高危前列腺癌患者淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

［摘要］　目的　探讨影响高危前列腺癌患者淋巴结转移(lymph node metastasis,LNM)的危险因素。方法　选取2016年1月至2020年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的105例高危前列腺癌患者的临床资料,均经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术（eLRP）+扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫（ePLND）治疗。根据淋巴结病理结果分为病例组（LNM阳性,14例）和对照组（LNM阴性,91例）。比较两组术前年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、格里森评分（GS）、穿刺阳性针数百分比（PPBC）、前列腺体积（PV）和前列腺癌临床分期。采用二元logistic回归和列线图分析影响患者LNM的因素。结果　病例组GS>8分、前列腺癌临床分期>T2c期的人数比例大于对照组,PPBC高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,前列腺癌临床分期>T2c期（OR=7.128,95%CI：1.316～38.618）、PSA 10～20 ng/ml（OR=10.679,95%CI：1.014～112.512）、GS>8分（OR=16.387,95%CI：2.147～125.092）和更大的PV（OR=2.938,95%CI：1.266～6.822）是促进患者发生LNM的危险因素（P<0.05）。列线图分析显示,前列腺癌临床分期和GS有较高的预测价值。结论　PSA、GS、前列腺癌临床分期及PV均与高危前列腺癌LNM的发生有关,且以前列腺癌临床分期和GS预测价值最高。     

胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的相关因素

目的探讨胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的相关因素。方法回顾性分析该院2011年9月至2013年12月的264例胸段食管癌患者,比较淋巴结转移组(转移组)与淋巴结非转移组(非转移组)的关系,分析淋巴结转移的相关因素。结果胸段食管癌淋巴结转移与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤位置无明显相关性(均P0.05),与肿瘤长度、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤分化程度相关(均P0.05)。结论食管癌患者肿瘤长度≥5 cm,肿瘤为低分化癌以及肿瘤浸润深度为T2~T4是淋巴结转移的危险因素,应尽可能选择右胸入路胸腹腔镜下食管癌根治术并清扫双侧喉返神经淋巴结。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移影响因素分析

背景：手术是早期胃癌的首选治疗方法。淋巴结转移是早期胃癌的关键预后因素,术中淋巴结清扫虽可降低术后复发率,但清扫过度可能导致患者术后生活质量降低。目的：分析早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。方法：1982年1月～2009年2月于上海市长宁区中心医院行胃癌根治术且淋巴结清扫〉15枚的376例早期胃癌患者纳入研究,分析性别、年龄以及6项肿瘤临床病理特征与淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果：单因素分析显示．肿瘤≥2cm、大体类型为隆起型、黏膜下浸润、分化差和有淋巴管癌栓与早期胃癌淋巴结转移有关,而性别、年龄和肿瘤部位与淋巴结转移之间无明显相关性。多因素logistic回归显示肿瘤大小、浸润深度和分化程度是早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论：临床医师术前可通过内镜超声、CT和活检病理检查确定早期胃癌的淋巴结肿大情况以及肿瘤大小、浸润深度和组织学类型．据此推测有无淋巴结转移倾向．从而选择合理的手术方式和术中淋巴结清扫范围。     

老年食管癌患者淋巴结清扫术后肺部感染的危险因素

目的探讨老年食管癌患者淋巴结清扫术后肺部感染的危险因素。方法老年食管癌患者194例,均行淋巴结清扫术。根据术后肺部感染情况分为两组,163例的未发生肺部感染患者为对照组,31例的发生肺部感染患者为观察组分析。结果年龄大,术前营养不良,病程长,合并基础疾病,术前血红蛋白低,术前未放疗,术中喉返神经损伤,血清白蛋白低,开胸手术,未使用自控硬膜外镇痛,吸烟,吸烟时间长,输血量大,抑酸剂应用时间长的患者发生肺部感染的风险高(P0.05)。性别、手术时间、临床分期、第1 s末用力呼气量(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)对术后肺部感染的发生情况无明显影响(P0.05)。结论老年食管癌患者淋巴结清扫术后肺部感染的危险因素质量响应措施,改善患者预后。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素及MDCT评估

目的:分析早期胃癌(early gastric careinoma,EGC)淋巴结转移的危险因素并探讨多排CT(multidetector-row CT,MDCT)对淋巴结转移术前评估的价值.方法:术前行MDCT检查并行根治性胃切除术的EGC患者109例,男64例,女45例,平均年龄56岁,分析患者的临床病理因素与其淋巴结转移的关系,并将MDCT对淋巴结状况的评估结果与病理结果相对照.结果:EGC患者的淋巴结转移率为15.60%,其中黏膜下癌的淋巴结转移率明显高于黏膜内癌(25.00% vs 9.23%,P=0.026).EGC淋巴结转移与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、大体类型、肿瘤位置和组织学类型均无关.受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)分析进一步显示EGC肿瘤大小对淋巴结转移判断的价值相对较小(曲线下面积为0.63).MDCT对早期胃癌N分期的判断准确率为82.6%,其中N0为85.9%,N1为64.3%,N2为66.7%.MDCT对EGC淋巴结转移判断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为70.6%、85.9%和83.5%.MDCT对单发淋巴结转移患者判断的敏感度为50.0%,对1枚以上淋巴结转移患者判断的敏感度为88.9%.MDCT未检出转移淋巴结的EGC患者5例的肿瘤均大于或等于2cm,其中2例黏膜内癌均为凹陷型.结论:MDCT对EGC淋巴结转移术前评估有较大的临床应用价值,对EGC患者实施微创治疗时,应重视淋巴结转移相关临床病理因素的评估作用.     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移危险因素预测模型的研究进展

内镜技术的发展使早期胃癌的诊断率不断提高,而有无淋巴结转移显著影响治疗方式的选择以及患者预后。本文介绍早期胃癌淋巴结转移危险因素预测模型的研究进展,并比较各类模型之间的区分度及临床易用程度,旨在为临床医师选择最佳治疗方案提供参考。     

分化不良型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的评估分化不良型早期胃癌患者淋巴结转移的危险因素,探讨其内镜治疗的可能性。方法回顾性分析2002年9月-2008年12月经手术证实的100例分化不良型早期胃癌患者,对其年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、部位、大体类型、溃疡、组织学类型、浸润深度及淋巴管肿瘤浸润与淋巴结转移的关系进行单因素和多因素分析。结果分化不良型早期胃癌的淋巴结转移率达18．00％。多变量分析显示肿瘤大小（〉2cm）、侵犯至黏膜下层、淋巴管肿瘤浸润均是分化不良型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。肿瘤大小和淋巴管肿瘤浸润是分化不良型黏膜内早期胃癌的淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。在直径≤2cm且无淋巴管肿瘤浸润的分化不良型黏膜内早期胃癌中未发现淋巴结转移。结论直径≤2cm且无淋巴管肿瘤浸润的分化不良型黏膜内癌患者可考虑内镜治疗,术后需密切随访。     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨早期胃癌淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素,为选择合适的治疗方法提供依据.方法 对北京大学第三医院1988年3月-2009年3月于外科行胃癌根治术治疗的103例早期胃癌患者临床资料进行回顾性研究,对患者的年龄、性别,肿瘤的大小、部位、大体类型、分化程度及浸润深度与淋巴结转移的关系进行单因素及多因素分析.结果 早期胃癌的淋巴结转移率为17.5%(18/103),其中黏膜内癌的淋巴结转移率为4.1%(2/49),黏膜下层癌的淋巴结转移率为29.6%(16/54).logistic回归分析显示,浸润至黏膜下层(P=0.001)及肿瘤>2 cm(P=0.003)为早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因子.黏膜内癌发生淋巴结转移的2例均为直径>2 cm的印戒细胞癌;黏膜下层癌中,≤2 cm肿瘤的淋巴结转移率为16.1%(5/31),>2 cm肿瘤的淋巴结转移率高达47.8%(11/23)(P=0.012).高分化程度的早期胃癌的淋巴结转移率为0(0/13),中分化癌转移率为18.2%(4/22),低分化癌转移率为16.7%(5/30),印戒细胞癌转移率为23.7%(9/38),各组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.294).患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位(胃上部、中部、下部)和大体分型(隆起型、平坦型和凹陷型)与淋巴结转移无相关性.结论 肿瘤大小和浸润深度与早期胃癌淋巴结转移相关,决定早期胃癌治疗方案时,可参考上述因素判断淋巴结转移风险.     

淋巴结转移对早期食管癌预后的影响

国内、外大量临床研究表明，淋巴结转移程度是影响早期食管癌预后最重要的因素之一，可根据早期食管癌患者的淋巴结转移程度，对潜在的高危人群给予术后辅助化疗，以降低复发率，改善预后。大量研究表明，在判断进展期食管癌预后时以阳性淋巴结个数为标准的方法要优于以转移淋巴结解剖位置为标准的分期法。     

早期浸润性乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的 探讨早期浸润性乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的影响因素.方法 收集350例早期浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料及MRI特征资料,根据临床病理检查结果将其分为腋窝淋巴结转移组(120例)和腋窝淋巴结未转移组(230例).比较两组临床病理资料及MRI特征资料,并采用多元Logistic回归分析法分析早期浸润性乳腺癌患者发生腋...     

Incidence of brain metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma

AIM:To determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary group of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 53 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy as a component of treatment between 1998 and 2007,including patient and tumor characteristics,and subsequent diagnosis of brain metastasis.The association between the histological type of esophageal cancer and the incidence of brain metastasis was assessed using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS:Fort...     

Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis(LNM)affects the application and outcomes of endoscopic resection in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).However,reports of the risk factors for LNM have been controversial.AIM To evaluate risk factors for LNM in T1 ESCC.METHODS We searched Embase,PubMed and Cochrane Library to select studies related to LNM in patients with T1 ESCC.Included studies were divided into LNM and non-LNM groups.We performed a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between LNM and clinicopathologic features.Odds ratio(OR),mean differences and 95%confidence interval(CI)were assessed using a fixed-effects or randomeffects model.RESULTS Seventeen studies involving a total of 3775 patients with T1 ESCC met the inclusion criteria.After excluding studies with heterogeneity based on influence analysis,tumor size(OR=1.93,95%CI=1.49-2.50,P<0.001),tumor location(OR=1.46,95%CI=1.17-1.82,P<0.001),macroscopic type(OR=3.17,95%CI=2.33-4.31,P<0.001),T1 substage(OR=6.28,95%CI=4.93-8.00,P<0.001),differentiation(OR=2.11,95%CI=1.64-2.72,P<0.001)and lymphovascular invasion(OR=5.86,95%CI=4.60-7.48,P<0.001)were found to be significantly associated with LNM.Conversely,sex,age and infiltrative growth pattern were not identified as risk factors for LNM.CONCLUSION A tumor size>2 cm,lower location,nonflat macroscopic type,T1b stage,poor differentiation and lymphovascular invasion were associated with LNM in patients with T1 ESCC.     

食管鳞癌组织中VEGF-D表达及其与淋巴管密度和淋巴转移的关系

目的 研究食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子D(VEGF-D)的表达情况及其与淋巴管密度(LVD)的关系,并探讨其与食管癌淋巴结转移的关系.方法 免疫组化SABC法检测55例手术切除的食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁组织、正常组织中淋巴管密度和VEGF-D的表达水平,对结果进行统计分析.结果 (1)食管癌组织...     

老年未分化型早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的总结老年患者未分化型早期胃癌（early gastric cancers,EGCs）的临床病理特征,分析未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法纳入2010年1月—2019年8月在北京协和医院行根治性胃癌切除+淋巴结清扫术,手术病理诊断符合EGCs的老年（≥65岁）患者,以分化型EGCs为对照,比较分析未分化型EGCs（即印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌）的临床病理特征。用Logistic回归对老年未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移风险进行多因素分析。结果纳入老年EGCs共165例,其中未分化型EGCs 82例（印戒细胞癌11例,低分化腺癌 71例）,分化型EGCs 83例。淋巴结转移率方面,老年EGCs淋巴结转移率为9.1%（15/165）,分化型EGCs淋巴结转移率为4.8%（4/83）,未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移率为13.4%（11/82）。未分化型EGCs中,低分化腺癌淋巴结转移率为15.5%（11/71）,印戒细胞癌11例均无淋巴结转移。单因素分析提示浸润深度（P=0.019)、病变大小（P=0.006）、合并溃疡（P=0.006）、凹陷型（P=0.003）与老年未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移相关。多因素分析提示黏膜下层浸润（OR=11.98,95%CI:1.17~122.84,P=0.037 ）、病变直径＞2 cm（OR=11.95,95%CI:1.88~76.07,P=0.009)是老年未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。所有满足扩大适应证的老年未分化型EGCs无淋巴结转移。结论黏膜下层浸润、病变直径＞2 cm是老年未分化型EGCs淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。满足扩大适应证的老年未分化型EGCs患者适合内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗。     

Incidence and treatment of brain metastasis in patients with esophageal carcinoma

Brain metastasis from esophageal carcinoma(BMEC) is very rare, but its incidence has increased in the United States, Japan, China and other counties. Reports on BMEC have largely been focused on examining whether adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer influences the survival duration of BMEC patients and on the imaging characteristics of BMEC determined using new medical equipment. The difference between different pathological types of esophageal cancer, especially adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is one important factor used to assess the influence of BMEC. Adjuvant therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, for esophageal cancer with different characteristics in different countries may affect BMEC treatment outcomes. The degree of popularization of advanced medical equipment is a major concern related to the prevalence of BMEC. Furthermore,targeted BMEC treatment is under development in developed countries. In this article, we reviewed the debate surrounding BMEC and analyzed BMEC studies from different perspectives.     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的危险因素预测

目的探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血（EVB）的危险因素。方法回顾分析2001-02～2011-09该院消化内科住院的肝硬化合并EVB患者42例为出血组,选取同期住院的肝硬化未合并EVB患者38例为对照组,分别统计食管胃底静脉红色征（RC）、食管静脉曲张程度、门静脉内径（PVD）、脾厚度（SPT）、腹水最大液性暗区深度（ASmax）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、血小板（PLT）、血清总胆红素（TB）、血清白蛋白（ALB）、Child-pugh分级等指标进行单因素分析,将差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）的指标进行Logistic回归分析,得出肝硬化患者并发EVB的主要危险因素。结果出血组RC、PT、PVD、SPT、ASmax、食管静脉曲张程度等指标与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。但经多元Logistic回归分析发现,RC、PT、PVD、食管静脉曲张程度与食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血关系密切。结论 RC、PT、PVD、食管静脉曲张程度是影响肝硬化患者EVB的主要因素。     

Clinicopathologic factors predicting lymph node metastasis in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objective. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC), but it is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Recently, endoscopic resection for SESCC has been indicated for patients with a low risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Therefore, to successfully treat SESCC with endoscopic resection, it is very important to identify patients with a low risk for LNM. The objective of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic factors that predict LNM in patients who underwent esophagectomy for SESCC. Methods. The study included 104 patients with SESCC from three university hospitals in Pusan, Korea. Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated to identify independent factors predicting LNM by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. In univariate analysis, the depth of tumor invasion and lymphovascular invasion had significant influences on LNM (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Gross type, tumor size, and tumor differentiation were not predictive for LNM. In multivariate analysis, the depth of tumor invasion and lymphovascular invasion were signi?cantly associated with LNM in patients with SESCC (OR 9.04, p = 0.049; OR 11.61, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions. The depth of tumor invasion and lymphovascular invasion were independent predictors of LNM in patients with SESCC. Therefore, endoscopic resection could be performed in patients with SESCC that is limited to the mucosa, without lymphovascular invasion.     

15-PGDH在食管癌中的表达

目的研究NAD+依赖性15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶(15-PGDH)在食管癌组织及癌旁6 cm处非肿瘤对照组织中的表达,探讨15-PGDH在食管癌中的表达情况及其与食管癌的关系。方法本实验采用免疫组化SP法检测食管癌组织和癌旁6 cm处非肿瘤对照组织中15-PGDH的表达情况。结果免疫组化结果提示:40例食管癌组织中有5例(12.5%)15-PGDH呈强阳性染色,8例(20.0%)15-PGDH呈弱阳性染色,27例(67.5%)15-PGDH表达缺失;40例癌旁6 cm处对照组织中,13例(32.5%)15-PGDH呈强阳性染色,25例(62.5%)15-PGDH呈弱阳性染色,2例(5.0%)15-PGDH染色阴性(P0.05)。15-PGDH在食管癌组织(32.5%)的阳性表达率显著低于癌旁6 cm处非肿瘤对照组织(95.0%)的阳性表达率,15-PGDH的表达差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。15-PGDH蛋白表达与食管癌患者的性别、年龄、分化程度无关(P0.05)。15-PGDH蛋白表达与食管癌患者有无淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。结论 15-PGDH在食管癌组织中表达缺失或减少,15-PGDH可能是食管癌发生发展中的重要抑制因子。     

Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background and Aim: To perform endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for T1 esophageal cancer, it is essential to estimate the lymph node status exactly. In order to evaluate the feasibility of EMR for esophageal cancers, we evaluated the clinicopathological features of T1 esophageal squamous carcinomas with an emphasis on the risk factors and distribution patterns of lymph node metastasis. Methods: From 1994 to 2006, a total of 200 patients with T1 esophageal carcinoma were treated surgically in our institution. Among them, clinicopathological features were evaluated for 197 consecutive patients with T1 squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The frequency of lymph node involvement was 6.25% (4/64) in mucosal cancers and 29.3% (39/133) in submucosal cancers (P < 0.001). In patients with M1 (n = 32) and M2 (n = 14) cancers, no lymph node metastasis was found. In multivariate analysis, size larger than 20 mm, endoscopically non‐flat type, and endo‐lymphatic invasion were significant independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. The differentiation of tumor cell was not a risk factor for lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: We suggest that EMR may be attempted for flat superficial squamous esophageal cancers smaller than 20 mm. After EMR, careful histological examination is mandatory.