遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌的临床特征与诊断原则

目的：探讨遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌（HNPCC）的临床特点和诊断。方法：收集22个符合Amsterdam标准的HNPCC家族，分析其临床特点。结果：本组符合Amsterdam标准的HNPCC发病率为2．6％＜22个家族有恶性肿瘤患者101例，结直肠癌患者84例，发生第一个结直肠癌的平均年龄为45．7岁，位于脾曲近侧结肠和直肠的分别占58．3％和23．8％。23．8％患者发生同时或异时多原发结直肠癌。20例患者发生肠外肿瘤，以胃癌居多。结论：HNPCC具有发病年龄早，近侧结肠多见，同时和异时多原发结直肠癌发生率高的特点，诊断治疗及随访应有别于散发性结直肠癌。本组肠外肿瘤以胃癌发生率高，与国外报道不同。建立中国人的HNPCC诊断标准是必要的。     

异时性多原发结直肠癌临床特点分析31例

目的:探讨异时性多原发结直肠癌的临床特点, 为临床诊治提供参考.方法:回顾性总结31例异时性多原发结直肠癌的临床资料, 分析肿瘤发生、分布及治疗与预后.结果:31例患者, 平均5.1年出现次发癌, 平均3.8年后3例出现第3癌, 平均3.5年后2例再发第4癌. 45.2%的患者合并存在腺瘤. 59.5%的首发癌位于直肠、乙状结肠;大部分次发癌的分化程度、病理分期好于首发癌或与之相同;首发癌术后平均存活8.3年, 5年生存率84.8%.结论:大多数异时性多原发结直肠癌的首发癌位于直肠及乙状结肠. 合并存在腺瘤是发生该病的危险因素, 根治术后应进行定期复查.     

同时性多原发结直肠癌与散发性结直肠癌患者结肠镜随访的配对分析

目的研究同时性多原发结直肠癌与散发性结直肠癌患者异时性进展期腺瘤(MAA)的发生率。方法纳入2008年1月1日至2022年9月30日在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院接受结直肠癌手术(外科手术或内镜切除)并进行3年结肠镜随访的结直肠癌患者。患者在术后6～36个月内完成≥2次结肠镜随访, 且2次结肠镜检查间隔时间>6个月。收集患者年龄, 性别, 肿瘤部位、分期、病理学特征, 合并基础疾病情况, 术前癌胚抗原、血红蛋白等实验室检查结果, 基线结肠镜检查结果, MAA检出情况等资料。根据年龄(±2岁)、性别、原发肿瘤部位(同一节段)和肿瘤分期将同时性多原发结直肠癌患者与散发性结直肠癌患者按照病灶数1∶1进行倾向性评分匹配法配对。计算同时性多原发结直肠癌和散发性结直肠癌患者MAA的累积发生风险。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析MAA发生的影响因素。结果共纳入814例结直肠癌患者进行配对。配对后, 同时性多原发结直肠癌患者36例(78个癌灶), 散发性结直肠癌患者78例(78个癌灶)。同时性多原发结直肠癌组患者1、2、3年MAA的累积发生率分别为11.1%(4/36)、22.2%(8/36)、...     

战胜结直肠癌的重点：筛查与预防

结直肠癌是当前世界上发病率和病死率最高的肿瘤之一.早期结直肠癌5年生存率＞90％,而晚期则不足10％,绝大部分结直肠癌早期由结直肠腺瘤（多呈腺瘤样新生物）发展而来.研究表明,我国结直肠腺瘤近20年来发病率增加了1.88倍,同期结直肠癌增加了0.66倍[1].早期发现和诊断结直肠腺瘤性腺瘤,并采取相应措施如内镜下切除等,可以有效地降低结直肠癌的发生率和相应的死亡率.结直肠腺瘤多数没有明显症状,容易被患者忽视,从而失去治疗机会,有效地预防其发生和通过对人群进行筛查及随访减缓其发展显得尤为重要.我们对结直肠腺瘤预防的最新进展进行综述.     

右半结肠合并直肠重复癌时的术式选择附四例报告

回顾分析2016年9月至2017年8月收治的4例右半结肠合并直肠癌患者的临床资料。4例均符合右半结肠合并直肠重复性癌的诊断标准,其中3例为同时性多原发癌（SCRC）,1例为异时性多原发癌（MCRC）。4例患者中,3例SCRC患者均行两个部位的联合根治性手术,在右半结肠根治术中均保留中结肠动脉左支和左结肠动脉;MCRC患者第一次行扩大右半结肠切除术时未保留中结肠动脉左支,第二次行保留左结肠动脉的直肠癌根治术。4例患者术后均未发生吻合口漏等相关并发症,术后随访至今,平均随访时间为8.75±4.57个月,未发生转移或复发。对于右半结肠癌合并直肠癌行右半结肠癌加直肠癌根治性手术时,应保留中结肠动脉的左支及/或左结肠动脉,避免出现剩余结肠发生缺血坏死,出现吻合口漏和狭窄。     

胆囊切除与结直肠息肉相关性的研究

背景：胆囊切除已被认为是结直肠癌的危险因素之一,但胆囊切除与结直肠息肉的关系一直未受到重视。目的：探讨胆囊切除与结直肠息肉的相关性。方法：连续收集经结肠镜排除恶性肿瘤、炎症性肠病、家族性腺瘤性息肉病等疾病的患者425例,根据既往有无胆囊切除史分为胆囊切除组（n=63）和对照组（n=362）,对两组患者结直肠息肉的发生率、内镜下息肉表现和组织学类型进行分析。结果：胆囊切除组结直肠息肉发生率高于对照组（46.0%对37.8%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.219）。两组患者息肉的部位和形态均无明显差异（P=0.753,P=0.127）;但胆囊切除患者腺瘤性息肉的发生危险显著高于对照组（OR=1.79,P=0.006）。亚组分析示胆囊切除史≥10年的结直肠息肉发生率与胆囊切除史〈10年无明显差异（P=0.11）。结论：胆囊切除并未增加结直肠息肉发生的危险性,但腺瘤性息肉的发生率显著增高,因此对胆囊切除患者应重视早期结直肠癌和腺瘤性息肉的筛查。     

内镜下切除结直肠高危腺瘤随访166例

目的:探讨结直肠高危腺瘤内镜下切除后的复发特点.对今后高危腺瘤患者规范筛查和合理随访提出指导.方法:收集2004-01/2009-01发现结直肠高危腺瘤并经内镜下切除的患者详细临床资料.对于腺瘤切除后继续在我院内镜随访的患者进行登记.结果:共收集结直肠高危腺瘤497例患者,其中166例腺瘤切除后继续在我院行内镜随访.随访的166例患者一般资料分布:年龄32-82(平均61.64±11.07)岁,其中年龄≥55岁患者128例(128/166,77.11%),男性94例(94/166,56.63%),高危腺瘤以便血为首发症状的患者较多见(71/166,46.38%),且腺瘤表面易形成分叶(75/166,54.82%).首次复查时间为切除后1-28mo,共102例患者(102/166,61.45%)复发.高危腺瘤切除后的复发部位特点:初发于左半结肠的腺瘤易复发于左半结肠,初发于右半结肠的腺瘤易复发于右半结肠(r=0.440,0.387,均P<0.01),将高危腺瘤切除前后的病理表现进行比较未见明显相关性.Cox模型的风险量曲线图提示随时间的延长,从6mo开始患者息肉复发的风险逐渐增大.结论:结直肠高危腺瘤切除后存在...     

胆囊切除与结直肠腺瘤相关性的Meta分析

目的有胆囊切除史的患者已被认为是我国结直肠癌早期筛查的高危人群,但国内外对胆囊切除与结直肠腺瘤(结直肠癌癌前病变)的相关性研究较少。采用Meta分析方法对国内外已发表的有关胆囊切除与结直肠腺瘤关系的研究进行综合评价。方法对符合纳入标准的13篇文献按研究方法不同分为队列研究组(6篇)和病例对照研究组(7篇),均使用Review manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析,计算前者的相对危险度(RR)和后者的比值比(OR),以及二者的95%可信区间(CI)。结果队列研究组和病例对照研究组分别纳入总样本量5940例和158 995例,Meta分析综合RR=1.32,95%CI:1.07~1.61;OR=1.17,95%CI:1.08~1.26。结论胆囊切除导致结直肠腺瘤发生的危险性增加。     

KLK6、KLK10在结直肠癌的表达及与临床病理的关系

目的探讨人组织激肽释放酶家族成员KLK6及KLK10蛋白在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用及与临床、病理的关系。方法采用SP免疫组织化学染色法检测57例结直肠腺癌、21例结直肠腺瘤及11例正常结直肠黏膜组织KLK6及KLK10的表达情况,并分析二者的表达与结直肠癌临床病理指标的关系。结果 KLK6及KLK10在结直肠腺癌的阳性率分别为52.6%(30/57)和66.7%(38/57),在结直肠腺瘤的阳性率分别为33.3%(7/21)和38.1%(8/21),在正常结直肠黏膜组织中的阳性率为9.1%(1/11)和27.3%(3/11)。KLK6及KLK10在结直肠腺癌、结直肠腺瘤及正常结直肠黏膜组织中的表达均具有显著差异(P均<0.05)。KLK6及KLK10的表达均与患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移及肝转移情况相关(P均<0.05)。KLK6还与肿瘤的分化程度相关(P=0.015)。KLK6及KLK10在结直肠癌的表达呈正相关(r=0.745,P=0.000)。KLK10在KLK6阳性组中的表达明显高于在KLK6阴性组中的表达。结论 KLK6及KLK10参与结直肠癌的发生发展并与结直肠癌的转移相关,可作为较为理想的肿瘤标志物辅助判断患者预后并指导临床治疗。     

中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌常见临床表型特征与肠外肿瘤谱分析

目的系统地探讨中国人遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌（HNPCC）常见临床表型特点及肠外肿瘤谱。方法在自行收集的HNPCC家系基础上,采用meta分析方法,遴选近年公开发表的有关中国人HNPCC综合征临床表型的文献,扩大样本含量,共收集142个符合Amsterdam标准Ⅰ或Amsterdam标准Ⅱ的HNPCC家系,其中57个家系具有完整资料。结果在符合Amsterdam标准Ⅰ的家系中,发生结直肠癌患者占82．4％（215／261）,发生肠外恶性肿瘤的患者占25．3％（66／261）,仅患肠外恶性肿瘤的患者占17．6％（46／261）,发生多原发恶性肿瘤的患者占19．2％（50／261）,首发恶性肿瘤为结直肠癌者占80．8％（211／261）,其中位于右半结肠者占66．8％（141／211）;在结直肠癌患者中,多原发结直肠癌占19．1％（41／215）,同时发生结直肠癌与肠外恶性肿瘤者占9．3％（20／215）;结直肠外肿瘤谱涉及23种肿瘤,其中胃癌、子宫内膜癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、肺癌、小肠恶性肿瘤最为常见。Amsterdam标准Ⅱ家系中有相似的结果。结论中国人HNPCC常见临床表型特征与西方国家相似;中国人肠外肿瘤谱较广,其中胃癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、食管癌等最为常见。     

Patterns of surgery in patients belonging to amsterdam-positive families

INTRODUCTION: The phenotype of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer includes an 80 percent lifetime risk of colorectal cancer, a predominance of lesions proximal to the splenic flexure, and a high incidence of synchronous and metachronous neoplasia. Although prophylactic colectomy is rarely advised for patients with a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer genotype and a normal colon, the presence of advanced neoplasia in the context of a qualifying family history or a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer genotype has led to such recommendations. We performed this study to document the patterns of colorectal surgery performed for cancer-bearing patients who are part of an Amsterdam criteria–positive family and to compare rates of metachronous cancers that follow index total or segmental colectomy. METHODS: Family trees fulfilling the classic Amsterdam criteria for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer were identified, and all patients for whom surgical and pathology records were available were included in the study. Type of surgery and the outcome of subsequent follow-up were abstracted. Patients were divided into those treated at the Cleveland Clinic and those treated elsewhere. RESULTS: There were 39 families with 93 affected patients. These patients had 127 colorectal cancers, 76 (60 percent) of which were right sided (proximal to the splenic flexure). Median age at diagnosis of the index cancer was 47 (range, 26–81) years. Sixteen patients (17 percent) had metachronous cancers and multiple surgeries, whereas four (4 percent) had synchronous cancers. Median follow-up for patients who underwent surgery at the Cleveland Clinic was 13 (range, 4–49) years, whereas that for those who underwent surgery elsewhere was 14 (range, 1–42) years. Sixteen (48 percent) of the 33 patients who underwent surgery at the Cleveland Clinic had a total colectomy vs. 7 (12 percent) of the 60 who had surgery elsewhere (Fishers exact test, P < 0.001). Only one patient who had surgery at the Cleveland Clinic had a second operation for a metachronous cancer (1/17 patients having a segmental resection). Fifteen patients who underwent surgery elsewhere needed a second resection for metachronous cancer (15/53 patients having a segmental resection; Fishers exact test, P = 0.094). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is high risk of metachronous colorectal cancer if an index cancer in a hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patient (defined according to Amsterdam criteria) is treated by partial colectomy. However, this risk can be lowered by performing a total colectomy at the time of index surgery, or possibly by effective postoperative surveillance.     

Combined molecular and clinical approach for decision making for surgery in HNPCC patients: a report on three cases in two families

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is associated with highly penetrant germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. Due to a high lifetime risk in gene carriers for synchronous and for metachronous colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer in women, prophylactic and extended surgery are considered as options for gene carriers. A 54-year-old patient with a history of metachronous rectal cancer and a family history fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria presented with carcinoma of the cecum and highly dysplastic adenomas of the splenic flexure and descending colon. As a result of these findings, medical history and molecular diagnosis, the decision was made to perform colectomy and prophylactic hysterectomy with oophorectomy; histological examination of the specimen showed three synchronous colon carcinomas. The 31-year-old son carrying the pathogenic mutation refused to be included in the HNPCC surveillance program. One year later he presented with symptoms of bowel obstruction, and a carcinoma of the descending colon was diagnosed. Intraoperatively, in addition to the colon cancer, a small bowel cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis were found. In another family fulfilling the Amsterdam criteria without known germline mutation a woman presented with synchronous cancer of the ascending colon and the lower rectum at the age of 49 years. Proctocolectomy and prophylactic hysterectomy were performed, which revealed an additional colon cancer and endometrial cancer. We discuss approaches for individual decision making for surgery in HNPCC patients. Is a subtotal colectomy indicated in the case of first colon cancer in HNPCC patients, or if the first tumor occurs in the lower rectum, should a proctocolectomy or a restorative proctocolectomy be considered? The aim of prospective clinical studies should be to assess acceptability, survival rates, mortality, and the quality of life in HNPCC patients who have undergone surveillance and standard oncological resections versus extended or prophylactic surgery.     

Metachronous colorectal cancer in young patients: Expression of the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome?

The cumulative incidence rate of metachronous colorectal cancer in patients younger than 40 years of age at diagnosis of the primary cancer has been shown to be 30 percent. Metachronous colorectal cancer is predominantly located in the right colon with a decreasing frequency toward the rectum. The risk of developing a metachronous colorectal cancer was found to be 16–29 times increased when compared with the risk of having a primary colorectal cancer. Because of the resemblance between characteristics of metachronous colorectal cancer and the features of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), it is proposed that young colorectal cancer patients developing metachronous colorectal cancer could in fact be HNPCC patients.     

Detection of Metachronous Neoplasms in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Identification of Risk Factors

Purpose Patients with colorectal cancer have a high risk of developing metachronous neoplasms. Identification of predictive factors associated with such conditions would allow individualized follow-up strategies in these patients. This study was designed to identify individual and familial factors associated with the development of metachronous colorectal neoplasms in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods In the context of a prospective, multicenter, general population-based study—the EPICOLON project—all patients with colorectal cancer attended in ten Spanish hospitals during a one-year period were included. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. All patients were monitored by colonoscopy within two years of the diagnoses. Demographic, clinical, pathologic, molecular (microsatellite instability status and immunohistochemistry for MSH2 and MLH1), and familial characteristics (fulfillment of Amsterdam I or II criteria, and revised Bethesda guidelines) were analyzed. Results A total of 353 patients were included in the study. At two years of follow-up, colonoscopy revealed the presence of adenomas in 89 (25 percent) patients and colorectal cancer in 14 (3.9 percent) patients, in 7 cases restricted to anastomosis. Univariate analysis demonstrated that development of metachronous neoplasm (adenoma or colorectal cancer) was associated with personal history of previous colorectal cancer (odds ratio, 5.58; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.01–31.01), and presence of previous or synchronous adenomas (odds ratio, 1.77; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.21–3.17). Although nonstatistical significance was achieved, metachronisms were associated with gender (P < 0.09) and differentiation degree (P < 0.08). Multivariate analysis identified previous or synchronous adenomas (odds ratio, 1.98; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.16–3.38) as independent predictive factor. Neither presence of tumor DNA microsatellite instability nor family history correlated with the presence of metachronous neoplasms. Conclusions Patients with previous or synchronous colorectal adenoma have an increased risk of developing metachronous colorectal neoplasms. Accordingly, this subgroup of patients may benefit from specific surveillance strategies. Supported by grants from the Red Nacional de Investigación en Hepatología y Gastroenterología (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C03/02) and from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS PI061384). Xavier Llor is a recipient of a Ramon y Cajal grant form Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of the Spanish government Presented at the meeting of the United European Gastroenterology, Copenhagen, Denmark, October 15 to 19, 2005.     

Varying features of early age-of-onset “Sporadic” and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patients

PURPOSE: Although the criteria for clinical diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer are not fully agreed on, young age seems to be a common trait. The purpose of this study is to identify clinicopathologic features of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in early age-of-onset colorectal cancer patients stratified as a function of family cancer history. METHODS: Two hundred thirty consecutive colorectal cancer patients 40 years or older at time of diagnosis were registered into an ongoing database during a ten-year period. Accurate family history was obtained via medical records, telephone calls, and questionnaires on 146 patients. According to extent of family history of cancer, patients were stratified into seven groups: 1) fulfilling Amsterdam criteria, 2) fulfilling less strict criteria, 3) having at least one first-degree relative with colorectal cancer, 4) having at least one distant relative with colorectal cancer, 5) having at least one first-degree relative with any cancer, 6) having at least one distant relative with any cancer, 7) having no family history of cancer. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 146 patients fulfilled Amsterdam and less strict hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer criteria (15 percent). These hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patients were significantly younger (31 vs. 35 years; P = 0.0003) and had more metachronous colorectal cancer (27 percent vs. 2 percent; P = 0.007) and less colorectal cancer with nodal or metastatic spread than the non-hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer patients (35 percent vs. 65 percent; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Precise familial cancer assessment in early age-of-onset colorectal cancer increases the yield of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer diagnosis. Because of the frequent development of metachronous colorectal cancer and favorable prognosis, extensive rather than segmental surgery should be considered in early age-of-onset colorectal cancer patients belonging to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families.     

Microsatellite instability as a marker in predicting metachronous multiple colorectal carcinomas after surgery: a cohort-like study

PURPOSE: In case-control studies, it was reported that microsatellite instability might be helpful in predicting the development of metachronous multiple colorectal cancers. The purpose of this cohort-like study was to determine whether microsatellite instability is a novel independent marker in predicting metachronous colorectal carcinomas after colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: Three hundred twenty-eight colorectal carcinoma patients were surveyed by periodic colonoscopy for at least three years after surgery. Among these, DNA from paraffin-embedded sections was available for 272 cases. DNA of these cases was studied for six microsatellite markers (five dinucleotide repeats, one mononucleotide repeat). Microsatellite instability phenotype was defined as alterations in one or more loci. RESULTS: Median follow-up period was 74 months, and the median number of colonoscopies was 4.6. The percentage of microsatellite instability-positive cases was 26.4 percent (72/272). Seventeen metachronous colorectal carcinomas were detected during the follow-up period. Incidences of metachronous colorectal carcinomas in microsatellite instability-positive and microsatellite instability-negative cases were 15.3 and 3 percent, respectively (P < 0.001). The cumulative five-year incidence of metachronous colorectal carcinomas was significantly higher in microsatellite instability-positive cases than in microsatellite instability-negative cases (12.5 vs. 2.5 percent, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between incidence of metachronous colorectal carcinomas and possible risk factors (namely, coexistence of adenoma at the time of surgery, family history of colorectal carcinoma , history of extracolonic malignancy, and microsatellite instability status) showed that microsatellite instability and coexistence of adenoma were significant independent risk factors for the occurrence of metachronous colorectal carcinomas, with values of P = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that microsatellite instability can be regarded as a novel independent and important marker for predicting the development of metachronous colorectal carcinoma after surgery.     

遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌家系及临床病理特征分析

目的 分析比较不同遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌(HNPCC)临床诊断标准和指导纲要所筛选家系的临床病理特征。方法 58个家系[符合Amsterdam标准(AC)家系24个、日本标准(JC)家系15个、Bethesda指导纲要(BG)患者19例]收入本项临床病理研究。结果 24个符合AC的家系共有恶性肿瘤患者116例，含结直肠癌患者90例。15个符合JC的家系共有恶性肿瘤患者54例，含结直肠癌患者33例。两组家系表现相似的临床特征，发生第1例结直肠癌的平均年龄分别为46．1岁和51．4岁，右半结肠癌分别占55．4％和44.8％，同时或异时结直肠癌发生率分别为25．6％和18．2％。两组共有肠外肿瘤患者55例，以胃癌最多(12例)，子宫内膜癌次之(8例)。两组39个家系中34例临床病理资料完整的结直肠癌与散发性结直肠癌比较显示，外生性生长较多、低分化癌比例高、克罗恩病样淋巴反应常见，并以Dukes分期A／B为主(P＜0．05)。家系先证者中18例术后随访存活时间超过5年，最长达28年。结论 用AC和JC可将临床表现有别于散发性结直肠癌的亚群——HNPCC筛选出来。这部分患者临床病理特点与散发性者明显不同。肠外肿瘤以胃癌、子宫内膜癌为常见。HNPCC患者预后较好。     

Late development of metachronous colorectal cancer

The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer has been reported to be 1 to 5 percent, with most of the cases being discovered within ten years of the initial cancer. A retrospective review of all colorectal cancer patients was conducted at the Southern Illinois University Affiliated Hospitals to determine the incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer at the authors' institution. In this study, a metachronous cancer was defined as a second colorectal primary occurring at least three years following discovery of the initial lesion. Between 1978 and 1984, there were 24 patients with metachronous colorectal cancer identified in an operative series of 707 patients for a frequency of 3.4 percent. These metachronous cancers were discovered at intervals ranging from 3 to 35 years. Sixteen (67%) metachronous lesions occurred 11 years of more after the original cancer. Synchronous or interval adenomatous colorectal polyps were noted in 17 (71 percent) of the patients. Thirteen of the metachronous cancers appeared in the right colon, while six were distributed throughout the transverse and descending colon, and five were in the rectosigmoid region. The incidence of late-appearing metachronous colorectal cancers and the propensity to occur in the right colon underscores the need for evaluation of the entire colon as part of lifelong follow-up of the colorectal cancer patient. Read the meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Houston, Texas, May 11 to 15, 1986.     

Follow-up Study of Early Colorectal Cancer After Endoscopic Resection

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the significance of long-term follow-up observation of early colorectal cancer following endoscopic resection. The subjects included 100 patients who had undergone early colorectal cancer resection by endoscopic polypectomy with prior injection of the base (73 patients with mucosal carcinoma (m cancer), 24 Patients with submucosal carcinoma (sm cancer), and 3 patients with multiple early colorectal cancers. Posttherapeutic observation was carried out by endoscopy. The results were, briefly, as follows: 1) No cases of local recurrence or metastasis were observed during the follow-up observation period for up to a period of 14 years. 2) 3 cases (3%) of metachronous carcinoma were detected, 2 of these patients had early carcinoma and 1 had advanced carcinoma. The mean period which elapsed before the detection of metachronous cancers was 35.0 ± 15.3 months. 3) The incidence of adenoma during the follow-up period was 40%, the frequency of newly detected adenoma was relatively high among the patients with coexisting adenoma at the time of treatment for early carcinoma and among the elderly patients aged 60 years or over, 4) No cancer was detected after establishing a clean colon, and the incidence of adenoma in such cases was relatively low, i. e., 14.5%. The mean period of time which elapsed until the detection of the adenoma was 24.4 ± 18.0 months. The results of this study indicated that endoscopic examination is necessary and useful for surveillance of local recurrence or metachronous carcinoma as well as the detection of adenoma.