苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平口腔速溶膜剂的制备及质量评价

目的研究苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平口腔速溶膜剂处方和制备工艺,并对其进行质量评价。方法采用溶剂浇铸法,以苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平为主药,羟丙基甲基纤维素为成膜材料,制备口腔速溶膜剂;建立该膜剂含量测定方法;以膜剂的拉伸强度、含量、溶出度等对其进行质量评价。结果自制的苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平口腔速溶膜剂成膜较好,有良好的硬度和韧性,厚度在0.05 mm左右,20 s内可崩解,含量均匀,且溶出较快,10 min可释放药物质量分数80%以上,达到速释效果。结论自制苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平口腔速溶膜剂有望制成速释降压制剂,值得进一步研究。     

口腔溃疡膜的研制

目的:将原散剂研制成膜剂,利于药效的发挥.方法:以口腔溃疡散的组方为主药成分,以性状,粘附力、膜溶解时间等为考察指标,进行处方筛选及工艺优化,并进行了膜剂的影响因素试验和在人口腔的溶解试验.结果:以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为膜材,当比例为2∶1时,膜的外观均匀,粘附力达(23.2±3.4)牛顿(N),聚丙烯酸酯II为外层制成的双层膜溶解时间为(46.7±5.2)min,其在人口腔的溶解时间为(54.0±22.3)min(n=10).结论:膜材HPMC∶PVA为2∶1时, 制成的膜剂质量最佳.双层膜可延长药膜在口腔溃疡表面的粘附与溶解时间,且可定向释放,有利于药效的发挥.     

盐酸曲美他嗪分散片的制备与质量控制

目的对盐酸曲美他嗪分散片的制剂工艺和质量控制方法进行研究。方法根据处方和制备工艺制备盐酸曲美他嗪分散片,采用高效液相色谱法测定其有关物质,紫外分光光度法测定其含量和溶出度。结果所制盐酸曲美他嗪分散片质量稳定,主要质量参数分散均匀性符合要求。结论盐酸曲美他嗪分散片的设计合理,质量可控,稳定性好。     

帕利哌酮缓释片的制备

目的 制备骨架膜控型帕利哌酮缓释片,针对制剂处方和制备工艺进行筛选,并考察其体外释放特性。方法 通过检索原研制剂处方和其他仿制药等相关信息,选择以海藻酸钠（SA）、羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）和聚氧乙烯（PEO）等缓释材料作为凝胶骨架片芯进行研究,筛选不同种类缓释材料及不同比例用量,以确定片芯处方;然后,筛选包衣材料和用量以确定包衣处方;同时,通过考察包衣老化温度和老化时间等,确定缓释片的制备工艺。结果 经过优化,确定片芯以SA和HPMC K100LV CR质量比为1：1作为亲水凝胶骨架,以无水乳糖作为填充剂,硬脂酸镁作为润滑剂;缓释衣膜以乙基纤维素水分散体Surelease、HPMC SH-E3和枸橼酸三乙酯（TEC）作为包衣材料,包衣体系为乙基纤维素（EC）：HPMC：TEC=80：20：15,同时确定老化工艺为：采用包衣锅设备,于55-60 ℃条件下老化3 h。结论 成功制备骨架膜控型帕利哌酮缓释片,制剂处方和制备工艺合理,且体外溶出曲线介于参比制剂（RLD）和对照制剂溶出曲线之间,通过一致性评价的可能性更高。     

盐酸多西环素调释微丸的制备及处方因素考察

选用HPMCP-55和HPMC E15作为包衣材料,制备盐酸多西环素调释微丸,并考察其处方因素和工艺.采用流化床底喷溶液上药法制备载药微丸,考察聚合物HPMCP-55和致孔剂HPMC E15之间的比例,聚合物包衣增重以及增塑剂用量和热处理对药物释放的影响.当HPMCP-55和HPMC E15的质量比为25:4,聚合物包衣增重为10%,增塑剂用量为5%时,药物释放行为符合要求.通过调整HPMCP-55和HPMC E15之间的比例,或选择恰当的包衣增重,能使盐酸多西环素载药微丸具备较理想的释放效果.     

HPLC法测定盐酸美克洛嗪原料及片剂的含量和有关物质

目的：建立测定盐酸美克洛嗪原料及片剂的含量和有关物质的高效液相色谱法。方法：采用以十八烷基硅烷化学键合硅胶为填充剂的色谱柱，流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH7．0（88：12），检测波长为230nm。结果：线性浓度范围0．6—1．4g·L^-1（r=0．9997），RSD％为0．15％。结论：用同一高效液相色谱法来测定盐酸美克洛嗪原料及片剂的含量和有关物质，经方法学验证，此方法简便、灵敏、准确。     

流延法制备口溶膜剂及其质量评价

设计并研制了用于实验室处方筛选及少量样品制备的实验室用涂膜机以及中试规模的药膜涂膜干燥机.分别用上述两种装备以流延法制备伏格列波糖口溶膜剂,并进行了膜剂小试到中试的工艺研究和质量评价.结果表明,小试及中试规模得到的膜剂在45 s内全部溶解,3 min内均基本释放完全,物理性能、含量及含量均匀度等指标均满足要求.     

口腔速溶膜剂的研究进展

口腔速溶膜剂作为一种新型的口腔黏膜吸收固体速释制剂,具有释药迅速、给药方便、病人顺应性好等优势,尤其适用于吞咽不便的儿童.目前越来越多的药物被开发成此剂型并推向市场.该研究介绍了口腔速溶膜的处方组成、制备工艺、质量评价及与其它新剂型结合应用的研究进展,以期对此类制剂的研发提供参考.     

复方头孢克洛干混悬剂处方工艺及质量研究

目的:研究复方头孢克洛干混悬剂的处方工艺,并对其质量进行考察。方法:考察头孢克洛、盐酸溴己新与各辅料的影响因素,选择合适辅料,单因素优化复方头孢克洛干混悬剂处方工艺。将制得的样品进行湿、热、光影响因素和加速实验考察。结果:优选得到复方头孢克洛干混悬剂的处方工艺,样品经影响因素和加速实验考察,有关物质含量<2%;水中30 min药物释放度>85%。结论:所研制的复方头孢克洛干混悬剂工艺质量稳定,适合进一步开发。     

分光光度法测定制剂中的盐酸美克洛嗪和盐酸罂粟碱

盐酸美克洛嗪 (ｍｅｃｌｏｚｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ)是止吐剂 ,盐酸罂粟碱 (ｐａｐａｖｅｒｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ)是血管扩张药。本文介绍用分光光度法测定制剂中这两种药的方法 ,基于该药同酸性染料间形成有色的缔合离子 ,用有机溶剂抽提 ,再用分光光度法测定 ,方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确 ,可用于纯品和制剂中该药的常规分析。盐酸美克洛嗪分别同铬变素 2Ｂ(Ｃ2Ｂ)和铬变素 2Ｃ(Ｃ2Ｒ)形成的缔合离子用氯仿抽提 ,盐酸罂粟碱与Ｃ2Ｂ和Ｃ2Ｒ生成的缔合离子用二氯甲烷抽提 ,可分别测定 4 .0和 2 .6 ｇ·Ｌ- 1的美克洛…     

利培酮口溶膜剂的制备及质量评价

目的：制备利培酮口溶膜剂,并评价其质量。方法：采用流延法制备利培酮口溶膜,以成膜性、外观形状、溶化时限为指标,筛选优化处方。结果：以枸橼酸为稳定剂、羟丙甲基纤维素E15为成膜材料、微晶纤维素和麦芽糊精为填充剂的膜剂可在30 s内溶化,与国外上市产品Risperidon Sandoz^® Solufilm的溶化时限一致,自制样品与国外上市产品在体外4种介质中的溶出行为基本一致,5 min内基本释放完全。结论：利培酮可溶膜处方工艺合理。     

Oral transmucosal delivery of domperidone from immediate release films produced via hot-melt extrusion technology

The objective of the study was to prepare and characterize the domperidone (DOM) hot-melt extruded (HME) buccal films by both in vitro and in vivo techniques. The HME film formulations contained PEO N10 and/or its combination with HPMC E5 LV or Eudragit RL100 as polymeric carriers, and PEG3350 as a plasticizer. The blends were co-processed at a screw speed of 50 rpm with the barrel temperatures ranging from 120–160°C utilizing a bench top co-rotating twin-screw hot-melt extruder using a transverse-slit die. The HME films were evaluated for drug content, drug excipient interaction, in vitro drug release, mechanical properties, in vivo residence time, in vitro bioadhesion, swelling and erosion, ex vivo permeation from HME films and the selected optimal formulation was subjected for bioavailability studies in healthy human volunteers. The extruded films demonstrated no drug excipient interaction and excellent content uniformity. The selected HME film formulation (DOM2) exhibited a tensile strength (0.72 Kg/mm²), elongation at break (28.4% mm²), in vivo residence time (120 min), peak detachment force (1.55 N), work of adhesion (1.49 mJ), swelling index (210.2%), erosion (10.5%) and in vitro drug release of 84.8% in 2 h. Bioavailability from the optimized HME buccal films was 1.5 times higher than the oral dosage form and the results showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference. The ex vivo–in vivo correlation was found to have biphasic pattern and followed type A correlation. The results indicate that HME is a viable technique for the preparation of DOM buccal-adhesive films with improved bioavailability characteristics.     

热熔挤出技术制备伊曲康唑固体分散体及体外溶出考察

以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC E5)为分散载体,利用热熔挤出技术制备难溶性药物伊曲康唑固体分散体,并探究不同挤出工艺参数和增塑剂1,2-丙二醇(PG)含量对固体分散体溶出度的影响。结果表明,二次挤出制得的固体分散体中药物的溶出率大于直接挤出的固体分散体,且二者均明显大于物理混合物。使用PG作增塑剂后伊曲康唑固体分散体的溶出率得到了显著提高,当PG用量较高(10%)时,固体分散体在0.1 mol/L盐酸介质中的溶出率可达到93%。本研究可以为热熔挤出的工艺开发提供更多的思路,同时为进一步制备高规格(200 mg)伊曲康唑片剂提供帮助。     

Modulated dissolution rate from the inclusion complex of antichagasic benznidazole and cyclodextrin using hydrophilic polymer

Benznidazole (BNZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic agent for treating Chagas’ disease; however, its poor water solubility and irregular oral absorption lead to the treatment failure in the chronic phase. The aim of this work was to investigate the utility of the polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in controlling the release of BNZ from solid inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin to overcome the problem of its bioavailability. Preliminary studies of solubility were conducted in solution using selected β-cyclodextrin derivatives according to an experimental mixture design. The best cyclodextrin composition was used to produce solid-state systems by kneading in the presence or absence of HPMC. The formulations were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques, including the dissolution rate. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) produced the greatest improvement in drug solubility and was selected for the development of solid systems. Assays confirmed the production of true inclusion complexes between BNZ and HPβCD. The dissolution rate of the BNZ-HPβCD system was markedly increased, while the presence of HPMC retarded drug release. An optimal formulation obtained by the combination of kneading systems developed in appropriate ratios could be a promising drug delivery system with a prolonged therapeutic effect coupled with more balanced bioavailability. The produced systems present interesting perspectives for Chagas’ therapy.     

亲水凝胶骨架材料制备盐酸多奈哌齐缓释片的可行性研究

目的 采用亲水凝胶骨架材料制备盐酸多奈哌齐缓释片,并对其质量进行评价。方法 采用亲水凝胶骨架材料HPMC K100LV和K4M联用通过干法制粒工艺制备盐酸多奈哌齐缓释片,以溶出曲线相似性f2值作为评价指标,通过正交设计进行处方优化,用高效液相色谱法进行含量和杂质检测,通过加速和长期试验考察片剂稳定性。结果 以该方法制备的盐酸多奈哌齐缓释片质量稳定,具有与原研制剂一致的溶出特征。结论 以该方法制备盐酸多奈哌齐缓释片具有可行性。     

Development of orodispersible polymer films with focus on the solid state characterization of crystalline loperamide

The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as orodispersible films is gaining interest among novel oral drug delivery systems due to their small size, enhanced flexibility and improved patient compliance. The aim of this work was the preparation and characterization of orodispersible films containing loperamide hydrochloride (LPH) as model drug. As loperamide hydrochloride is poorly soluble in water it was used in crystalline form with a loading of 2 mg/6 cm² film.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and different types of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) in different concentrations were used as film forming polymers whereas arabic gum, xanthan gum and tragacanth served as thickening agents. Films were characterized with respect to the content uniformity, morphology, thermal behavior and crystallinity. Suspensions were investigated regarding their viscosity using a rotational rheometer and the crystal structure of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) was analyzed using polarized light microscopy. The development of flexible, non-brittle and homogeneous films of LPH was feasible.Two polymorphic forms of LPH appeared in the film formulations dependent on the utilized polymer. While in presence of HPMC the original polymorphic form I remained stable in suspension and films, the polymorphic form II occurred in presence of HPC. Both polymorphic forms were prepared separately and a solid state characterization was performed. Polymorph I showed isometric crystals whereas polymorph II showed needle shaped crystals. Tragacanth was able to prevent the transformation to polymorph II, if it was dissolved first before HPC. When HPC was added first to the suspension, the conversion to form II occurred irreversibly also after further addition of tragacanth.     

Probing the dynamics of matrix hydration in the presence of electrolytes

The aim of our work was to probe the mechanisms associated with induced matrix stiffening via textural analysis as a consequence of in situ electrolyte interactions within hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrices in relation to their role in controlling the release of highly soluble drugs such as diltiazem hydrochloride (>50% water soluble at 25°C). The dynamics of HPMC and PEO matrix swelling during hydration in the presence of appropriate electrolytes intended to induce constant drug release rates from simple monolithic systems are influenced by continuously shifting peripheral matrix stiffening toward the matrix core in a manner dependent on electrolyte content and hydration time. Matrix erosion for HPMC and PEO controls (i.e., without electrolyte) follow linear dissolution kinetics (r² > 0.97), while formulations with electrolyte characteristically undergo a square root of time decline in weight. The swelling potential of the electrolyte-containing matrices, influenced by the boundary infiltration process, reflected considerable suppression during the first 2 hr of exposure to medium, while subsequent events differed in both polymers. In view of these differences, simultaneous measurements in textural transitions and electrolyte conductivity showed that PEO has a higher affinity for water molecules than does HPMC.     

盐酸普萘洛尔脉冲释放片的制备及其体外释药研究

目的 制备盐酸普萘洛尔双层包衣脉冲释放片,并研究其体外释药行为。方法 采用粉末直接压片法制备盐酸普萘洛尔片芯,滚转包衣锅法分别包羟丙甲纤维素溶胀层和丙烯酸树脂控释层。采用体外溶出试验考察处方及溶出条件对本品释药行为的影响。结果 本品经过一定时滞后以脉冲形式释药,渗透活性物质氯化钠、溶胀层及控释层厚度、丙烯酸树脂RS/RL的配比均影响本品时滞。溶出方法及不同pH溶出介质对本产品的时滞无影响。结论 盐酸普萘洛尔脉冲释放片具有脉冲释放特性,体外时滞约为4 h。     

The Application of 3D Printing in the Formulation of Multilayered Fast Dissolving Oral Films

Fast-dissolving oral films (FDFs) provide an alternative approach to increase consumer acceptance by advantage of rapid dissolution and administration without water. Usually, FDFs require taste-masking agents. However, inclusion of these excipients could make developing the formulation a challenging task. Hence, this work employed fused-deposition modeling three-dimensional printing to produce single-layered FDFs (SLFDFs), or multilayered FDFs (MLFDFs) films, with taste-masking layers being separated from drug layer. Filaments were prepared containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) with ibuprofen or paracetamol as model drugs at 60°C. Also, filaments were produced containing polyvinyl alcohol and paracetamol at 130°C. Furthermore, a filament was prepared containing PEO and strawberry powder for taste-masking layer. FDFs were printed at temperatures of 165°C (PEO) or 190°C (polyvinyl alcohol) with plain or mesh designs. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis indicated active ingredient stability during film preparation process. SLFDFs had thicknesses as small as 197 ± 21 μm, and MLFDFs had thicknesses starting from 298 ± 15 μm. Depending on the formulation and design, mesh SLFDFs presented disintegration time as short as 42 ± 7 s, and this was 48 ± 5 s for mesh MLFDFs. SLFDFs showed drug content uniformity in the range of 106.0%-112.4%. In conclusion, this study provides proof-of-concept for the manufacturing of FDFs by using 3D printing.     

复方酚咖伪麻胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚溶出度研究

目的 研究复方酚咖伪麻胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚的溶出度。方法 照溶出度测定法[2000年版《中国药典（二部）》附录XC第一法转篮法]分别测定复方酚咖伪麻胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚溶出度，并考察转速、pH值对溶出度的影响。结果 样品累积溶出量基本一致，体外溶出度均一性良好，转速对溶出度有明显影响，而pH值对溶出度几乎无影响。结论 自制复方酚咖伪麻胶囊样品的溶出度符合要求。