia in adults (with or without inflammation or intestinal cells) is a metaplastic condition. The presence of gastric cardia in children would argue against this contention. We examined the presence and determinants of gastric cardia-type mucosa at a normally located z-line in children without underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-predisposing disorders. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of consecutive pediatric patients undergoing routine upper endoscopy. We excluded patients with coagulopathy or bleeding disorder, prior gastric or esophageal surgery, major congenital disorders, or neurodevelopmental disorders. Biopsies were obtained with the endoscope in the anterograde position within 5 mm below the endoscopic z-line, and were examined for the presence of gastric cardia-type mucosa, defined as both mucous and oxynto-mucous glands. RESULTS: Eighteen (47%) of 38 subjects has gastric cardia mucosa. There were no significant differences in age, gender, or race between patients with and without gastric cardia-type mucosa. There were no differences between the groups in weight and height either at birth or at the time of endoscopy, in the mother's age at childbirth or history of peripartum problems. There were no differences in symptoms suggestive of reflux such as spitting up or difficulty of gaining weight. Neither history of gastroesophageal testing nor histological esophagitis (38% versus 40%) was different between the groups with and without gastric cardia-type mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric cardia-type mucosa is unlikely to be a metaplastic condition since it is present in a large proportion of children undergoing endoscopy. Neither histological esophagitis nor GERD symptoms are significantly associated with the presence of gastric cardia-type mucosa.     

Gastric surgery is not a risk for Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The contribution of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux to the development of Barrett's esophagus has remained an interesting but controversial topic. The present study assessed the risk for Barrett's esophagus after partial gastrectomy. METHODS: The data of outpatients from a medicine and gastroenterology clinic who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any reason were analyzed in a case-control study. A case population of 650 patients with short- segment and 366 patients with long-segment Barrett's esophagus was compared in a multivariate logistic regression to a control population of 3047 subjects without Barrett's esophagus or other types of gastroesophageal reflux disease. RESULTS: In the case population, 25 (4%) patients with short-segment and 15 (4%) patients with long-segment Barrett's esophagus presented with a history of gastric surgery compared with 162 (5%) patients in the control population, yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 0.89 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.54-1.46 for short-segment and an adjusted odds ratio of 0.71 (0.30-1.72) for long-segment Barrett's esophagus. Similar results were obtained in separate analyses of 64 patients with Billroth-1 gastrectomy, 105 patients with Billroth-2 gastrectomy, and 33 patients with vagotomy and pyloroplasty for both short- and long-segment Barrett's esophagus. Caucasian ethnicity, the presence of hiatus hernia, and alcohol consumption were all associated with elevated risks for Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric surgery for benign peptic ulcer disease is not a risk factor for either short- or long-segment Barrett's esophagus. This lack of association between gastric surgery and Barrett's esophagus suggests that reflux of bile without acid is not sufficient to damage the esophageal mucosa.