心脏介入诊疗术后股动脉血管不同止血方法的并发症及防范

目的通过对经股动脉行心脏介入诊疗术后采用不同止血方法患者的常见并发症观察，探讨其防范技巧。方法对283倒经股动脉行心脏介入诊疗（选择性冠状动脉造影及支架植入术）术后采用常规绷带加压包扎、Angioseal血管缝合器及动脉压迫器止血后发生并发症的成因进行分析。结果．经股动脉途径行心脏介入治疗术后并发症主要是穿刺部位出血，表现为出血、血肿，腹膜后出血或血肿，假性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘，主要原因是穿刺部位过高或过低，血管损伤。过度抗凝和压迫止血不当所致。结论股动脉准确穿刺、术中轻柔操作、准确压迫动脉鞘管进入血管口及松紧适度是减少并发症的主要预防措施，根据病人的具体情况选择适当的股动脉心脏介入诊疗术后压迫止血方法可以减少并发症的发生。     

股动脉穿刺介入术后应用动脉止血贴压迫止血的多中心随机对照研究

目的 评估股动脉穿刺介入术后使用动脉止血贴压迫止血的安全性及临床有效性.方法 本试验采用多中心、随机、对照的研究方法,在3个分中心选取经股动脉穿刺进行介入造影或治疗的患者,随机分为试验组(止血贴组)和对照组(手工压迫组).比较2组的压迫止血时间、制动时间和血管并发症发生率等指标.结果 3个分中心共入组患者1 158例(试验组和对照组各579例),2组患者年龄、性别构成比与血压差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组与对照组比较,压迫时间及下肢制动时间均显著缩短[(4.69±1.15) min vs (6.15±2.74) min,(4.96±2.35) h vs (19.07±6.47) h,P 值均＜0.01];介入治疗后,试验组并发症发生率为3.4%,对照组3.3%,差异无统计学意义( P＞0.05 ).结论止血贴可有效缩短按压止血时间及下肢制动时间,并发症的发生率与传统压迫止血方法相似.     

肝癌患者介入术后应用动脉封堵止血贴的临床观察与护理

目的观察和总结肝癌患者介入术后应用股动脉封堵止血贴的临床效果及护理方法。方法随机入选100例行股动脉介入穿刺行介入治疗的肝癌患者,其中50例应用股动脉封堵止血贴作为观察组(甲组),50例采用传统人工压迫加压包扎法作为对照组(乙组),观察两组的按压时间,止血后穿刺点的处理,患者卧床姿势、下床活动的时间,患者的舒适度,及出院前穿刺点并发症发生的情况。结果甲组止血时间明显短于乙组,卧床时间减少,两组局部压迫止血时间分别为(6.1±0.5)min和(14.8±3.0)min,卧床时间分别为(6.0±0.5)h和(24.0±2.0)h两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论经股动脉介入治疗后应用动脉封堵止血贴止血迅速、出血少,医师止血操作和患者肢体制动时间明显缩短,术后不适症状发生率降低,值得临床推广。     

“威派”止血贴在股动脉穿刺点止血中的应用

目的 探讨“威派”止血贴在股动脉穿刺点止血中的应用价值.方法 2010年5月至2012年5月收治行经股动脉穿刺介入诊疗患者320例,根据使用的穿刺鞘不同分为5 F(180例)和7 F(140例)两组,每组再随机分为观察组和对照组两亚组,对照组采用传统的徒手压迫法,观察组采用“威派”止血贴压迫止血.观察比较观察组和对照组患者的压迫时间、制动时间、卧床时间、皮下渗血、皮下血肿、腰背部酸痛、需导尿患者的发生率.结果 在5F鞘组中,对照组与观察组的压迫、制动、卧床时间及腰背部酸痛、需导尿患者的发生率分别为(8.1±2.2)min比(5.1±0.3)min、(8.3±0.5)h比(2.3±0.4)h、(20.3±2.6)h比(7.5 ± 1.6)h、41.1％比10％,4.4％比0,两亚组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);皮下渗血、皮下血肿发生率分别为2.2％比1.1％,1.1％比0,两亚组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在7F鞘组中,对照组与观察组的压迫、制动、卧床时间及皮下渗血、皮下血肿、腰背部酸痛、需导尿患者的发生率分别为(164±6.8)min比(9.1±3.7)min、(8.8±1.3)h比(4.7±0.7)h、(22.6±4.3)h比(9.1±1.7)h、30.0％比12.9％、8.6％比2.9％、47.1％比11.4％和5.7％比0,两亚组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).5F和7F两组患者均无严重并发症发生.结论 “威派”止血贴不但止血迅速、疗效确切,而且还能提高患者舒适度及对介入治疗的接受度,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

股动脉穿刺置管术后快速手法压迫止血的体会

目的探讨股动脉穿刺置管术后快速手法压迫止血的止血效果及并发症。方法总结了一套快速手法压迫止血的方法(平均止血时间约2 min),并对324例行介入股动脉穿刺置管患者术后立即进行快速手法压迫止血,术后1 d对患者穿刺点周围的皮肤观察并行相应的触诊检查。结果 324例经股动脉穿刺置管介入术后患者均用了快速手法压迫止血,其中4例患者穿刺点周围皮下片状淤青,余患者穿刺点周围未见明显淤青,其有效止血率高达98.8%(320/324)。320例患者中6例患者穿刺点周围出现局部皮肤轻度压伤,未予处理1周后均自行修复。结论股动脉穿刺置管介入诊疗术后快速手法压迫止血是一种省时、省力、安全、经济、可重复、环保、实用的止血方法。     

StarClose血管闭合器封闭股动脉穿刺点的临床应用

目的 介绍使用StarClose血管闭合器的临床经验.方法 78例外周血管介入治疗患者术后使用StarClose血管闭合器闭合股动脉穿刺点,16例患者在同一穿刺部位多次使用闭合器,观察其止血成功率和血管并发症.2 min内完全停止渗血的病例,设定为止血成功,渗血时间超过2 min需要徒手压迫止血的病例,则设定为止血失败.结果 闭合器的平均操作时间为(30±10)s,平均止血时间为(12±11)s.止血成功率为96%,在同一穿刺部位多次使用闭合器的止血成功率为100%.所有止血成功患者术后2 h身体无需制动.无任何严重并发症.3例患者术后12 h发现穿刺点皮下少量渗血,轻微并发症的发生率为3.2%.结论 外周血管介入治疗患者术后使用StarClose血管闭合器可以安全、有效地闭合股动脉穿刺点,在同一穿刺部位可以多次使用StarClose血管闭合器.     

经股动脉行介入诊疗术后股动脉止血贴的应用

目的观察经股动脉行介入诊疗术后股动脉穿刺点应用股动脉止血贴（V＋PAD）的临床效果。方法应用随机排列表随机入选80例行冠状动脉介入诊疗的患者,其中偶数应用止血贴共40例作为试验组,奇数应用徒手压迫不使用止血贴共40例作为对照组。所有患者均签订知情同意书。观察两组的按压时间、止血后穿刺点的处理、患者卧床姿势、下床活动时间、患者的舒适度、出院前穿刺点并发症情况。结果两组患者年龄、性别构成比、激活凝血时间和血压差异均无统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但试验组和对照组的压迫时间分别为（7.9&#177;0.5）min和（19.8&#177;5.1）min,卧床时间分别为（6.1&#177;5.0）h和（23.9&#177;0.2）h,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）。试验组所有患者在拔管后即刻均采用床头抬高30&#176;卧位,1h后将床头抬高90&#176;,常压包扎,不制动,所有患者舒适度明显提高。试验组有1例比较肥胖的女性发生假性动脉瘤,其余入选患者在住院期间均未出现穿刺处并发症。结论股动脉止血贴止血迅速,效果确切,患者舒适度明显提高,减轻了医护人员的工作量,可以在临床大规模推广应用。     

改良国产YM-GU型动脉压迫止血器的临床应用

目的 评价改良国产YM-GU型动脉压迫止血器在经股动脉脑血管造影术后止血的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析2009年5月-2012年3月接受经股动脉脑血管造影术196 例患者,前94例为A组(对照组),采用YM-GU型动脉压迫止血器止血;后102例为B组(观察组),采用改良YM-GU型动脉压迫止血器止血,观察患者介入术后穿刺部位并发症、止血时间、制动时间及止血成功率.结果 A组出现穿刺部位并发症26例,B组4例,两组并发症发生率分别为27.7%(26/94)、3.9%(4/102),A组显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);止血时间、制动时间及止血成功率A、B两组分别为(2.36 ± 1.7)min、(8.3 ± 1.9)h、96.8%和(2.21 ± 1.8)min、(8.1 ± 1.7)h、97.1%,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05).结论 改良国产YM-GU型动脉压迫止血器可明显降低穿刺部位并发症,止血时间、制动时间及止血成功率两者相当,值得临床推广使用.     

ExoSealTM血管封堵器在逆行经股动脉介入诊疗中的应用

目的 探讨血管封堵器ExoSealTM在逆行经股动脉介入诊疗中对穿刺点快速止血的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2016年4月收治的124例逆行经股动脉介入诊疗患者临床资料.诊疗术中分别采用ExoSealTM封堵器(n=52)和人工压迫(n=72)方法对股动脉穿刺点止血.记录并比较两组患者即刻止血时间、徒手压迫时间、制动时间、压迫过程出血量及操作后相关并发症.结果 ExoSealTM封堵组技术成功率为98.1％(51/52).ExoSealTM封堵组、人工压迫组即刻止血时间分别为(0.28±0.08) min、(5.83±1.46) min,徒手压迫时间分别为(2.65±0.57) min、(7.70±1.88)min,制动时间分别为(2.72±0.43)h、(6.15±0.69)h,差异均有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).ExoSealTM封堵组发生皮下血肿1例,人工压迫组出现皮下血肿3例,假性动脉瘤1例,并发症发生率分别为1.92％ (1/52)、5.56％(4/72),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).人工压迫组压迫过程出血量为(1.11±0.86) ml,明显低于ExoSealTM封堵组(7.83±2.08) ml,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 逆行经股动脉介入术中采用ExoSealTM封堵器对股动脉穿刺点止血,安全有效.     

冠状动脉造影术后3种股动脉止血方法比较研究

目的：比较研究经股动脉冠状动脉造影术（PTCA）后3种股动脉止血方法的效果。方法：选择经股动脉行PTCA228例,随机分为3组,各76例。A组术后股动脉穿刺处应用血管缝合器止血,卧床2h开始下床活动;B组采用徒手压迫30min后,沙袋压迫8h、24h开始下床活动;C组采用徒手压迫30min后,压迫器压迫6h、24h开始下床活动。术后抗凝、抗血小板、降脂等其他常规处置相同。比较3组术后止血效果及并发症发生情况。结果：3组一次止血有效率比较,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;假性动脉瘤、尿潴留、淤血和腰痛等并发症发生率比较,A组显著低于其他两组（P〈0.05）。结论：虽然3组止血效果差异不显著,但应用血管缝合器止血能使患者卧床时间缩短,并发症减少。     

Suitability of Exoseal Vascular Closure Device for Antegrade Femoral Artery Puncture Site Closure

Purpose

To assess the efficacy and safety of the Exoseal vascular closure device for antegrade puncture of the femoral artery.

Methods

In a prospective study from February 2011 to January 2012, a total of 93 consecutive patients received a total of 100 interventional procedures via an antegrade puncture of the femoral artery. An Exoseal vascular closure device (6F) was used for closure in all cases. Puncture technique, duration of manual compression, and use of compression bandages were documented. All patients were monitored by vascular ultrasound and color-coded duplex sonography of their respective femoral artery puncture site within 12 to 36 h after angiography to check for vascular complications.

Results

In 100 antegrade interventional procedures, the Exoseal vascular closure device was applied successfully for closure of the femoral artery puncture site in 96 cases (96 of 100, 96.0 %). The vascular closure device could not be deployed in one case as a result of kinking of the vascular sheath introducer and in three cases because the bioabsorbable plug was not properly delivered to the extravascular space adjacent to the arterial puncture site, but instead fully removed with the delivery system (4.0 %). Twelve to 36 h after the procedure, vascular ultrasound revealed no complications at the femoral artery puncture site in 93 cases (93.0 %). Minor vascular complications were found in seven cases (7.0 %), with four cases (4.0 %) of pseudoaneurysm and three cases (3.0 %) of significant late bleeding, none of which required surgery.

Conclusion

The Exoseal vascular closure device was safely used for antegrade puncture of the femoral artery, with a high rate of procedural success (96.0 %), a low rate of minor vascular complications (7.0 %), and no major adverse events.     

Feasibility study of NeoMend,a percutaneous arterial closure device that uses a nonthrombogenic bioadhesive

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective single-center phase I feasibility study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a novel vascular sealing device, the NeoMend Arterial Closure Device, that uses a bioadhesive after percutaneous endovascular procedures. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 26 consecutive patients, the sealing device was deployed at the femoral artery access site immediately after a catheterization procedure using a 6-French (1.91-mm) sheath. Patients were followed up at 24 hr with Doppler sonography of the treated femoral artery puncture site, and at 1 week and 1 month by a telephone interview. RESULTS: Successful hemostasis was achieved with the NeoMend Arterial Closure Device in 21 (88%) of 24 patients. One major complication required surgery: formation of puncture site hematoma and pseudoaneurysm 3 days after the intervention after successful primary hemostasis. Two device failures required crossover to manual compression, which was done without further complications. The mean time to hemostasis was 7.0 +/- 4.5 min. Mean time to ambulation was 6.0 hr. At follow-up, the patients did not report any puncture-site-related complaints. Doppler sonography of the puncture sites revealed three insignificant hematomas of less than 20 mL and patent common femoral vessels without stenoses. CONCLUSION: The NeoMend Arterial Closure Device appears to achieve rapid hemostasis with the potential of early ambulation after arterial punctures with a 6-French sheath. The device is an alternative in situations in which suture- or collagen-mediated devices show high complication rates.     

Direct cervical arterial access for intracranial endovascular treatment

Introduction Tortuous vasculature is a cause of failure of endovascular treatment of intracranial vascular lesions. We report our experience of direct cervical accesses in patients in whom the arterial femoral route was not attainable.Methods In this retrospective study, 42 direct punctures of the carotid or the vertebral arteries at the neck were performed in 38 patients. The vessel harboring the intracranial lesion was punctured at the neck above the main tortuosity, a sheath was then positioned under fluoroscopic control to allow a stable access to the intracranial circulation. After the procedure, the sheath was removed and hemostasis was gained either by manual compression or by an arterial closure device (4 of 42, 9%).Results The cervical route allowed access to all intracranial lesions in all 42 procedures. A complication was encountered in six procedures (14%) related to the direct puncture. In 2 of the 42 procedures (4%), a transient vasospasm was encountered. A cervical hematoma formed in 3 of the 42 procedures (7%) after sheath withdrawal (one patient in whom an 8F sheath had been used, required surgical evacuation of a hematoma compressing the upper airways; the other patients did well without surgical evacuation). In the remaining patient (1 of 42 procedures, 2%), a small asymptomatic aneurysm at the puncture site was seen on the follow-up angiogram.Conclusion Direct cervical arterial approaches to accessing the intracranial circulation is effective in patients in whom the femoral route does not allow the navigation and stabilization of guiding catheters.     

Angioseal versus manual compression for haemostasis following peripheral vascular diagnostic and interventional procedures--a randomized controlled trial

The aim of this study was to compare the angioseal device to manual compression for femoral artery puncture following peripheral vascular procedures, in the context of day case vascular procedures. One hundred patients were prospectively randomised to haemostasis using the angioseal device or manual compression following arterial puncture for peripheral vascular diagnostic or intervention procedures. Data were collected regarding time to haemostasis and complications immediately post-procedure, at 1h, 2h and at 1 week. There were 50 patients in each group. There were no significant differences in demographic variables, or in complication rates immediately, at 1h, 2h and at 1 week (Chi-squared). The only significant difference between the two groups was time to haemostasis. The mean time to haemostasis in the compression group was 10.6 min and 2.0 min in the angioseal group (t-test p<0.0001). In conclusion, no significant differences in complications were found between manual compression and angioseal. However, there was a significant difference in time to haemostasis.     

Arterial hemostasis using the Duett sealing device

Using a liquid procoagulant, the Duett sealing device employs a distinctly different mechanism than other available devices for attaining hemostasis after femoral arterial puncture. Approved for use with 5 to 9 Fr sheath sizes, the Duett incorporates the typical vascular sheath in the closure procedure. Moreover, the liquid procoagulant, containing a mixture of thrombin and collagen, provides instant hemostasis and does not leave foreign material in the artery or in the subcutaneous tissues. Several studies, including one comparing the Duett to standard manual compression (SEAL), have shown the safety of the device as well as decreased times to ambulation. In addition, time to hemostasis was significantly decreased in patients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. The Duett sealing device is simple to use, safe, effective and a viable alternative to other available devices and/or manual compression.     

接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的应用研究

目的：研究接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的有效性和安全性。 方法：选取2014年4月—2017年9月入住我院的22例无对侧股动脉入路的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,22例中对侧股动脉植入覆膜支架5例,主髂动脉病变已行对吻支架6例,主髂动脉病变同时累及双侧股动脉3例,腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术后4例,对侧截肢术后4例,采用接力穿刺技术（先肱动脉入路完成患侧髂股动脉病变治疗,获得患侧股动脉安全穿刺区,然后接力顺行穿刺患侧股动脉完成股腘动脉、甚至膝下动脉病变的腔内治疗）进行一期血运重建,治疗其下肢动脉硬化闭塞症,总结手术成功率及并发症情况。 结果：手术成功率为100%,共植入103枚支架,平均4.7枚/人。所有缺血症状术后立即得到缓解,患肢踝肱指数（ABI）显著提高[（0.90±0.16）vs.（0.33±0.18）,t=18.80,P<0.01）。随访2~36月(平均19.5个月),围手术期及随访期间无严重手术相关并发症,术后1年的一期通畅率为81.8%（18/22）。 结论：应用接力穿刺技术治疗无对侧股动脉入路、肱动脉入路腔内器械过短无法完成血运重建的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症是安全、有效的,可以作为首选治疗方法。     

Obesity: An Independent Risk Factor for Insufficient Hemostasis Using the AngioSeal Vascular Closure Device After Antegrade Puncture

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the AngioSeal vascular closure device after antegrade puncture of the femoral artery.

Methods

In a prospective study, 120 consecutive patients underwent lower limb vascular intervention by an antegrade access to the common femoral artery (CFA). After intervention, a 6F (n?=?88) or an 8F (n?=?32) AngioSeal vascular closure device was used to achieve hemostasis. The technical success or the cause of failure was documented. In addition, the coagulation status (platelets, INR, prothrombin time, atrial thromboplastin time (PTT)), hypertonus, locoregional habitus of the groin, body mass index (BMI), presence of calcifications, and history of previous surgical interventions of the CFA were evaluated.

Results

Hemostasis was achieved in 97 patients (81%). In 12 patients (10%), persistent bleeding of the puncture site required manual compression. In another nine patients (8%) a kink of the sheath obviated the passage of the collagen plug toward the vessel, and in two patients the anchor dislodged out of the vessel, requiring manual compression. There were no significant differences between the groups of successful and unsuccessful sealing regarding the mean platelets (241 vs. 254?*?10⁹/l; P?=?0.86), INR (1.06 vs. 1.02; P?=?0.52), prothrombin time (90% vs. 90%; P?=?0.86), and PTT (30 vs. 31?s; P?=?0.82). However, unsuccessful sealing was more likely in obese patients with an increased BMI (26.6 vs. 28.8?kg/m²; P?=?0.04).

Conclusions

Obesity seems to be an independent risk factor for insufficient sealing using the AngioSeal vascular closure device after antegrade puncture of the CFA. In 8% of our patients, hemostasis could not be achieved due to kink of the flexible sheath.     

StarClose Vascular Closure Device: Prospective Study on 222 Deployments in an Interventional Radiology Practice

The StarClose device (Abbott Vascular Devices; Abbott Laboratories, Redwood City, CA) utilizes an externally placed Nitinol clip to achieve arterial closure following femoral artery puncture. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and complications of the StarClose device in patients undergoing interventional radiological procedures. Preprocedural clotting status, pulse and blood pressure, severity of vessel calcification, sheath size, and time to deployment were recorded. Postdeployment complications immediately postprocedure, at 1 h, at 2 h, and at 1 week were recorded. A duplex scan was performed in the first 10 patients to assess any immediate vascular complications. Deployments were successful in 96% achieving immediate hemostasis. Mean deployment time was 48 s. There were no major complications. The StarClose device was found to have a high technical and clinical efficacy.     

Self-expandable metallic stent for use in arterial occlusive lesions

Gianturco expandable metallic stents were successfully placed in 4 patients with arterial occlusive disease: aortic obstruction or stenosis due to aortitis (n = 2), dissecting aneurysm (n = 1) and arteriosclerotic obstruction of the iliac artery (n = 1). The length of lesion was from 2 to 15 cm. In one case of aortitis (case 1), eleven stents (5 and 6 stents in tandem connected by wire struts) were inserted through a 12 F Teflon sheath. In another aortitis case (case 2) 4 stents in tandem were inserted through a 10 F sheath. In the two cases the sheaths were introduced by femoral arteriotomy. In case 3 and 4 two or four stents in tandem were placed through a 8 F long sheath which was introduced via the femoral artery by Seldinger method. Symptoms disappeared after placement of stents in all four cases. Our results showed the usefulness of expandable metallic stents in the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.     

Femoral artery compression device for outpatient angiography

To avoid late bleeding from the femoral artery puncture site after outpatient femoral angiography, a compression device was designed to exert continuous pressure over the groin, even when the patient is upright. It has been successfully used in more than 2,000 arterial catheter procedures. The device can also help prevent bleeding in patients who are at increased risk because of hypertension or anticoagulant therapy.