Cancer Incidences in Urban Delhi - 2001-05

The Delhi Population based cancer registry collects data on new cancer cases diagnosed among Delhi urbanresident population. The sources for cancer registration are more than 162 government hospitals/centers and250 private hospitals and nursing homes. During the period 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2005 a total of54,554 cases were registered of which 28,262 were males and 26,292 were females. The age adjusted (worldpopulation) incidence rates were 116.9 per 100,000 for males and 116.7 per 100,000 for females. The leading sitesof cancer among Delhi males was lung (ASR: 13.8 per 100,000) followed by oral cavity (ASR:11.4), prostate(ASR:9.0) and larynx (ASR:7.9). In females, breast (ASR: 30.2 per 100,000) was the most common site ofcancer, followed by cervix uteri (ASR:17.5), ovary (ASR:8.5) and gallbladder (ASR:7.4). The incidence of prostatecancer in males and ovary cancer in females in Delhi were the highest among the Indian registries, while larynxamong males was the second highest and the gallbladder cancer in females was the highest among Indianmetropolitan cities.     

Cancer Incidences in Rural Delhi - 2004-05

There are no data available on cancer incidence pattern in rural Delhi. This is the first report on cancerincidence among Delhi Rural population during 2004-05 which gives the first hand information on cancerincidence. The data for this report has been collected by Delhi Population based cancer registry. The sources forcancer registration are more than 162 Government Hospitals/centers and 250 private hospitals and nursinghomes. A total of 594 cancer cases with 317 males and 277 females were registered during the period 1st January2004 to 31st December 2005. The age adjusted (world population) incidence rates for all sites were 55.2 per100,000 for males and 47.7 per 100,000 for females. The leading sites of cancer among Delhi Rural males wasoral cavity (ASR: 8.0 per 100000) followed by lung (ASR: 6.5), larynx (ASR: 4.0) and bladder (ASR: 4.1). Infemales cervix uteri (ASR: 10.3 per 100,000) was the most common site of cancer followed by breast (ASR: 7.8),gallbladder (ASR: 3.5) and ovary (ASR: 3.3). The overall incidence rates of cancer in Delhi Rural werecomparatively very less than Delhi Urban. A statistically significant difference was also found between DelhiRural and Delhi Urban in incidence rates (ASR) for first four common sites. The rates in Delhi Rural are alsocomparatively lower than other rural registries situated in India.     

Time Trend in Breast and Cervix Cancer of Women in India, (1990-2003)

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) started a National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP)in the year 1982 with the main objective of generating reliable data on the magnitude and pattern of cancer inIndia. There are about 20 Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) which are currently functioning underthe network of NCRP. The present paper aims to provide the time trends in the incidence of breast and cervixcancer among females of India. The incidence data collected by Bangalore, Barshi, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi andMumbai over the period 1990 to 2003 formed the sources of data. In the year 1990, cervix was the leading site ofcancer followed by breast cancer in the registries of Bangalore (23.0% vs. 15.9%), Bhopal (23.2% vs. 21.4%),Chennai (28.9% vs. 17.7%) and Delhi (21.6% vs. 20.3%), while in Mumbai breast was the leading site of cancer(24.1% vs. 16.0%). By the years 2000-3, the scenario had changed and breast had overtaken as the leading siteof cancer in all the registries except in Barshi (16.9% vs. 36.8%). The time trend analysis for these sites suggesteda significant decreasing trend in the case of cervix in Bangalore and Delhi registries, while the registries ofBhopal, Chennai and Mumbai did not show any significant changes. However, in the case of breast cancer, asignificant increasing trend was observed in Bhopal, Chennai and Delhi registries with Bangalore and Mumbairegistries demonstrating no such significant changes. Histopathologic confirmation for both malignancies wasfound to be more than 80% in these registries. It is concluded that in India the cervix cancer rates are decreasingwhile breast cancer is on the increase.     

Temporal Trends of Cancer Incidence in Vietnam, 1993-2007

Purpose: There is a lack of an overview of overall and site-specific cancer incidence time trends in Vietnam,especially for the period after the year 2000. This paper aims at describing the development of cancer incidencefor some cancer sites during 1993-2007. Methods: The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of cancer incidence datafrom population based cancer registries of Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh and Cantho cities were used to analyze temporarytrends of cancer incidence by site, age and sex group. Results: The ASR of cancer incidence increased from151.1/105 in the period 1993-1998 to 160.0/105 in the period 2006-2007 for males and from 106.8/105 to 143.9/105for females. By age, the highest ASR was found in the group of 75+ years in males and between 70-74 yearsin females, with ASRs of 1,109/105 and 619/105, respectively (2006-2007). Lung remains the most frequent site,followed by stomach and liver in males. In females, the most commonly affected site has shifted from cervixuteri in 1993-1998 to breast in recent years, followed by stomach and lung. Increasing trends were observed inincidence rates of 21 out of 34 cancer sites in males and 27 out of 35 cancer sites in females. Conclusion: Cancerincidences in general have continuously increased during 1993-2007. More efforts should be concentrated ondeveloping and implementing tobacco-related cancer prevention interventions.     

Incidence of cancer in Nairobi,Kenya (2004–2008)

Cancer incidence rates are presented for the Nairobi Cancer Registry, a population‐based cancer registry (PBCR) covering the population of the capital city of Kenya (3.2 million inhabitants in 2009). Case finding was by active methods, with standard and checks for accuracy and validity. During the period 2004–2008 a total of 8,982 cases were registered comprising 3,889 men (an age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 161 per 100,000) and 5,093 women (ASR 231 per 1,00,000). Prostate cancer was the most common cancer in men (ASR 40.6 per 100,000) while breast cancer was the most common among women (ASR 51.7 per 100,000). Cervical cancer ranked the second most common cancer among women in Nairobi with an ASR of 46.1 per 100,000, somewhat lower than those of other registries in East Africa region. Breast and cervical cancers accounted for 44% of all cancers in women. Cancer of the oesophagus was common in both sexes, with a slight excess of cases in men (sex ratio 1.3). Unlike other regions in East Africa, the rate of Kaposi sarcoma was relatively low during the period (men 3.6/100,000; women 2.0/100,000). Although incidence rates cannot be calculated for the early years of the registry, the increase in relative frequency of prostate cancer and declines in frequency of Kaposi sarcoma may indicate underlying trends in the risk of these cancers.     

Trends in cancer incidence in rural Eastern Cape Province; South Africa, 1998–2012

There are few cancer trend data reported in sub‐Saharan Africa notably due to the scarcity of population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs). The Eastern Cape Province PBCR is amongst the few registries in sub‐Saharan Africa that reports data for a rural population. Trends in cancer incidence are reported for the period 1998–2012. Registered cases, age‐standardized rates (ASRs) and standardized rate ratios are presented for the most common cancers in both males and females in three periods (1998–2002, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012). In males, the most commonly diagnosed cancer during the 15 year period was cancer of the oesophagus; incidence rates showed a significant decline over the 15 year period, entirely due to a 30% decrease between 2003–2007 and 2008–2012, to an ASR of 23.2 per 100,000 population. This was followed by prostate cancer, the incidence of which was more than doubled to a level of 9.9/100,000. In women, cancer of the cervix uteri has become the most common malignancy, with a significant increase in incidence during the period to 29.0/100,000. Oesophageal cancer is second in frequency, with (as in males) a significant decline in the final 10 years to an incidence of 14.5/100,000 in 2008–2012. The incidence of breast cancer increased by 61%, although the absolute rate remains low (12.2/100,000). The incidence rates of colorectal cancer are low, and the increases in incidence, although relatively large (35% in men, 63% in women) were not statistically significant. Kaposi sarcoma showed a dramatic increase in incidence in both sexes (3.5‐fold in men, 11‐fold in women) although the incidence remains relatively low by southern African standards. Cancer prevention and control activities in the area need to be informed by these data and strengthened.     

浙江省开化县2009～2012年恶性肿瘤发病分析

[目的]分析开化县恶性肿瘤流行特征和发展趋势,为开展恶性肿瘤综合防治提供依据。[方法]收集整理开化县2009~2012年恶性肿瘤发病资料,计算恶性肿瘤发病的粗率、累积率（0~64岁、0~74岁）、截缩率（35~64岁）、年龄别率以及前10位恶性肿瘤发病顺位和构成、不同年份发病趋势等。采用1982年中国标准人口构成和Segi’s世界人口构成分别计算中国和世界人口年龄标化发病率。[结果]2009~2012年开化县恶性肿瘤粗发病率为211.33/10万,中标率为138.64/10万。男女性年龄别发病率均随年龄增长而上升。男性发病率高于女性,性别比为1.58。发病率前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、脑瘤、白血病、宫颈癌和淋巴瘤,占全部发病的77.99%;男性和女性中居第1位的恶性肿瘤均为肺癌。2009~2012年恶性肿瘤粗发病率呈上升趋势,但中标率却呈现波动趋势。[结论]开化县居民恶性肿瘤发病率处于全国的较低水平。肺癌、消化系统肿瘤、乳腺癌和宫颈癌是开化县肿瘤防治的重点。     

Epidemiology of breast cancer in Indian women

Breast cancer has ranked number one cancer among Indian females with age adjusted rate as high as 25.8 per 100,000 women and mortality 12.7 per 100,000 women. Data reports from various latest national cancer registries were compared for incidence, mortality rates. The age adjusted incidence rate of carcinoma of the breast was found as high as 41 per 100,000 women for Delhi, followed by Chennai (37.9), Bangalore (34.4) and Thiruvananthapuram District (33.7). A statistically significant increase in age adjusted rate over time (1982–2014) in all the PBCRs namely Bangalore (annual percentage change: 2.84%), Barshi (1.87%), Bhopal (2.00%), Chennai (2.44%), Delhi (1.44%) and Mumbai (1.42%) was observed. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratio was found to be as high as 66 in rural registries whereas as low as 8 in urban registries. Besides this young age has been found as a major risk factor for breast cancer in Indian women. Breast cancer projection for India during time periods 2020 suggests the number to go as high as 1797900. Better health awareness and availability of breast cancer screening programmes and treatment facilities would cause a favorable and positive clinical picture in the country.     

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence in Delhi,India 1988-2012: Age-Period-Cohort and Joinpoint Analyses

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) has been one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, both in termsof new cases and mortality. Exponential growth of economic and industrial activities in recent decades in the Delhiurban area may have increased the incidence of LC. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the time trendaccording to gender. Method: LC incidence data over 25 years were obtained from the population based urban Delhicancer registry. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied for evaluating the time trend of age-standardized incidencerates. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was employed using Poisson distribution with a log link function and theintrinsic estimator method. Results: During the 25 years, 13,489 male and 3,259 female LC cases were registered,accounting for 9.78% of male and 2.53% of female total cancer cases. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that LCincidence in males continued to increase during the entire period, a sharp acceleration being observed starting from2009. In females the LC incidence rate remained a plateau during 1988-2002 and thereafter increased. The cumulativerisks for 1988-2012 were 1.79% and 0.45%. The full APC (IE) model showed best fit for an age-period-cohort effecton LC incidence, with significant increase with age peaking at 70-74 years in males and 65-69 years in females. Arising period effect was observed after adjusting for age and cohort effects in both genders and a declining cohort effectwas identified after controlling for age and period effects. Conclusion: The incidence of LC in urban Delhi showedincreasing trend from 1988-2012. Known factors such as environmental conservation, tobacco control, physical activityawareness and medical security should be implemented more vigorously over the long term in our population.     

Breast Cancer in Iraq,Incidence Trends from 2000-2009

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy of women worldwide. In Iraq, breast cancer ranksfirst among cancers diagnosed in women but no studies have been conducted on incidence trends. The presentstudy of breast cancer in the country during 2000-2009 was therefore performed. Materials and Methods: Theregistered data for breast cancer cases were collected from the Iraqi Cancer Registry/Ministry of Health. Thesignificance of incidence rate trends during 2000-2009 was tested using Poisson regression. Age-standardizedrates (ASR), and age-specific rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Results: A total of 23,792 incidentbreast cancer cases were registered among females aged ≥15 years, represented 33.8% of all cancers in femalesregistered during 2000-2009. It ranked first in all the years. The median age at diagnosis was 49 and the mean agewas 52 years. The incidence rate of all female breast cancer in Iraq (all ages) increased from 26.6 per 100,000 in2000 to 31.5 per 100,000 in 2009 (APC=1.14%, p<.0001). The incidence in age groups (40-49), (50-59) and (70+)increased in earlier years and has recently (2005-2009) become stable. The incidence in age group (60-69) didnot decline since 2003, while the incidence rates in the age group (15-39) started to decline in 2004. Conclusions:With the Iraqi Cancer Registry data during the period 2000-2009, the incidence of all female breast cancer inIraq (all ages) has risen. We found rapid increase in the age specific incidence rate among age group 60-69.However, breast cancer among Iraqi women still affects younger age groups than their counterparts in developedcountries. Further epidemiological research is needed to examine possible causes and prevention measures.     

2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区口腔癌

[目的]分析2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民口腔癌的发病、死亡情况,为该地区口腔癌防治提供基础信息.[方法]收集湖南省肿瘤登记地区2009～2012年口腔癌发病、死亡数据,计算口腔癌的发病率、死亡率、顺位、0～74岁累积率等指标,中标率的标准人口采用2000年全国人口普查的人口构成,世标率的标准人口使用的是Segi's世界人口构成.[结果] 2009～2012年湖南省6个肿瘤登记点共收集口腔癌新发病例297例(其中男性226例,女性71例),死亡病例108例(其中男性90例,女性18例).病理诊断率89.90％,只有死亡医学证明书比例0.67％,死亡,发病比为0.36.全省口腔癌发病率2.94/10万,中标率为2.36/10万,世标率2.27/10万,0～74岁累积率为0.25％.男性口腔癌发病率是4.33/10万,女性为1.45/10万,粗发病率和标化率男性均高于女性.城市地区口腔癌发病率是3.85/10万,而农村为2.58/10万,粗发病率和标化率城区均高于农村.2009～2012年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民口腔癌死亡率为1.07/10万,死亡中标率为0.81/10万,死亡世标率0.79/10万,0～74岁累积率为0.09％.城市地区口腔癌死亡率是1.12/10万,农村为1.05/10万,死亡粗率和标化率城区均高于农村.男性口腔癌死亡率是1.72/10万,女性为0.37/10万,死亡粗率和标化率男性高于女性.[结论]口腔癌是威胁湖南省40岁以上男性居民身体健康的恶性肿瘤之一,这部分人群应注意采取口腔癌的预防措施.     

Cancer Incidence and Mortality: District Cancer Registry,Trivandrum, South India

Background: Cancer is emerging as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. Cancer registry figures help for planning and delivery of health services. This paper provided the first results of cancer incidence and mortality [Crude (CR) and age-standardized (ASR)] rates (world-standard population) of Trivandrum district, South India and compared with other registries under the network of National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP), Government of India. Materials and Methods: Trivandrum district cancer registry encompasses a population of 3.3 million, compiles data from nearly 75 sources (hospitals and diagnostic laboratories) and included under the NCRP in 2012. During 2012-2014, registry recorded 15,649 incident cases and 5667 deaths. Proportion of microscopic diagnosis was 85% and ‘Death certificate only’ was 8%. Results: Total cancer incidence (CRs) rates were 161 and 154 (ASR: 142.2 and 126) and mortality rates were 66 and 49 (ASR: 54 and 37) per 105 males and females respectively. Common cancers in males were lung (ASR:19), oral cavity (ASR:15), colo-rectum (ASR:11.2), prostate (ASR:10.2) and lymphoma (ASR:7) and in females, breast (ASR:36), thyroid (ASR:13.4), cervix-uteri (ASR:7.3), ovary (ASR:7) and colo-rectum (ASR:7). Nationally, the highest CRs for breast, prostate, colo-rectum, corpus-uteri and urinary bladder cancers and low incidence of cervix-uteri cancer were observed in Trivandrum. Conclusion: Cancer incidence (CR) in Trivandrum was the highest in both genders in India (except Aizwal). This is mainly due to the highest life-expectancy in Kerala. Also, an epidemiologic transition in cancer pattern is taking place and is changing to more similar to "western" jurisdictions.     

Paediatric Retinoblastoma in India: Evidence from the National Cancer Registry Programme

Background: Globally, retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy occurring inchildren. This paper documents the recent incidence rates of retinoblastoma by age and sex groups from thePopulation Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) of Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi and Kolkata using thedata from the National Cancer Registry Programme. Materials and Methods: Relative proportions, sex ratio,method of diagnosis, and incidence rates (crude and age standardized) for each PBCR and pooled rates of thefive PBCRs were calculated for the years 2005/06 to 2009/10. Standard errors and 95% confidence limits ofASIRs by sex group in each PBCR were calculated using the Poisson distribution. Standardised rate ratios ofASIR by sex group and rate ratios at risk were also calculated. Results: The maximum retinoblastoma caseswere in the 0-4 age group, accounting for 78% (females) and 81% (males) of pooled cases from five PBCRs. Thepooled crude incidence rate in the 0-14 age group was 3.5 and the pooled ASIR was 4.4 per million. The pooledASIR in the 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 age group were 9.6, 2.0 and 0.1 respectively. The M/F ratio in Chennai (1.9) andBangalore PBCRs (2.0) was much higher than the other PBCRs. Among the PBCRs, the highest incidence ratein 0-4 age group was found in males in Chennai (21.7 per million), and females in Kolkata (18.9 per million).There was a distinct variation in incidence rates in the PBCRs in different geographic regions of India.     

启东市1972~2011年乳腺癌发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年乳腺癌发病变化趋势,为乳腺癌预防控制提供依据。[方法]根据启东市1972-2011年癌症发病登记数据库,对乳腺癌发病率作年龄、时间趋势分析,计算指标包括粗发病率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等。[结果]1972-2011年启东男女性乳腺癌共发病3452例,粗发病率为7.68/10万,占全部癌症发病的3.72%,位居癌症发病第6位。中标率和世标率分别为4.65/10万和6.13/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为15.31/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为0.64%;乳腺癌发病的累积风险为0.64%。男女性乳腺癌发病性别比为1∶62.93。女性乳腺癌位居女性癌症发病的第4位,粗率、中标率和世标率分别为14.94/10万、9.00/10万和11.78/10万。女性乳腺癌的发病率随年龄的增加而升高,35-岁组进入增长期,50-岁组达到发病率高峰,为37.10/10万。40年间女性乳腺癌发病的粗率、中标率和世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为269.74%、73.80%和81.48%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为3.38%、1.21%和1.31%。各时期女性乳腺癌发病率显示25-34岁年龄组的升降趋势不明显,35-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均有上升趋势。年龄-出生队列方法分析女性乳腺癌,显示40-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均呈上升趋势。[结论]启东近40年来女性乳腺癌发病率有上升趋势,40岁以上的女性是乳腺癌防治的重点。     

Epidemiological Pattern of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women: Is there an Ethnic Disparity?

Introduction: Northeastern Iran is known as a high risk area of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Recent reportshave suggested a declining trend for these cancers as well as an increase in the incidence of other malignanciesincluding breast cancer. Our present aim was to describe the epidemiological pattern of breast cancer in thisregion during 2004-2009. Methods: All new cancer cases from public and private diagnostic and therapeuticcenters of Golestan province were registered. A structured questionnaire was prepared and used based on thestandards of the International Association of Cancer Registries. The international classification of diseases foroncology was considered for coding. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) of breast cancer were calculated.Results: A total of 11,038 new cancer cases were registered during 2004-2009, of which, 1,101 (10%) were femaleswith breast cancer. The median age of the breast cancer patients was 46 years. The ASR for breast cancer was 28per 100,000 person-years. We found an unusual rapid increase in breast cancer rate at the age of 25 years. TheASR of breast cancer was significantly lower in females from Turkmen ethnicity and those from rural areas (Pvalue <0.01). Conclusion: Our study showed high rate of breast cancer in Golestan province of Iran. We foundan unusual peak of breast cancer in young women. So, the age of starting screening programs may need to berevised in this area. The rate of breast cancer was significantly lower in women from Turkmen ethnicity. Furtherstudies are warranted to clarify the role of important determinants, especially regarding the ethnic disparity,on breast cancer in this region.     

2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征分析

背景与目的：恶性肿瘤严重威胁着居民健康，已成为重大的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述和分析2015年上海市恶性肿瘤流行特征。方法：根据上海市恶性肿瘤病例报告登记系统收集的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡资料，按地区、性别分层，分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等，并应用Joinpoint统计软件分析2002—2015年上海市肺癌发病和死亡趋势，估算总体和分阶段的年度变化百分比（annual percent change，APC）。采用Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成计算标化率。结果：2015年上海市共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例71 610例，死亡病例38 445例。病理学诊断比例（percentage of morphologically verified cases，MV%）为78.42%，只有死亡医学证明书比例（percentage of death certifications only，DCO%）为0.21%，死亡发病比（mortality to incidence ratio，M/I）为0.55。上海市恶性肿瘤粗发病率为497.33/10万，标化发病率为228.82/10万，男性标化发病率低于女性，市区低于郊区。恶性肿瘤发病在40岁以后快速上升，在80~84岁年龄组达到高峰。全市发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤以及膀胱癌，前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤发病的76.59%。全市恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为267.00/10万，标化死亡率为95.99/10万，男性标化死亡率高于女性，市区和郊区基本持平。死亡率在45岁以后快速上升，在≥85岁年龄组达到高峰。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌以及脑和中枢神经系统肿瘤，前10位恶性肿瘤占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的78.07%。截至2016年12月31日，上海市共有399 027例现患肿瘤病例，现患率为2.77%。市区现患率为3.07%，郊区为2.55%。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤，占15.33%。现患病例生存达5年的占50.90%。肺癌是上海市发病和死亡均位居第1位的恶性肿瘤。Joinpoint趋势分析显示，2011年男性和女性肺癌发病率均出现拐点。男性肺癌发病率在2002—2011年期间显著下降，APC为-1.34%（P<0.001），自2011年起显著上升，APC为3.30%（P<0.001）；女性肺癌发病率在2002—2011年期间无明显变化趋势，较为平稳，2011—2015年期间呈快速上升趋势，APC达15.25%（P<0.001）。与发病率变化不同，2002—2015年间上海市男性肺癌死亡率呈缓慢持续下降趋势，APC为-0.72%（P=0.03），女性无明显变化趋势。与2002年相比，2015年男性和女性肺癌诊断时期别为Ⅰ期的病例比例和腺癌比例均明显上升。男性肺癌诊断时期别Ⅰ期比例由2002年的3.96%上升到2015年的11.08%，女性由3.72%上升至23.57%。男性腺癌比例由2002年的15.81%上升到2015年的34.46%，女性由28.76%上升至66.08%。结论：肺癌、消化系统恶性肿瘤、甲状腺癌和女性乳腺癌仍是威胁上海市居民健康的主要癌种。乳腺癌是现患病例中最常见的恶性肿瘤。自2011年开始，男性和女性肺癌发病率显著上升，提示与低剂量螺旋CT广泛应用有一定关系，但需更多数据和研究支持。     

2010—2016年广西肿瘤登记地区肝癌发病和死亡分析及变化趋势

目的 分析2010—2016年广西肿瘤登记地区肝癌发病和死亡特征及其变化趋势,为广西制定肝癌防控措施提供依据.方法 收集2010—2016年广西肿瘤登记地区上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡资料,计算肝癌发病率、死亡率、构成比、0～74岁累积率、35～64岁截缩率,按地区(城市/农村)、性别和年龄分层.采用2000年中国人口普查...     

Trends in Female Breast Cancer by Age Group in the Chiang Mai Population

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine incidence trends of female breast cancer according to age groups and to predict future change in Chiang Mai women through 2028. Method: Data were collected from all hospitals in Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, from 1989 through 2013, and used to investigate effects of age, year of diagnosis (period) and year of birth (cohort) on female breast cancer incidences using an age-period-cohort model. This model features geometric cut trends to predict change by young (groups. Result: Of 5, 417 female breast cancer patients with a median age of 50 years (interquartile range: 43 to 59 years), 15%, 61% and 24% were young, middle-aged and elderly, respectively. Seventy nine percent of cancer cases in this study were detected at advanced stage. The trend in stage classification showed an increase in percentage of early stage and a decrease in metastatic cancers. Linear trends for cohort and period were not found in young females but were observed in middle-aged and elderly groups. Age-standardized rates (ASR) can be expected to remain stable around 6.8 per 100,000 women-years in young females. In the other age groups, the ASR trends were calculated to increase and reach peaks in 2024 of 120.2 and 138.2 per 100,000 women-years, respectively. Conclusion: Cohort effects or generation-specific effects, such as life style factors and the year of diagnosis (period) might have impacted on increased incidence in women aged over 40 years but not those under 40 years. A budget should be provided for treatment facilities and strategies to detect early stage cancers. The cost effectiveness of screening measures i.e. mammographic screening may need to be reconsidered for women age over 40 years.     

Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia: 2012 Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry

Background: In order to most appropriately allocate healthcare and research funding for cancer, it is important to have accurate population-based incidence data. The Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) provides such information, covering the time period from 1994 to the present day. The current report concerns an overview of cancer incidence statistics for Saudi Arabia in 2012. Methods: The SCR collects data from healthcare facilities throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All newly diagnosed cases of cancer are recorded, with information on site and histology. For the present report, age-standardised and age-specific incidence rates (ASR, AIR, respectively) were calculated, with attention to gender-specific and regional differences. Results: The total number of incident cases of cancer identified by the SCR in 2012 was 14,336, with 6,791 (47.5%) among males and 7,545 (52.6%) among females. Of this total, 11,034 cases (76.9%) occurred in patients of Saudi origin. For Saudi males, the overall ASR (inc. all cancer sites) was 78.1 per 100,000 people, while that for females was 86.7. Incidence varied by region, with the Eastern region and Riyadh displaying the highest ASRs for both males and females, and Hail and Jazan displaying the lowest. Incidence varied by gender, with colorectal cancer (13.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 8.4%), and leukaemia (8.2%) being the most common types in males, and breast (25.8%), thyroid (11.7%), and colorectal cancers (9.3%) being the most common in females. Conclusions: This analysis of cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia demonstrated significant differences according to gender, age, and region of the Kingdom. The data should help ensure the most appropriate allocation of resources, with the aim of minimising the healthcare burden associated with cancer.     

Epidemiological distribution and incidence of different cancers in Kashmir valley--2002-2006

There are no population-based data available on cancer pattern in Kashmir and our study is the first kind which represents the trend in cancer pattern in the valley. The source of our data were cancer patients registered in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, and Department of Radiation Oncology, SMHS, Srinagar during the period Jan 2002 to Dec 2006. These are leading medical centres in the valley and draw most all of cancer patients from all over Kashmir for treatment. During the period a total of 6,943 cases were registered of which 4,345 were males and 2,598 were females. The age standardized incidence rates were 34.9 per 100,000 for males and 24.8 per 100,000 for females. Oesophagus was the leading site of cancer in both sexes (male ASR 11.2; female ASR 8.3) followed by lung (ASR 6.5), brain (ASR 2.2) and head and neck (ASR 2.2) in males and breast (ASR 5.2), skin (ASR 1.6) and rectum (ASR 0.95) in females. The incidence of cervical cancer in females and prostate cancer in males was lower in Kashmir as compared to other Indian registries. Overall cancer incidence was significantly lower and cancer patterns were markedly different in Kashmir. The observed cancer pattern indicates that awareness campaigns, life style and dietary habit changes, tobacco-control measures and early detection of breast cancer are very important for cancer control in this population.