血浆Hcy与急性心肌梗死预后关系的临床研究

目的探讨血浆高同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血症与急性心肌梗死(AM I)预后的关系。方法102例AM I患者分为高Hcy血症AM I组及Hcy正常AM I组,比较两组临床事件(泵衰竭、休克、心律失常、死亡)发生情况及梗死面积等。同时选择健康体检者25例为正常对照组,检测Hcy浓度并与AM I患者进行比较。结果AM I患者血浆Hcy浓度〔(28.29±5.14)μmol/L)〕明显高于正常对照组〔(10.66±2.75)μmol/L)〕(P<0.01);高Hcy AM I组梗死面积、病死率、心律失常、休克及泵衰竭发生率均高于Hcy正常AM I组(P<0.05);冠脉造影显示高Hcy血症与病变血管总数成正相关;多元回归分析表明高Hcy血症是强的心血管事件发生的预测因子(P<0.05)。结论高Hcy血症的AM I患者临床事件发生率明显增多,血管病变程度较Hcy正常者严重,高Hcy血症是AM I心血管事件发生的预测因子。     

高同型半胱氨酸血症与糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度关系及强化控制的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)之间的关系及强化控制对血Hcy和IMT的影响。方法应用酶联免疫法测定161例2型糖尿病患者及127名正常对照者的血浆Hcy水平,对糖尿病组给予降糖、降压及调脂治疗随访12个月,检测治疗前后颈动脉IMT、Hcy,分析血浆Hcy水平与IMT之间的关系及强化控制后二者的变化。结果(1)糖尿病组血浆Hcy水平高于正常对照组[(11.9±6.5)μmol/Lvs(9.0±4.9)μmol/L,P<0.01];糖尿病组高Hcy血症(Hcy>15μmol/L)的患病率为36.0%,对照组高Hcy血症的患病率为9.4%(P<0.01)。(2)糖尿病组中的高Hcy组随访12个月后其IMT为(1.01±0.32)mm,而正常Hcy组IMT为(0.83±0.19)mm(P<0.01)。(3)COX回归分析显示,高Hcy血症是2型糖尿病患者IMT增厚的危险因素(P<0.01,OR=1.079,95%CI为1.033~1.127)。结论高Hcy血症可能是2型糖尿病合并早期动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

冠心病并发糖尿病患者血同型半胱氨酸以及铜水平的相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)并发糖尿病(DM)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、铜(Cu)的水平及二者的相关性。方法以31例CHD并发2型DM患者(DM组)为研究对象,以同期不并发DM的CHD患者36例为对照组(非DM组),另选择健康对照组30例,测定外周血Hcy、Cu浓度、体质指数和血脂。结果DM组血Hcy、Cu[分别为(18.8±3.5)、(21.1±3.8)μmol/L]高于健康对照组[分别为(10.7±2.3)、(16.8±2.7)μmol/L](P<0.01)和非DM组[分别为(15.6±1.9)、(14.8±2.2)μmol/L],均P<0.05;非DM组Hcy高于健康对照组(P<0.01),而Cu水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CHD并发DM组患者血Hcy与Cu呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论高Hcy致DM患者发生冠状动脉硬化可能与Cu的协同作用有关。     

同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的研究血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴发糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法对60名T2DM患者进行24h尿蛋白,肾小球滤过率测定,并根据其结果分为单纯糖尿病组(DM)和DN组,另选择健康对照组20名。取空腹静脉血测定血糖(BG)、甘油三酯(TG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、Hcy。结果DM患者血浆Hcy水平〔(15.01±5.99)μmol/L〕较健康对照组〔(12.00±1.96)μmol/L〕有明显升高(P<0.001)。将Hcy≥15.80μmol/L作为高Hcy血症的诊断标准,将T2DM分为高Hcy组和无高Hcy组,高Hcy组DN发生率比无高Hcy组明显升高(50%vs26.8%)(P<0.05)。各危险因素与DN多元回归分析表明,Hcy与DN的发生有关。结论Hcy血症是T2DM、DN的一个独立危险因素,Hcy为DN早期发现和临床诊断提供了有力的指标。     

老年患者血清同型半胱氨酸与动脉粥样硬化相关疾病关系的研究

目的:了解老年人血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,探讨Hcy与年龄、性别、动脉粥样硬化(AS)相关疾病的关系。方法:采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)测定833例老年人血清Hcy水平,对不同性别、AS相关疾病的患者Hcy水平进行统计学分析。结果:本次研究发现不同程度肾功能减退的患者,其血清Hcy水平(38.18±11.55)μmol/L明显高于肾功能正常者(28.9±11.28)μmol/L,高血压和冠心病患者血清Hcy水平(30.11μmol/L±12.68μmol/L,32.02μmol/L±9.65μmol/L)高于高脂血症患者(27.54±11.09)μmol/L,高血压合并冠心病患者Hcy水平(34.03±10.61)μmol/L明显高于高脂血症患者并达到统计学显著性(P<0.05)。 结论:肾功能减退、AS相关疾病特别是冠心病和(或)高血压与高水平Hcy有密切关系。     

冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平变化的临床特点

目的研究冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平变化的临床特点.方法采用高压液相色谱法测定209例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和101例正常人(正常对照组)血浆Hcy水平.结果冠心病组血浆Hcy水平(23.42±26.87μmol/L)明显高于正常对照组(14.98±13.05μmol/L),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001),高Hcy血症所占比例(47.5%)高于正常对照组(20.6%),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001).冠心病组男性血浆总Hcy水平(24.85±28.38μmol/L)高于正常对照组男性(15.54±12.85μmnol/L),有非常显著差异(P＜0.001),而在冠心病女性(13.33±4.88μmnol/L)和正常对照组女性(13.23±13.75μmol/L)之间没有差异.并且,急性心肌梗塞患者血浆总Hcy水平明显高于心绞痛患者,零支、单支、双支、三支血管有病变者血浆总Hcy水平呈逐级上升趋势.结论我国冠心病患者血浆总Hcy水平明显升高,高Hcy血症所占比例较大,而Hcy对冠心病患者的影响主要在男性可能更明显.     

缺血性脑卒中病人血清同型半胱氨酸水平的变化

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法采用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)对63例缺血性脑卒中病人(卒中组)及31名健康人(健康组)血清Hcy水平进行测定。结果缺性脑卒中组病人血清Hcy水平为(18.42±3.01)μmol/L,明显高于健康组的(12.16±2.54)μmol/L(P<0.01),且多发性脑卒中组又高于单发性脑卒中组及对照组(P<0.01)。结论高Hcy血症可能是导致缺血性脑卒中尤其是多发性脑卒中的重要原因之一。     

主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤与高血浆同型半胱氨酸

目的观察主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的水平。方法病例组为确诊的106例主动脉夹层患者及38例主动脉瘤患者,对照组为199例在性别、高血压病史、饮酒史等与病例组相匹配的门诊查体者。常规检测血生化指标,高效液相方法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸。结果主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤组血浆Hcy水平较对照组增高,分别为(19.75±12.77)μmol/L和(13.43±5.15)μmol/L,(P<0.001),病例组高血浆同型半胱氨酸患者的比率高于对照组,分别为67.4%和38.5%(P<0.01)。主动脉夹层组血浆Hcy水平较主动脉瘤组稍高,分别为(20.25±13.96)μmol/L和(18.76±8.55)μmol/L,但差异不显著。主动脉夹层急性期与慢性期组的血浆Hcy水平无差别。将病例组按性别分层后,血浆Hcy水平与对照组相比,仅女性主动脉瘤组无差异,其余各组均显著增高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤组血浆Hcy水平较对照组增高,高血浆Hcy与主动脉夹层合并主动脉瘤的发生、发展密切相关。     

叶酸缺乏对大鼠同型半胱氨酸水平及动脉损伤的影响

目的观察叶酸缺乏饮食对大鼠血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平及动脉组织的影响.方法雄性Wistar大鼠20只均分成2组,分别给予叶酸缺乏(叶酸缺乏组)和叶酸正常(对照组)饲料,饲养3个月后检测血清叶酸和血浆Hcy浓度及红细胞超氧化歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活力,实验后光镜检查主动脉组织学变化.结果叶酸缺乏组实验后血清叶酸浓度[(6.08±1.84)μg/L]明显低于实验前[(13.32±2.02)μg/L]和对照组[(12.17±1.67)μg/L],而血浆Hcy浓度[(28.66±6.07)μmol/L]明显高于实验前[(9.75±1.86)μmol/L]和对照组[(9.49±1.77)μmol/L,P＜0.01];红细胞SOD[(37389.5±5158.4)NU/g*Hb]高于对照组[(30355.7±6349.2)NU/g*Hb],GPX活力[(10.94±3.05)U/L]低于对照组[(17.93±3.05)U/L,P＜0.05];主动脉组织出现内皮细胞肿胀、变性、脱落,裸露的内膜附有血栓和胶原纤维,内皮下组织疏松并出现平滑肌细胞,内弹力膜断裂,中膜明显增厚.结论叶酸缺乏饮食可引发高Hcy血症和动脉损伤,高Hcy血症诱导体内高氧化应激可能是动脉损伤机制之一.     

肥胖者血清肿瘤坏死因子α与胰岛素水平的关系:附30例报告

肥胖组和正常对照组各30例,分别于空腹及馒头(100g)餐后2小时抽取肘静脉血,以放射免疫法测定。结果:肥胖组空腹、餐后血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)水平比较无统计学差异,对照组餐后TNFα水平(0.15±0.02)μg/L较空腹(0.13±0.03)μg/L明显升高,P<0.01;肥胖组空腹TNFα水平(0.17±     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.