单侧与双侧使用间歇充气加压在预防髋膝置换术后DVT中的效果比较

目的探讨间歇充气加压（IPC）非手术侧使用,在髋膝关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）预防中的效果和安全性。 方法前瞻性收集2017年4月至2017年9月烟台市烟台山医院拟行髋、膝关节置换术且符合纳入及排除标准的患者172例,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为试验组和对照组,所有患者均于麻醉后手术开始前开始行非术侧IPC治疗,术后给予利伐沙班抗凝预防DVT,试验组术后继续行持续性非术侧IPC预防DVT,共85例;对照组术后行持续性双侧IPC预防DVT,共87例。术后3 d后改为1 h,2次/日。术后3 d、7~10 d行双下肢超声检查监测DVT发生情况。 结果患者术后常规继续住院7~10 d,故术后患者无脱落,随访率100%。随访时间为7~10 d,平均（8.3±1.3）d,试验组术后3 d发生血栓11例,占12.9%,均为肌间静脉血栓;对照组术后3 d发生血栓8例,占9.2%,1例腘静脉血栓,2例胫腓静脉血栓,余为肌间静脉血栓;术后3 d两组膝关节置换患者、髋关节置换患者及总的DVT发生率均无统计学差异。术后7~10 d试验组新增血栓5例,占6.8%,对照组新增血栓4例,占比5.1%,两组术后7~10 d膝置换患者、髋置换患者及总DVT发生率均无统计学差异。 结论IPC非手术侧使用在预防髋膝置换术后下肢DVT发生中可达到与IPC双侧同时使用相同的预防效果,安全性更高。     

初次全膝关节成形术后常规抗凝患者症状性静脉血栓症发生率的调查研究

背景：常规药物抗凝预防全膝关节成形术（total knee arthroplaty,TKA）后静脉血栓症（venous thromboembolism, VTE）已被众多指南推荐。尽管症状性VTE较无症状性VTE少见,但其临床意义更大。目前国人TKA术后常规预防抗凝后症状性VTE发生率的数据仍缺乏。 目的：调查遵照指南推荐预防措施后初次TKA后症状性VTE的发生率。 方法：2007年1月至2012年5月在北京协和医院接受初次TKA的1160例（1351膝）患者进入此前瞻性队列研究。男184例,女976例;对术后有症状患者应用Wells评分进行评判,符合条件者行下肢静脉超声检查。记录症状性静脉血栓栓塞症患者的一般资料、手术资料、放射学结果、处理与转归。 结果：共39例（56膝）患者出现症状性VTE,发生率3.36%。其中症状性深静脉血栓形成（deep vein thrombosis, DVT）37例（3.19%）,症状性肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism, PE）2例（0.17%）;近端DVT 6例,远端DVT 31例;男2例,女37例;年龄54-81岁,平均68.4岁。原发病均为骨关节炎。症状性VTE发生中位时间为术后7 d（3-14 d）。预后均良好,无围手术期死亡病例。 结论：本研究报道初次TKA后常规抗凝后症状性VTE发生率较国外文献报告略高。对无症状患者无需常规筛查VTE。     

膝关节镜术后VTE的发生率及其抗凝策略分析

目的关节镜术后静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thrombo embolism,VTE)的预防尚无指南及专家共识可遵循,本研究旨在回顾性研究膝关节镜手术患者术后VTE的发病情况,并对其术后VTE的风险因素及预防措施讨论分析。方法本研究为单中心回顾性研究,对我科于2015年1月至2015年12月收治的膝关节镜手术患者进行随访。共收治慢性退行性及低能量创伤性膝关节镜手术患者400例,男性270例,女性130例,年龄(38±15.2)岁。手术均为择期常规手术,手术时间(55±21)min。术后常规应用VTE物理预防措施,不采用抗凝药物预防。术后6周内,根据患者随访时的临床症状、体征决定进一步行血管超声及肺动脉造影检查,分别了解症状性下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)及肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的发病率,并对发生VTE患者的潜在风险因素进行分析评估。结果术后6周内出现症状性DVT 4例,发生率为1%;其中近心端DVT 1例,远心端DVT 3例;无症状性PE发生。在VTE风险因素中,年龄60岁、手术时间60min可能增加VTE发生的风险。结论常规慢性退行性及低能量创伤性膝关节镜手术患者术后症状性DVT发生率很低,且主要发生于远心端,不建议对所有关节镜手术患者均采取常规药物抗凝措施。但是,需对膝关节镜手术围术期患者VTE风险因素进行个性化评估、筛查,对存在高风险患者可采取更加积极的抗凝预防措施。     

髋膝关节置换围手术期下肢深静脉血栓形成与 D-二聚体及抗凝药的关系

目的：探索髋膝关节置换围手术期下肢深静脉血栓形成与 D-二聚体升高关系及使用不同抗凝药的有效性和安全性评估。方法前瞻性分析70例行髋膝关节置换的患者,根据术后双下肢彩色多普勒超声结果,分为血栓组（11例）和非血栓组（59例）,记录两组在术前及术后D-二聚体浓度并进行统计分析。同时按照使用抗凝药不同分为低分子肝素（速碧林）预防组和利伐沙班预防组,记录并比较二者DVT发生率和术后伤口引流量关系。结果血栓组术前D-二聚体浓度与非血栓组术前D-二聚体的浓度相比较有显著性差异（P＜0.01）,血栓组较非血栓组增高。血栓组与非血栓组术后第7天的D-二聚体浓度比较则无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,血栓组与非血栓组各自组内比较,术后与术前的D-二聚体浓度比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）,术后浓度较术前均有增高。在使用抗凝药物情况下DVT的发病率为15.71％,利伐沙班与低分子肝素（速碧林）干预后DVT发生的情况无显著性差异（ P＞0.05）。术后伤口引流量无统计学差异（ P＞0.05）。结论研究发现D-二聚体对DVT预测不是特异性指标;髋膝关节置换术后使用抗凝药物情况下 DVT发生情况明显下降,利伐沙班与低分子肝素对于预防DVT作用上无显著性差异。     

人工全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

[目的]分析人工全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床危险因素.[方法]纳入2007年2～7月48名患者51例全髋置换手术病例,术前和术后第7 d进行双下肢血管彩超检查,分析15项临床因素与术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的发生有无相关性.[结果]经双下肢血管彩超检查,51例手术有17例发现DVT,全部为小腿肌间静脉血栓,DVT发生率33.3%;DVT患者中无症状者占47.1%(8/17);多因素Logistic回归分析表明:年龄≥65岁,输血总量大和血清甘油三脂水平(TG)高是全髋关节置换术后DVT发生的重要危险因素,其OR(Odd Ratio)值分别为:116.597、1.01和37.249(P＜0.05).[结论]女性,年龄大,肥胖,血清甘油三脂和胆固醇升高,"O"型血、输血总量大,患糖尿病和高血压的患者发生DVT的风险高(relative risk,RR＞1);年龄≥65岁、输血总量大和血清甘油三脂水平高是人工全髋关节置换术后并发DVT的危险因素;术后应控制输血量,需要大量输血者采取少量多次输血;下肢肌间静脉血栓的发生应该引起临床医师和B超医师的注意.     

初次髋膝关节置换术后静脉血栓发生情况的观察比较

目的 :通过对大样本的初次全髋、膝关节置换术患者的资料进行统计分析,描述初次髋、膝关节术后静脉血栓的发生率及解剖分布。方法:纳入2013年12月至2014年12月行初次全髋、膝关节置换术1 686例患者,其中THA 928例,TKA 758例。所有患者术前、出院前常规行双下肢静脉彩超,术中常规使用抗纤溶药,术后抗凝14 d。统计分析术后血栓发生类型及其解剖分布。结果:初次全髋关节置换术患者928例,30例出现血栓,27例为孤立性肌间静脉血栓,其次为累及腓静脉或胫后静脉的周围性血栓,无中心型血栓发生。初次全膝关节置换术患者758例中,87例出现血栓,81例为周围型血栓,4例为中心型血栓,其余2例为混合型血栓;74例的血栓累及单支静脉,65例累及肌间静脉、4例股静脉、3例胫后静脉、2例浅静脉;13例的血栓累及多支静脉,多累及肌间静脉、胫后静脉、腓静脉、静脉中的2支或3支。对比结果发现,全膝关节置换术后血栓发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),且更容易出现中心型血栓及多支静脉受累。结论:在现代血栓预防措施的干预下,初次髋、膝关节置换术后血栓发生率较低,其发生率及解剖分布存在差异。     

人工髋膝关节置换术后症状性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的危险因素分析

[目的]分析人工髋、膝关节置换术后症状性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(venous thromboembolism,VTE)发生的危险因素。[方法]2013年5月~2013年12月行人工髋、膝关节置换术患者602例,这些患者在术后出现下肢疼痛、肿胀、周径发生改变、Homans征阳性时行双下肢深静脉彩超(ultrasonography,USG)检查是否发生下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT),同时记录入组患者肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)事件的发生,分析患者年龄、性别、BMI、手术类型、单双侧、糖尿病史、术前血糖、术前胆固醇、术前甘油三酯、术前D-dimer等与症状性VTE发生风险的相关性。[结果]人工髋、膝关节置换术后共发生症状性VTE 19例(3.16%),其中远端DVT 18例(3.00%),近端DVT 4例(0.66%),PE 2例(0.33%)。症状性VTE患者的平均年龄为(66.74±9.04)岁,显著高于其余患者人群(OR=1.065;95%CI=1.001~1.133;P=0.047)。[结论]症状性VTE是人工髋、膝关节置换术后不容忽视的问题,尽管进行常规的预防,其发生率仍不低。年龄是人工髋、膝关节置换术后发生症状性VTE的危险因素。对于年龄大的患者,应进行及时有效的VTE预防措施。     

全髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的发生情况及预防治疗措施。方法：对220例（244髋）全髋关节置换患者围手术期皮下注射低分子肝素来预防治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成。术后第7天行彩色多普勒超声检查。结果：58例发生下肢深静脉血栓，其中远端血栓33例，近端血栓14例，全静脉血栓11例，DVT发生率26．4％，未发生1例肺栓塞。结论：围手术期低分子肝素应用可降低全髋关节置换术后DVT发生率，且安全可靠。     

抗凝并早期被动活动预防膝关节置换后深静脉血栓

目的：寻找人工膝关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（Deep Venous Thrombosis,DVT）的最佳预防方案,评价围手术期抗凝并早期持续被动活动（Continuous Passive Motion,CPM）对人工膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的预防作用。方法：2002年1月～2005年12月对接受人工膝关节置换术者280例（均为单侧关节置换）根据围手术期处理方法的不同,采用分层随机化的方法前瞻性地分成空白对照组（对照组,n=70）、单纯抗凝组（抗凝组,n=70）、单纯早期被动活动组（CPM组,n=70）和抗凝＋CPM锻炼治疗组（观察组,n=70）。手术后第4天观察各组患者下肢的肿胀情况,并行术侧下肢彩色多普勒血管检查,诊断DVT。统计各组中DVT的发生率,采用SPSS11．0统计分析软件进行统计学分析。结果：抗凝组术后DVT发生率25．7％,CPM组30．0％,观察组12．9％,对照组45．7％,经统计学检验,观察组术后DVT发生率明显低于其它各组（P〈0．05）。结论：围手术期抗凝并早期被动活动对人工膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成具有明显的预防作用。     

双极人工股骨头与全髋关节置换术在老年患者股骨头缺血性坏死FicatⅢ期的中远期随访比较

目的比较生物型双极人工股骨头置换与全髋置换术治疗老年FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的中远期疗效。方法对获得随访的61例（64髋）FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死患者,其中23例（24髋）行生物型双极人工股骨头置换、38例（40髋）行全髋关节置换术对其行回顾分析比较,观察手术前后Harris评分和术后髋部疼痛、影像学变化等情况。结果术后随访5～13年（平均8年）,末次随访Harris评分全髋置换组（88.5±8.9）分,较股骨头置换组（73.5±8.3）分高,差异有统计学意义（t=6.69,P〈0.05）。在疼痛发生率及翻修率上股骨头置换组分别为37.5%（9/24）、29.2%（7/24）,均较全髋置换组10%（4/40）、7.5%（2/40）高,差异有统计学意义（2=5.41、2=5.39,P均〈0.05）。随访X线检查假体位置,股骨头置换组9例出现髋臼磨损,发生率为37.5%;全髋置换组髋臼松动率为2.5%（1/40）,假体柄松动率为5%（2/40）;股骨头置换组5例出现股骨柄松动,发生率为20.8%（5/24）,两组在股骨柄松动发生率上差异无统计学意义（2=2.41,P〉0.05）;在股骨侧骨溶解发生率上股骨头置换组20.8%（5/24）与全髋关节置换组22.5%（9/40）间的差异无统计学意义（2=2.44,P〉0.05）。结论治疗老年FicatⅢ期股骨头缺血性坏死选择双极股骨头置换术应慎重,对于大多数患者,应积极选用生物型全髋置换术。     

三种抗凝药物在单侧全膝关节置换术后预防静脉血栓性疾病的病例对照研究

目的:探讨3种不同抗凝药物在单侧全膝关节置换术后预防静脉血栓栓塞症的有效性和安全性。方法:收集2011年11月至2014年3月因膝关节骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换术患者149例临床资料,其中男66例,女83例;年龄48～76岁。按抗凝药物不同分为阿司匹林组、低分子肝素组和利伐沙班组,阿司匹林组48例,男23例,女25例,平均年龄(61.52±13.42)岁;低分子肝素组54例,男20例,女34例,平均年龄(64.37±11.81)岁;利伐沙班组47例,男23例,女24例,平均年龄(63.83±12.04)岁。分别观察3组患者术后6、8、12周下肢深静脉血栓形成,肺栓塞及出血并发症(包括切口瘀斑、切口血肿等局部并发症,消化系统、心脑血管系统、泌尿系统出血等出血事件).结果:阿司匹林组48例,下肢深静脉血栓形成 4例,肺栓塞1例,出血并发症2例;低分子肝素组54例,下肢深静脉血栓形成3例,肺栓塞1例,出血并发症3例;利伐沙班组47例,下肢深静脉血栓形成3例,肺栓塞0例,出血并发症11例。3组下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出血并发症发生率利伐沙班组高于阿司匹林、低分子肝素组。结论:阿司匹林、低分子肝素、利伐沙班均能有效预防全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓的发生,且疗效相近。利伐沙班引起出血并发症发生率高,安全性须进一步研究。     

A prospective observational study on the effectiveness and safety of bemiparin,first dose administered 6 h after knee or hip replacement surgery

Introduction Bemiparin has shown to be effective and safe in clinical trials in total knee or hip replacement. Materials and methods We conducted a prospective, open, multicentre, uncontrolled study to audit the utilisation patterns of bemiparin 3,500 IU/day, first dose administered 6 h after surgery, in 1,009 patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery in standard clinical practice. We analysed rates of documented symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) [deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)] confirmed by objective methods, major bleeding, death, thrombocytopaenia and other adverse events up to 6 weeks. Results Rate of documented symptomatic DVT was 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1–0.9%). No cases of documented PE were reported. There were 14 (1.4%) major bleedings (95% CI, 0.8–2.3%). Neuraxial anaesthesia was used in 937 (92.9%) patients. There were no cases of spinal haematoma, fatal bleeding or bleeding in critical organs. There were 6 (0.6%) cases of mild thrombocytopaenia, which did not require treatment discontinuation. No cases of severe type II heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia were observed. There were no deaths during bemiparin prophylaxis. The median length of hospitalisation was 9 days and 92.5% of patients continued prophylaxis post-hospitalisation for a total median time of 38 days. There were no thromboembolic or bleeding complications during post-hospitalisation prophylaxis. Postoperative start of prophylaxis with bemiparin permitted that 29.3% of patients could be admitted to hospital the same day of the intervention. Conclusion Bemiparin prophylaxis, started 6 h after surgery and given for 5–6 weeks after total hip or knee replacement, was associated with low rates of VTE, major bleeding and other adverse events in normal clinical practice. Bemiparin thromboprophylaxis started 6 h after surgery makes neuraxial anaesthesia/analgesia procedures easier, without compromising efficacy.     

利伐沙班与低相对分子质量肝素预防人工髋膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 通过比较利伐沙班与低相对分子质量肝素(LMWH)对静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的预防作用,评价两者预防人工全髋关节置换术(THA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)后VTE的有效性与安全性.方法 2009年8月至2010年7月共收治84例行THA和TKA的患者,随机分为利伐沙班组和LMWH组,利伐沙班组48例,男13例,女35例;平均年龄63.9岁;THA 25例,其中1例行双侧置换术;TKA23例,其中10例行双侧置换术.LMWH组36例,男10例,女26例;平均年龄57.2岁;THA 16例,其中5例行双侧置换术;TKA 20例,其中6例行双侧置换术.THA患者术后第1～35天、TKA患者术后第1～14天,利伐沙班组给予利伐沙班10 mg,1次/d,口服;LMWH组给予LMWH 0.4 mL,1次/d,皮下注射. 结果两组患者围手术期失血量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患者术后获3个月随访.利伐沙班组深静脉血栓形成(DVT)发生率为20.8%(10/48),LMWH组DVT发生率为25.0%(9/36),两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.204,P=0.651).两组患者均未发生症状性肺栓塞. 结论利伐沙班能有效预防THA、TKA后下肢DVT的发生,同时具有良好的安全性,其疗效与LMWH相当,且不会增加出血等并发症.     

Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical IVC Filtration for Preventing Pulmonary Embolism in High-Risk Orthopedic Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundTo determine the efficacy and safety of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in high-risk patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty.Methods2857 hip or knee arthroplasty procedures between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a preoperative history of venous thromboembolism (VTE), either PE or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), were categorized as high-risk patients. The incidence of overall VTE, PE, and DVT were compared between patients with filters and those without. The subgroup analysis was also performed by patient risk, and filter status and the incidence of VTE, PE, and DVT were compared. Variables such as filter placement, history of hypercoagulability etcetra were evaluated as risk factors for the development of postoperative VTE.ResultsIn the high-risk group, the use of IVC filters was significantly associated with a lower incidence of pulmonary embolism (0.8% vs 5.5%, P = .028). When compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group had significantly higher incidence of PE (3.8% vs 2.0%, P = .038), DVT (11.6% vs 5.3%, P < .001), and overall VTE (15.0% vs 6.8%, P < .001). The history of VTE was associated with postoperative VTE (P < .001), PE (P = .042), and DVT (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between filter placement and postoperative VTE, DVT, or PE in the low-risk group. Filter retrieval was successful in 100% (96/96) of attempted patients with no complications.ConclusionThe use of IVC filters is significantly associated with a lower incidence in pulmonary embolism in high-risk arthroplasty patients. High-risk patients demonstrated an incidence of postoperative VTE over two times greater than other patients. Prophylactic placement of IVC filters in hip/knee arthroplasty is safe.     

Is routine thromboprophylaxis justified among Indian patients sustaining major orthopedic trauma? A systematic review

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality after trauma. Though most of the western countries have their guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in these patients, India still does not have these. The increasing detection of VTE among Indian population, lack of awareness, underestimation of the risk, and fear of bleeding complications after chemical prophylaxis have made deep vein thrombosis (DVT) a serious problem, hence a standard guideline for thromboprophylaxis after trauma is essential. The present review article discusses the incidence of DVT and role of thromboprophylaxis in Indian patients who have sustained major orthopedic trauma. A thorough search of ‘PubMed’ and ‘Google Scholar’ revealed 10 studies regarding venous thromboembolism in Indian patients after major orthopedic trauma surgery (hip or proximal femur fracture and spine injury). Most of these studies have evaluated venous thromboembolism in patients of arthroplasty and trauma. The incidence, risk factors, diagnosis and management of VTE in the subgroup of trauma patients (1049 patients) were separately evaluated after segregating them from the arthroplasty patients. Except two studies, which were based on spinal injury, all other studies recommended screening/ thromboprophylaxis in posttraumatic conditions in the Indian population. Color Doppler was used as common diagnostic or screening tool in most of the studies (eight studies, 722 patients). The incidence of VTE among thromboprophylaxis-receiving group was found to be 8% (10/125), whereas it was much higher (14.49%, 40/276) in patients not receiving any form of prophylaxis. Indian patients have definite risk of venous thromboembolism after major orthopedic trauma (except spinal injury), and thromboprophylaxis either by chemical or mechanical methods seems to be justified in them.     

The necessity of pharmacological prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in major joint arthroplasty

Purpose

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognised post-operative complication of major lower limb joint arthroplasty. Current National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines suggest the use of both mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis following hip and knee replacement. Since the introduction of enhanced recovery programmes following hip and knee arthroplasty the requirement for routine pharmacological VTE prophylaxis has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pharmacological prophylaxis against symptomatic VTE in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty under an enhanced recovery programme.

Methods

Symptomatic VTE incidence was audited in 1,100 patients undergoing primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty at the same hospital with only mechanical prophylaxis from 2007 to 2009. Following addition of chemical prophylaxis (enoxaparin) symptomatic VTE incidence in 522 patients undergoing primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty from 2011 to 2012 was re-audited.

Results

In the mechanical prophylaxis group incidence of DVT was 0.73 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.37–1.43 %] and incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) 0.91 % (95 % CI 0.49–1.67 %). Following addition of pharmacological prophylaxis incidence of DVT was 0.57 % (95 % CI 0.20–1.68 %) and incidence of PE 1.15 % (95 % CI 0.53–2.48 %).

Conclusions

We found no statistically significant difference in symptomatic VTE incidence following the addition of enoxaparin. We question whether routine pharmacological prophylaxis still has a role following total hip and knee arthroplasty. Peri-operative optimisation, including post-operative analgesia and mobility, with current enhanced recovery programmes may be sufficient. As anticoagulants carry increased risk of post-operative bleeding and wound ooze, in addition to significant cost implications, their role remains controversial.     

止血带对全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的影响

目的 探讨止血带对全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的影响.方法 采用随机对照研究,将连续入院的拟行初次全膝关节置换的80例患者随机分为两组:一组使用止血带(止血带组,40例),一组不使用止血带(非止血带组,40例).全部采用后十字韧带替代型骨水泥固定人工膝关节(Smith-Nephew),手术由同一组医生完成.比较两组患者围手术期失血量、深静脉血栓和肺动脉栓塞发生率、术中栓子面积百分率%Ae(即总栓子面积占右心房面积的百分率).术前及术后第1～10天行彩色多普勒超声检查,观察双下肢深静脉血栓的发生;术中使用经食道超声心动图监测右心房,评估止血带释放后的%Ae.结果 止血带组患者术中失血最小于非止血带组患者,但两组患者围手术期总失血量比较差异无统计学意义.止血带组患者和非止血带组患者深静脉血栓发生率比较无统计学差异,两组均未发生肺动脉栓塞.止血带组患者%Ae在释放止血带后的1 min达到高峰;非止血带组患者%Ae仅在扩髓和植入假体时出现高峰,然后缓慢下降;止血带组患者%Ae在释放止血带后大于非止血带组患者.结论 止血带的使用对全膝关节置换术围手术期总失血量并无明显影响,不增加深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的发生风险.     

Aspirin for elective hip and knee arthroplasty: a multimodal thromboprophylaxis protocol

Purpose

Multimodal thromboprophylaxis includes preoperative thromboembolic risk stratification and autologous blood donation, surgery performed under regional anaesthesia, postoperative rapid mobilisation, use of pneumatic compression devices and chemoprophylaxis tailored to the patient’s individual risk. We determined the 90-day rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE), other complications and mortality in patients who underwent primary elective hip and knee replacement surgery with multimodal thromboprophylaxis.

Methods

A total of 1,568 consecutive patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery received multimodal thromboprophylaxis: 1,115 received aspirin, 426 received warfarin and 27 patients received low molecular weight heparin and warfarin with or without a vena cava filter.

Results

The rate of VTE, pulmonary embolism, proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and distal DVT was 1.2, 0.36, 0.45 and 0.36?%, respectively, in patients who received aspirin. The rates in those who received warfarin were 1.4, 0.9, 0.47 and 0.47?%, respectively. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 0.2?%.

Conclusions

Multimodal thromboprophylaxis in which aspirin is administered to low-risk patients is safe and effective following primary total joint replacement.