鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药性和同源性分析

目的了解重症监护病房（ICU）的多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药谱特征及菌株同源性,为临床防治和控制院内感染提供依据。方法收集ICU重症监护病房2009年1～3月分离出的9株鲍曼不动杆菌,研究其耐药情况,并采用自动ribotyping技术进行同源性分析。结果 9株菌对头孢菌素类,氨基甙类等抗菌素均显示出较高水平的耐药性;ribotyping分型9株菌有高度同源性,其中7株同源性达90%以上。结论自ICU分离的鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药率较高,且大多数菌株有高度同源性,因此,医院应加强ICU病房消毒隔离措施,降低病人院内感染的概率     

ICU多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性和同源性分析

目的通过对重症监护病房（ICU）的多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌进行同源性分析,进行院内感染的基线调查,并分析其耐药谱特征,为临床防治和控制院内感染提供依据。方法测定17种抗菌药物对62株鲍曼不动杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,并采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术分析其耐药株的同源性。结果有16株鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢菌素类、氨基甙类和氟喹若酮类等抗菌素均显示出较高水平的多重耐药性;其中4株RAPD分型显示有高度同源性。结论分离自ICU的鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药率高达21％,且大多数菌株有高度同源性。因此建立全面的药敏谱和RAPD基因分型体系,加强鲍曼不动杆菌耐药监测,为及时找到感染源头、有效控制医院感染提供依据。     

重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及同源性

目的检测分离自重症监护病房(ICU)的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及其间的同源性。方法20株鲍曼不动杆菌分离自2005年5~8月我院ICU病人的标本,物体表面,肥皂盒,呼吸机管道和穿刺导管以及医务人员的手。采用纸片扩散法及E-test法进行药敏试验及MIC值测定,用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对20株鲍曼不动杆菌进行分型。结果15株对包括碳青霉烯类在内的多种抗生素耐药,2株仅对碳青霉烯类等少数抗生素敏感,3株对大多数抗生素敏感。14株有高度同源性,3、14号株同源,12、19号株同源。结论分离自ICU的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率高。大多数菌株有高度同源性,1号株可能是交叉感染的源头。     

重症监护病房多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出情况及耐药性分析

目的探讨重症监护病房多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出情况及耐药性分析。方法选择2015年1月至2015年12月本院重症监护病房的病人进行多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌流行病学监测:从病人进入重症监护病房开始直至离开,同时采集监测病人临床标本、病人体表定植菌、重症监护病房空气和物体表面、医务人员手等方面入手,连续采集标本,培养存在的鲍曼不动杆菌。得出本院ICU病房鲍曼不动杆菌的定植率和耐药性分析。结果 2015年1-12月共检出159株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌,其中1月-3月检出39株,4-6月检出42株,7-9月检出37株,10-12月检出41株,病人临床标本定值率均在90%以上;多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对多种抗菌药物的耐药率均达到99%以上,对米诺环素的耐药率为25.32%。结论多重耐药不动杆菌的基础率较高,且耐药性严重,应当在临床治疗中严格控制抗生素的使用范围及使用量。     

我院ICU病房2008年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性分析

目的 了解2008年我院重症监护病房(ICU)患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特点及耐药趋势,分析引起ICU鲍曼不动杆菌感染的原因,指导临床正确面对鲍曼不动杆菌感染,合理使用抗生素.方法 做细菌培养及鉴定,并以纸片法(K-B法)测定一年来150株鲍曼不动杆菌对16种抗菌药的耐药率.结果 共分离鉴定鲍曼不动杆菌150株,其中源于呼吸道的105株,占68 %,居首位;鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药,耐药率最低的是亚胺培南2.2 %,其次是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦3.7%.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌已成为医院感染尤其是ICU感染的主要致病菌,在抗生素治疗过程中极易变异而形成多重耐药;对多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌感染的患者应以亚胺培南和β-内酰胺酶抗菌抑制剂作为第一线抗菌药物;病情严重尤其是全耐药时,可联合用药,提高疗效.耐碳青霉烯类药物菌株的出现,提示临床用抗菌药物时应严格掌握用药指标.ICU病房应加强消毒隔离措施,阻隔各种可能的传播媒介,避免鲍曼不动杆菌的交叉感染.     

重症监护室多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染暴发的调查分析

目的对分离自重症监护室(ICU)患者及环境中的鲍曼不动杆菌进行同源性分析,判断ICU是否存在院内感染暴发流行。方法使用贝克曼Microscan Walkaway 40 plus鉴定及药敏分析仪对分离自ICU患者及环境中的鲍曼不动杆菌进行鉴定及抗菌药物敏感性试验,采用肠杆菌科基因组间重复序列(ERIC-PCR)对分离到的鲍曼不动杆菌进行同源性分析,结合流行病学调查结果,寻找导致院内感染暴发的原因。结果从ICU患者及环境中共分离出20株鲍曼不动杆菌,其中19株为多重耐药菌,1株为泛耐药菌。20株鲍曼不动杆菌共分为3型(A-C型),其中17株属于C型。结论本次ICU多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染暴发流行由C型引起,含有多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的气溶胶可能是引起此次院内感染暴发流行的原因。     

医院流行性多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药及同源性分析

目的了解重症监护病房爆发流行的多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药谱特征及其同源性。为临床防治提供依据。方法4株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌分离自外科重症监护病房（SICU）的感染惠者，采用E—TEST检测药物的MIC值，肠杆菌科基因组内重复一致序列聚合酶链反应（ERIC—PCR）进行克隆株的DNA分型。结果4株菌除对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦复合制剂的MIC值较低外，对头孢菌素类、氨基糖甙类和氟喹喏酮类等抗菌素均显示出了较高水平的多重耐药性；DNA分型证实为同一克隆株。结论本组鲍曼不动杆菌为多重耐药株，同一克隆株在不同感染个体间的相互传播导致了本次医院内感染的流行。     

重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌5年感染的流行及耐药性分析

鲍曼不动杆菌是常见的条件致病菌，是重症监护病房（ICU）患者中引起医院获得性感染的常见病原菌之一。随着抗菌药物的广泛应用，鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性呈上升趋势，且近年来耐药株迅速增加，并出现多重耐药株，其耐药现象日益严重。为了解鲍曼不动杆菌的分布及耐药情况，我们对绍兴第二医院ICU收集的76株鲍曼不动杆菌进行分析，现报道如下。     

我院ICU病区2009年鲍曼不动杆菌检出率及耐药性分析

目的了解我院2009年重症监护病房（ICU）患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特点及耐药趋势,指导临床正确面对鲍曼不动杆菌感染,合理使用抗生素。方法做细菌培养及鉴定,并以MIC法测定1年来235株鲍曼不动杆菌对19种抗菌药的耐药率。结果共分离鉴定鲍曼不动杆菌235株;鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药,耐药率最低的是粘菌素及多粘菌素B（0％）,其次是美满霉素（10．2％）。结论鲍曼不动杆菌已成为医院感染尤其是ICU感染的主要致病菌,在抗生素治疗过程中极易变异而形成多重耐药;对多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌感染的患者应以亚胺培南和B一内酰胺酶抗菌抑制剂作为第一线抗菌药物;ICU病房应加强消毒隔离措施,避免鲍曼不动杆菌的交叉感染和院内感染的扩张。     

外科重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌耐药监测及相关因素分析

目的:为了解外科重症监护病房患者鲍曼不动杆菌的标本分布及耐药性特点,对碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌相关因素进行分析,以期更好地预防和控制耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的产生和传播。方法:对2011年1月～2012年12月外科重症监护病房患者检出的鲍曼不动杆菌进行耐药监测,并对患者相关信息进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:外科重症监护病房分离336株鲍曼不动杆菌以痰标本为主(283株占84.2%);2012年碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出率(87.8%)与2011年检出率(65.3%)相比明显升高,有显著差异。结论:2011年～2012年外科重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率不断上升,为避免院内传播流行,应加强耐药菌监控管理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.