地塞米松对脂肪栓塞综合征防治作用的实验研究

在用同种异体犬骨髓脂肪建立脂肪栓塞综合征（ＦＥＳ）动物模型的基础上，通过检测动脉血氧分压、血浆游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）、静脉血凝块内脂滴、肺组织形态及病理学检查，对比观察了地塞米松在ＦＥＳ中的防治作用．对照组只单纯静脉注射骨髓脂肪，而治疗组在注射骨髓脂肪后２小时，静脉滴注地塞米松１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，每６小时一次，连续观察４８小时．结果发现治疗组由于应用地塞米松，使其动脉血氧分压无明显下降；血浆ＦＦＡ不升高而逐渐下降；静脉血凝块冰冻切片油红“０”染色显示脂滴数量和直径都低于未用地塞米松的对照组；病理检查肺组织的损害程度也明显轻于对照组．上述结果说明地塞米松对ＦＥＳ有较好的防治作用     

地塞米松诱导缓解肾病综合征临床观察

中长程口服泼尼松为原发性肾病综合征最常见的治疗方案，但临床观察中发现对早期缓解病情效果不是十分满意。我们应用地塞米松诱导缓解肾病综合征取得满意疗效，现报告如下。     

人体成分与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的:探讨人体成分与代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的相关性.方法:选取2019-05-01～2020-07-16我院干部保健中心综合内二科住院患者269例,分为MS组(n=132)和非代谢综合征(non-metabolic syndrome,NMS)组(n=137),比较两组脂肪、肌肉等成分含...     

低分子右旋糖酐与地塞米松预防脂肪栓塞综合征的实验研究

目的 探讨药物预防脂肪栓塞综合征(FES)的效果与机制.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠80只,随机分成低分子右旋糖酐组(A组)、地塞米松组(B组)、地塞米松与低分子右旋糖酐联用组(C组)及空白对照组(D组),每组20只.均采用油酸静脉注射诱发FES,于药物注射后1、2、3、4小时各取5只大鼠行动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、肺组...     

跑台运动对Sarcopenia小鼠Caspase依赖与非依赖性细胞凋亡基因mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨跑台运动对Sarcopenia小鼠骨骼肌线粒体介导的Caspase依赖与非依赖性细胞凋亡信号通路中凋亡基因mRNA的影响。方法:以30只快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)为研究对象,将其分为青年安静组(YC组,12周龄)、老年安静组(OC组,29周龄)和老年跑台运动组(OE组,29周龄),每组10只。OE组适应性饲养1周后开始跑台运动,每天1次,每周运动5天,持续8周,末次训练结束后24～48 h内将3组小鼠分别断头处死取腓肠肌,以小鼠腓肠肌质量(mg)除以对应体重(g)求得Sarcopenia Index(SI)。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,分别检测各组腓肠肌Caspase依赖性凋亡通路相关基因(Cyt C、apaf-1、Caspase-9和Caspase-3)和Caspase非依赖性凋亡通路相关基因(PARP、AIF和Endo G)mRNA表达。结果:(1)OC组腓肠肌SI值显著低于YC组,OE组SI值与OC组比较未见显著性差异。(2)与YC组相比,OC组腓肠肌apaf-1、Caspase-3和PARP mRNA表达均显著上调,AIF mRNA表达显著下调,而Cyt C、Caspase-9和Endo G mRNA表达未见显著变化。(3)与OC组相比,OE组腓肠肌Cyt C和AIF mRNA表达显著上调,Caspase-3和PARP mRNA表达显著下调,而apaf-1、Caspase-9和Endo G mRNA未见显著变化。结论:与Caspase非依赖性凋亡途径相比,Caspase依赖性凋亡途径在Sarcopenia发生中发挥更重要的作用;跑台运动一定程度上弱化衰老骨骼肌Caspase依赖性凋亡通路的促凋亡基因mRNA表达,但对AIF诱导的Caspase非依赖性凋亡基因mRNA表达却呈现上调作用。     

地塞米松治疗肾综合征出血热疗效观察

目的:探讨何种类型肾综合征出血热(HFRS)适宜用地塞米松(DT)治疗。方法:选取经临床及肾穿诊断为HFRS118例,分为观察组70例和对照组48例,观察分析DT的临床疗效。结果:对于重型及危重型HFRS,应用DT治疗能缩短治愈时间,减少肾组织中CD4 、CD8 淋巴细胞的浸润,并改善预后;对于中型HFRS,虽能减少肾组织中CD4 、CD8 淋巴细胞的浸润,但不能缩短治愈时间;对于轻型HFRS,疗效不明显。结论:DT主要适用于重型及危重型HFRS。     

大剂量地塞米松对实验性RDS的治疗研究

本实验测定了油酸复制大鼠呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)模型血气、肺体指数、肺含水率、病理等指标的变化,并观察了大剂量地塞米松对其变化的影响。结果表明:大剂量地塞米松有提高油酸型RDS大鼠PaO_2降低PaCO_2的作用,改善肺毛细血管内皮细胞通透性,恢复肺功能。     

足三里穴位注射地塞米松对肿瘤化疗病人白细胞的影响

目的：探讨足三里穴位注射地塞米松对肿瘤化疗病人白细胞的影响。方法：60例白细胞减少的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组足三里穴位注射地塞米松，加口服升白胺和鲨肝醇片；对照组口服升白胺和鲨肝醇片。每隔5d复查血常规，了解白细胞的变化情况。结果：治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：穴位注射地塞米松能提高外周血白细胞。     

地塞米松对离体培养肌管泛素系统基因表达的调节及意义

目的研究地塞米松对体外培养的骨骼肌肌管内泛素-蛋白酶体途径基因表达的调节及其意义。方法无菌分离Wistar大鼠（2日龄）下肢肌肉,组织块培养法增殖、传代成肌细胞,融合形成肌管,并随机分为4组,分别应用含有地塞米松10ng／ml（A组）、100ng／ml（B组）、1000ng／ml（C组）和不含地塞米松（D组）的培养液培养肌管,24h后收集肌管,核糖核酸印迹法测定肌管内泛素和蛋白酶体G亚基mRNA的表达变化。结果肌管内泛素mRNA（2．4kb）和蛋白酶体C2亚基mRNA的表达A组、B组和C组均较D组显著增强（P〈0．01）,B组和C组均较A组显著增强（P〈均0．01）,而B组与C组相比无显著差异。结论地塞米松能增强体外培养的骨骼肌肌管内选择性蛋白降解途径——泛素系统的基因表达,此效应在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系。     

Prospective associations between ambulatory activity,body composition and muscle function in older adults

To describe prospective associations between ambulatory activity (AA), body composition and muscle function in older adults, 697 community‐dwelling participants (49% female; mean age=62 ± 7 years) were assessed for changes in body fat and leg lean mass using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, leg strength using dynamometer, and whole body muscle quality (WBMQ; an estimate of specific force) over 2.6 ± 0.4 years. AA was negatively associated with fat mass in both sexes but baseline AA did not predict change in fat mass. Habitual AA was weakly, but significantly, negatively associated with change in total body fat (?0.16 kg/step × 10³/day, P=0.011) and trunk fat (?0.12 kg/step × 10³/day, P=0.044) in men. Habitual AA was also weakly, but significantly, positively associated with change in leg lean mass in both men and women (both P<0.05), as well as change in leg strength (1.37 kg/step × 10³/day, P=0.001) and WBMQ (0.03 kg/kg/step × 10³/day, P=0.002) in women only. Partial R²s for these associations were in the range of 1.2–3.2%. Although, these associations are modest, increases in objectively assessed physical activity may represent a target for improving body composition and muscle function in community‐dwelling older adults.     

小剂量地塞米松对兔视网膜冲击伤的作用

目的：探讨小剂量地塞米松治疗兔视网膜冲击伤的疗效。方法：采用BST-Ⅲ型生物激波管建立视网膜冲击伤兔模型，将24只兔随机分为2组：(1)小剂量地塞米松治疗组(0．5mg／kg)；(2)生理盐水对照组。结果：小剂量地塞米松治疗组除眼前节炎症消退较快外，视网膜病变的吸收、病理改变及视网膜电图b波波幅的恢复时间与对照组无显著差异。结论：小剂量地塞米松对眼外伤后炎症反应有一定的抑制作用，但对视网膜功能的恢复无明显作用。     

早期大剂量地塞米松对挤压综合征大鼠模型心肌特异性损伤的疗效

 目的 评估早期大剂量地塞米松对挤压综合征大鼠模型心肌特异性损伤的疗效。方法 将Wistar大鼠随机分为4组。空白(Sham)组、对照(CS)组、生理盐水(NS)组和地塞米松(DEX)组,每组20只。CS组造模后不做任何处理;DEX组和NS组造模后在解压前即刻注射1 mg/kg地塞米松和等体积的生理盐水;Sham组对正常Wistar大鼠无造模及药物干预,行麻醉、取血和手术处理。各组收集不同时间点的血液和组织学样本。结果 心肌损伤观察指标:(1)血清cTnI OD值,解压后3 h各组间差别无统计学意义。6 h时3个处理组血清cTnI均较Sham组显著上升,CS组为(0.246+0.028),NS组为(0.202+0.033),DEX 组为(0.178+0.017),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NS组和DEX组均低于CS组,NS组和DEX组之间差异无统计学意义。12 h时3个处理组均高于Sham组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各处理组间无统计学差异。24 h时CS组和NS组高于Sham组,P<0.05;DEX组与Sham组相比差异无统计学意义;(2)心肌细胞凋亡率CS组、NS组和DEX组各时间点均高于Sham组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3 h时NS组和DEX组低于CS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),NS组和DEX组间差异无统计学意义12~24 h时间段,NS组和CS组差异无统计学意义,DEX显著低于NS和CS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(3) 心肌细胞HE染色 Sham组大鼠心肌组织正常。CS组中可见充血性改变,随时间加重。NS组和DEX组充血水肿均有不同程度的减轻,DEX组减轻更明显。结论 挤压综合征大鼠存在心肌细胞的特异性损伤,大剂量的地塞米松和与之等体积的生理盐水扩容均能改善这一现象,地塞米松明显优于生理盐水单纯扩容。大剂量糖皮质激素可能通过抑制全身炎性反应从而减轻挤压综合征大鼠的心肌损伤。
     

Effect of whole‐body vibration on neuromuscular performance and body composition for females 65 years and older: a randomized‐controlled trial

We examined whether the effect of multipurpose exercise can be enhanced by whole‐body vibration (WBV). One hundred and fifty‐one post‐menopausal women (68.5±3.1 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a training group (TG); (2) training including vibration (VTG); and (3) a wellness control group (CG). TG and VTG performed the same training program twice weekly (60 min), consisting of aerobic and strength exercises, with the only difference that leg strength exercises (15 min) were performed with (VTG) or without (TG) vibration. CG performed a low‐intensity “wellness” program. At baseline and after 18 months, body composition was determined using dual‐X‐ray‐absorptiometry. Maximum isometric strength was determined for the legs and the trunk region. Leg power was measured by countermovement jumps using a force‐measuring plate. In the TG lean body mass, total body fat, and abdominal fat were favorably affected, but no additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus. However, concerning muscle strength and power, there was a tendency in favor of the VTG. Only vibration training resulted in a significant increase of leg and trunk flexion strength compared with CG. In summary, WBV embedded in a multipurpose exercise program showed minor additive effects on body composition and neuromuscular performance.     

酚妥拉明和地塞米松对吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用及机理

目的　观察酚妥拉明和地塞米松对重度吸入性损伤大鼠肝脏损害的保护作用及机制。方法　将 72只大鼠随机分为A、B、C 3组。对照组 (C组 )腹腔注射生理盐水 ,A组腹腔注射酚妥拉明 ,B组腹腔注射地塞米松。另取 6只非致伤大鼠做伤前值测定 ,再取 6只致伤大鼠 ,伤后 30分钟做伤后值测定。结果　C组谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、总胆红素 (TBIL)、丙二醛 (MDA)、MDA/超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)及组织含水量 (WCT)均明显增高 ,组织中一氧化氮 (NO)水平较伤前值变化不大 ,SOD、ATP水平降低。A组和B组中TBIL、GPT、MDA、MDA/SOD、NO明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,A组ATP和SOD明显高于C组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;B组SOD高于C组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,B组的ATP则与C组差别不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,B组肝组织含水量低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　酚妥拉明与地塞米松均可能通过调节机体的NO水平进而提高机体抗氧化能力和能量代谢 ,从而对重度吸入性损伤后大鼠的肝脏起保护作用。在改善能量供应和降低MDA方面酚妥拉明效果优于地塞米松     

Effects of meal frequency on body composition during weight control in boxers

The effects of meal frequency on changes in body composition by food restriction were investigated. Twelve boxers were divided between a two meals day⁻¹ group (the 2M group) and a six meals day⁻¹ group (the 6M group). Both groups ingested 5.02 MJ (1200 kcal) day⁻¹ for 2 weeks. Although there was no difference in change of body weight by food restriction between the two groups, the decrease in lean body mass (LBM) was significantly greater in the 2M group than in the 6M group. The decrease in urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine was significantly greater in the 6M group than in the 2M group. These results suggest that the lower frequency of meal intake leads to a greater myoprotein catabolism even if the same diet is consumed.     

Prediction of visceral fat area from anthropometric and segmental body composition variables using computed tomography

Abstract This study estimated the area of visceral fat at the L4-L5 level (VFA_L4-5) measured by computed tomography (CT) from anthropometric and segmental percent fat variables. Subjects were 73 adults (50 men and 23 women) aged 24–78 years. Cross-validation was permormed with another 38 adults (25 men and 13 women) aged 21–80 years. The anthropometric variables examined were height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, sagittal diameter, and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) at 14 sites. SFT and segmental percent fat were measured by ultrasonography and dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively. A combination of suitable predictors of VFA_L4-5 was derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using these variables. A prediction equation was obtained that used seven predictors: sagittal diameter, waist circumference, three subcutaneous thickness variables (subscapula, chest 1 and abdomen), and segmental percent fat at the trunk and left leg (R=0.902, R² =0.813, SEE=17.5 cm²). In a Bland-Altman procedure, systematic error was not found in the original group but was only found in women in the cross-validation group. The percentage of the SEE of the prediction equation for the mean VFA_L4-5 value was 22.5% in the original group and 20.1% in the cross-validation group. Furthermore, the percentages of SD values of the error for the mean VFA_L4-5 value were 21.1% in the original group and 22.2% in the cross-validation group. These values were comparable or superior to those in previous studies. This study provides a useful prediction equation for VFA_L4-5 from anthropometry and segmental body composition variables.     

Land- versus water-walking interventions in older adults: Effects on body composition

ObjectivesIncreasing physical activity is a priority worldwide, including for older adults who may have difficulty performing traditional forms of exercise, and for whom retention of muscle mass is an important consideration. Water-based exercise may provide an alternative if benefits are comparable. We compared the impact on body composition of 24-week water- versus land-walking interventions in healthy but inactive older adults.DesignRandomised, controlled trial.Methods72 participants (62.5 ± 6.8 yr) were randomised to a land-walking (LW), water-walking (WW) or control (C) group in a supervised centre-based program. The exercise groups trained 3 times/week at matched intensity (%HRR), increasing from 40–45% to 55–65% heart rate reserve (HRR). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip girths were recorded; dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided fat and lean tissue masses. Participants were re-assessed 24 weeks after completion of the intervention.ResultsThere were no significant changes in body mass or BMI following either exercise protocol, however central adiposity was reduced in both exercise groups, and the WW group increased lower limb lean mass. These benefits did not persist over the follow-up period.ConclusionsExercise can confer beneficial effects on body composition which are not evident when examining weight or BMI. Both WW and LW improved body composition. Water walking can be recommended as an exercise strategy for this age group due to its beneficial effects on body composition which are similar to, or exceed, those associated with land-walking. For benefits to persist, it appears that exercise needs to be maintained.