女性常见生殖内分泌疾病与微生物组关系的研究进展

女性生殖内分泌相关疾病严重影响女性生殖健康及生活质量, 其中多囊卵巢综合征和早发性卵巢功能不全是育龄期女性最常见的两种生殖内分泌疾病。而随着微生物组学技术的不断发展, 人体共生微生物已被证实与多种内分泌代谢疾病相关。越来越多研究表明肠道及生殖道微生物组与女性生殖内分泌疾病密不可分, 在疾病发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。本文拟就多囊卵巢综合征和早发性卵巢功能不全和肠道、生殖道微生物组之间的关系进行综述, 并探讨微生态制剂的应用, 以期为女性生殖内分泌的临床诊治提供新的思路。     

呼吸道微生态和健康与疾病的相关性研究进展

呼吸道微生物组学在健康和疾病中的作用一直是人们研究的热点,研究表明,吸烟、肠道菌群与呼吸道微生态之间有关联。呼吸道菌群是决定呼吸道健康与否的关键因素,健康和疾病人体呼吸道微生态环境及菌群的构成有差异。本文综述了国内外关于呼吸道微生物组学的发展历程和研究现状,健康和疾病状态下呼吸道微生物组学的差异及呼吸道、肠道微生态与呼吸系统疾病之间的联系。     

民族习惯地理环境与肠道微生态的相关性研究进展

肠道微生物是最庞大、最复杂的微生态系统,与人体的免疫、营养、代谢等诸多生理功能紧密相关,其定殖分布由于地理环境与民族生活习惯的不同存在一定差异。本文将近年来有关地理环境、民族饮食习惯与肠道微生物多样性及其生态特征等相关研究进行综述。旨在通过了解肠道微生态的影响因素,为慢性病的干预提供科学依据。     

肠道微生态与宫颈癌合并放射性肠损伤的临床研究

目的:探讨肠道微生态结构变化与宫颈癌放疗致放射性肠损伤的相关性。方法:以RTOG/EORTC晚期放射损伤分级为依据,将纳入研究34例宫颈癌放疗后病人肠道损伤分为0～4级,将入组病人分为放射性肠损伤组(RG)和无放射性肠损伤组即健康组(HG)。利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台对粪便标本中肠道微生物的16S rRNA基因v4区序列进行测序,使用QIIME 2.0处理测序数据并分析肠道微生物丰富度和多样性,并通过PICRUSt预测了肠道微生物群的功能特征。结果:两组在肠道微生物丰富度、多样性均无显著性差异(P 0.05)。在菌群组成上,筛选出了5个与放射性肠损伤最为相关的菌属,分别为Acidaminococcus(氨基酸球菌属)、Pyramidobacter、Dialister(小杆菌属)、Megasphaera(巨球型菌属),f-Dethiosulfovibrionaceae uncl;在功能代谢上,发现RG肠道微生物群代谢类型出现了适应厌氧环境代谢途径和致病菌相关代谢途径上调的现象。结论:盆腔放射治疗直接或间接引起肠道粘膜受损、修复功能减弱和肠道抑菌能力降低,继而引起肠道微生态失衡。     

微生态制剂在肠道疾病治疗中的研究进展

肠道微生态是人体中复杂的生态系统之一。在正常人的肠道内定植大量的细菌,它们不仅可以发挥多种生物学功能,而且与多种疾病有关。然而通过添加微生态制剂,可以明显改善肠道菌群的结构和减少相关致癌代谢产物,同时可以改善某些疾病的临床表现。因此,使用微生态制剂无论对于健康人群还是疾病患者来说,都具有重要的意义。本文通过对肠道菌群相关疾病进行微生态方面的研究进行初步总结,为较全面理解和推广微生态制剂在不同人群中的应用提供思路。     

肠道微生态与疾病

作为人体微生态系统的重要组成部分之一,肠道微生态辅助人体进行营养物质的转化与吸收并与多个组织、器官存在密切的相互作用,是人体健康的重要保障。近年来利用宏基因组学和生物信息学技术对不同疾病人群的肠道微生态结构和特征进行分析表明,人体健康与肠道微生态存在密切而复杂的联系。在2型糖尿病、冠心病、肥胖、结肠癌、类风湿性关节炎等诸多疾病中开展的菌群研究为其复杂机制探索提供了新的思路,也为这些疾病的预防、预警、干预和治疗提供了新方法。同时,这些实践又进一步提升了我们对肠道微生态在人体健康中发挥作用的认知。     

女性生殖道微生物组学在生殖医学中的研究进展北大核心CSCD

女性生殖道是动态变化的微生态体系,存在着多种正常的微生物群落。生殖道微生物组是人体重要的微生态体系之一,与宿主、环境之间构成了相互制约、相互协调的微生态平衡,在维护女性生殖道健康中起到关键作用。临床上通过检测与评价健康或疾病状态下的生殖道微生态状况,可以及时发现生殖道疾病的危险因素,为不孕症的治疗提供指导与帮助。本文主要对近年来女性生殖道微生物组学的研究进展,特别是与生殖医学相关的进展加以综述,并展望生殖医学领域微生物组学未来的研究方向。     

Fmr1基因敲除型小鼠肠道菌群结构分析

目的探讨Fmr1基因敲除型小鼠粪便肠道细菌群落的结构及多样性。 方法利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对10份小鼠粪便样本进行测序分析并进行生物学分析。 结果两组样本测序共获得高质量序列325 280条，核心菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门。Anosim分析表明基因敲除(KO)组与正常野生型(WT)组小鼠两组间具有显著差异，组内样品重复性满足数据分析要求，Adonis分析表明本次检验可信度高(P<0.05)。LDA值展现KO组与WT组小鼠肠道微生态菌群有明显差异，基于Unifrac距离，Amova分析表明KO和WT组组间差异显著(P<0.05)。 结论KO组与WT组小鼠肠道微生物群落的结构及多样性存在显著差异且具有统计学意义，提示孤独症与肠道微生态系统密切相关，肠道微生态系统可能通过微生物代谢的间接作用影响孤独症的发生发展，但具体的作用机制仍需进一步的研究。     

基于肠道菌群探讨婴幼儿湿疹的防治进展

目的 从肠道菌群角度探讨婴幼儿湿疹的防治进展,为其后续研究和临床防治提供重要依据。方法 分析近10年基础和临床研究,综述肠道菌群与湿疹的关系以及肠道微生态制剂补充对婴幼儿湿疹的防治作用。结果 婴幼儿湿疹与肠道微生态和黏膜免疫应答系统发育尚未健全,对致敏原易感有关。肠道微生态制剂补通过补充益生菌和/或益生元,调整肠道菌群结构和宿主免疫平衡,修复微生物屏障,是预防和治疗婴幼儿湿疹的重要途径。结论 婴幼儿湿疹与肠道微生态及黏膜免疫系统未发育成熟有关,补充微生态制剂是其防治重要途径。     

肠道微生态与生殖障碍性疾病的相关研究进展

当前育龄人群的生殖健康面临前所未有的挑战, 不孕不育的患病率和不良妊娠结局的发生率逐年上升。肠道微生态作为人体的关键组成部分, 在一系列正常生命活动的进行中发挥着重要作用。肠道微生态的紊乱已被证明参与多种疾病的进程, 越来越多的研究表明, 肠道微生态的紊乱与生殖障碍性疾病的发生发展有关。因此, 本文将总结肠道微生态与女性生殖障碍性疾病的相关研究进展, 为其防治提供新的策略, 为提升育龄女性的生育力提供新的思路。     

肠道菌群功能研究进展

人体中寄居着大量的微生物,即共生菌群,这些菌群的基因总和称为微生物组。存在于人体中的各种菌群和微生物组对人体的健康和疾病发挥着重要作用。正常情况下肠道菌群与人体处于共生关系,具有防御外源性感染、促进免疫系统的成熟与平衡、营养与代谢等生理功能。肠道共生菌群的紊乱则与许多疾病有关,包括过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病、细菌感染和结肠癌等。     

Synthetic Microbiomes on the Rise—Application in Deciphering the Role of Microbes in Host Health and Disease

The intestinal microbiota conveys significant benefits to host physiology. Although multiple chronic disorders have been associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition and function, it is still unclear whether these changes are a cause or a consequence. Hence, to translate microbiome research into clinical application, it is necessary to provide a proof of causality of host–microbiota interactions. This is hampered by the complexity of the gut microbiome and many confounding factors. The application of gnotobiotic animal models associated with synthetic communities allows us to address the cause–effect relationship between the host and intestinal microbiota by reducing the microbiome complexity on a manageable level. In recent years, diverse bacterial communities were assembled to analyze the role of microorganisms in infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we outline their application and features. Furthermore, we discuss the differences between human-derived and model-specific communities. Lastly, we highlight the necessity of generating novel synthetic communities to unravel the microbial role associated with specific health outcomes and disease phenotypes. This understanding is essential for the development of novel non-invasive targeted therapeutic strategies to control and modulate intestinal microbiota in health and disease.     

中国国家出生队列母婴肠道微生物亚队列研究

肠道微生物对人类健康的重要性逐渐被人们关注。动物模型揭示了孕期母体微生物通过对子代微生物、代谢和免疫发育的作用影响了子代健康结局。然而,人体生理机制更为复杂,并受到多种暴露因素的交互影响,在动物模型中得到的研究结果往往与人群研究不一致。目前,孕期母体肠道微生物对子代微生物定植和健康的影响尚不明确。在大型前瞻性出生队列的...     

Role of the intestinal microbiome in health and disease: from correlation to causation

Recorded observations indicating an association between intestinal microbes and health are long-standing in terms of specific diseases, but emerging high-throughput technologies that characterize microbial communities in the intestinal tract are suggesting new roles for the supposedly normal microbiome. This review considers the nature of the evidence supporting a relationship between the microbiota and the predisposition to disease as associative, correlative, or causal. Altogether, indirect or associative support currently dominates the evidence base, which now suggests that the intestinal microbiome can be linked to a growing number of over 25 diseases or syndromes. While only a handful of cause-and-effect studies have been performed, this form of evidence is increasing. The results of such studies are expected to be useful in monitoring disease development, in providing a basis for personalized treatments, and in indicating future therapeutic avenues.     

肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌

肠道菌群可完成宿主生理所需的多种功能，如保护宿主免受病原体入侵，调节代谢、发育，维持免疫和神经系统的稳态。尽管肠道菌群受年龄、生活习惯、生理活动、激素水平、抗生素及放射治疗等因素的影响，但其在健康成人体内仍保持稳态。近年来，许多研究报道肠道菌群组成改变与恶性肿瘤和其他疾病的发生发展有关，如炎性肠病、高血压、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、肥胖、糖尿病、结直肠癌、乳腺癌等。有文献报道子宫内膜癌发生与PCOS、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压、高雌激素水平和年龄等因素有关；肠道菌群稳态的破坏会促进肥胖、高血压、PCOS及高雌激素水平的发生，提示肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌之间可能存在某种关联。本文总结近年来关于肠道菌群与子宫内膜癌风险因素的关联以及可能的肿瘤发生机制的研究进展，为日后继续研究子宫内膜癌的新型诊断、预后和治疗策略提供参考。     

Building a Beneficial Microbiome from Birth

The microbiota has recently been recognized as a driver of health that affects the immune, nervous, and metabolic systems. This influence is partially exerted through the metabolites produced, which may be relevant for optimal infant development and health. The gut microbiota begins developing early in life, and this initial colonization is remarkably important because it may influence long-term microbiota composition and activity. Considering that the microbiome may play a key role in health and disease, maintaining a protective microbiota could be critical in preventing dysbiosis-related diseases such as allergies, autoimmunity disorders, and metabolic syndrome. Breast milk and milk glycans in particular are thought to play a major role in shaping the early-life microbiota and promoting its development, thus affecting health. This review describes some of the effects the microbiota has on the host and discusses the role microbial metabolites play in shaping newborn health and development. We describe the gut microbiota structure and function during early life and the factors that determine its composition and hypothesize about the effects of human milk oligosaccharides and other prebiotic fibers on the neonatal microbiota.     

Managing the Microbiome: How the Gut Influences Development and Disease

The microbiome lies at the forefront of scientific research, as researchers work to uncover its mysterious influence on human development and disease. This paper reviews how the microbiome is studied, how researchers can improve its study, and what clinical applications microbiome research might yield. For this review, we analyzed studies concerning the role of the microbiome in disease and early development, the common methodologies by which the microbiome is researched in the lab, and modern clinical treatments for dysbiosis and their possible future applications. We found that the gut microbiome is essential for proper development of various physiological systems and that gut dysbiosis is a clear factor in the etiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we found that germ-free animal models and microbiome manipulation techniques are inadequate, reducing the efficacy of microbiome research. Nonetheless, research continues to show the significance of microbiome manipulation in the clinical treatment of disease, having shown great promise in the prevention and treatment of dysbiosis. Though the clinical applications of microbiome manipulation are currently limited, the significance of dysbiosis in the etiology of a wide array of diseases indicates the significance of this research and highlights the need for more effective research methods concerning the microbiome.     

The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Depression: The Potential Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Microbiota Combined Antidepression Effect

Depression is a kind of worldwide mental illness with the highest morbidity and disability rate, which is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. Experiments have demonstrated that the disorder of the intestinal microbial system structure plays a crucial role in depression. The gut–brain axis manifests a potential linkage between the digestion system and the central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, it has become an emerging trend to treat diseases by targeting intestinal microorganisms (e.g., probiotics) and combining the gut–brain axis mechanism. Combined with the research, we found that the incidence of depression is closely linked to the gut microbiota. Moreover, the transformation of the gut microbiota system structure is considered to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on the development of depression. This article reviewed the mechanism of bidirectional interaction in the gut–brain axis and existing symptom-relieving measures and antidepression treatments related to the gut microbiome.     

Docosahexaenoic Acid,Inflammation, and Bacterial Dysbiosis in Relation to Periodontal Disease,Inflammatory Bowel Disease,and the Metabolic Syndrome

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been used to treat a range of different conditions, including periodontal disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). That DHA helps with these oral and gastrointestinal diseases in which inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis play key roles, raises the question of whether DHA may assist in the prevention or treatment of other inflammatory conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome, which have also been linked with inflammation and alterations in normal host microbial populations. Here we review established and investigated associations between DHA, PD, and IBD. We conclude that by beneficially altering cytokine production and macrophage recruitment, the composition of intestinal microbiota and intestinal integrity, lipopolysaccharide- and adipose-induced inflammation, and insulin signaling, DHA may be a key tool in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.