心脏起搏器并发症45例分析

目的探讨置入心脏起搏器并发症发生的原因及处理措施。方法对45例置入或更换起搏器出现并发症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果发生囊袋血肿11例,电极脱位4例,心室颤动2例,切口和（或）囊袋感染7例,阈值一过性升高5例,感知不良5例,气胸4例,心室电极误入冠状静脉窦2例,脑栓塞2例,上腔静脉阻塞综合征2例,心包填塞1例。结论应加强对置入起搏器常见并发症的认识,严格术中规范操作,加强术后随访,尽可能将并发症降到最低。     

Frequency and significance of M-mode echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse in clinically isolated pure mitral regurgitation: analysis of 65 patients having mitral valve replacement

To assess the reliability of M-mode echocardiographic patterns of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) (echo MVP) in detection of morphologic evidence of MVP (morphologic MVP), operatively excised mitral valves and corresponding M-mode echocardiograms from 65 patients with chronic, severe, isolated, pure mitral regurgitation (MR) were studied. Of the 65 patients, 45 (69%) had echo MVP (either holosystolic or mid-to-late systolic prolapse patterns on preoperative M-mode echograms) and 42 (93%) of them had morphologic MVP; of the 3 without morphologic MVP, 2 had ruptured chordae tendineae from infective endocarditis and 1 had papillary muscle dysfunction from atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Of the 20 patients without echo MVP, 14 (70%) had no morphologic MVP (9 had papillary muscle dysfunction from coronary heart disease, 4 had infective endocarditis on previous normal valves and 1 had rheumatic heart disease). Of the 48 patients with morphologic MVP, 42 (88%) had echo MVP and most had considerably dilated mitral anulae; the other 6 had ruptured chordae tendineae with less degrees of anular dilatation. Of the 17 patients without morphologic MVP, 3 had echo MVP (coronary artery disease in 1 and infective endocarditis on a previous normal valve in 2); of the 14 with neither echo nor morphologic MVP, 9 had papillary muscle dysfunction from coronary artery disease, 4 had infective endocarditis on previously normal valves and 1 had rheumatic heart disease. The patients with very dilated mitral anuli and leaflet areas generally had holosystolic (hammocking) patterns on echo; the patients with small anuli and leaflet areas usually had mid-to-late systolic (buckling) prolapse patterns.     

Piperazinedione in patients with advanced malignant melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Piperazinedione was administered in doses of 9 or 12 mg/m2 by iv infusion every 3 weeks in 28 patients with previously treated malignant melanoma. Of the 25 evaluable patients, 72% had drug-induced toxicity: 40% had leukopenia, 56% had thrombocytopenia, 40% had anemia, and 16% had nausea and vomiting. None of these patients had partial remission, two had stable disease, and the remaining 23 had definite progression of their disease in spite of adequate trial with this agent.     

糖尿病患者应用尿液分析仪检测尿糖检验和血糖检验的价值

目的分析糖尿病患者应用尿液分析仪检测尿糖检验和血糖检验的临床价值。方法选定该院2019年8月—2020年8月收治的100例糖尿病患者,分别给予尿糖检验、血糖检验,对比两组检测准确率以及检验结果。结果血糖检测准确率(100.00%)高于尿糖检测准确率(95.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5例尿糖结果为"-"的患者中,2例FPG≥7.8 mmol/L,3例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,1例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,4例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。18例尿糖结果为"±"的患者中,10例FPG≧7.8 mmol/L,8例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,9例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,9例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。20例尿糖结果为"+"的患者中,12例FPG≥7.8 mmol/L,8例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,13例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,7例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。21例尿糖结果为"2+"的患者中,15例FPG≥7.8 mmol/L,6例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,14例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,7例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。25例尿糖结果为"3+"的患者中,15例FPG≥7.8 mmol/L,10例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,16例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,9例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。11例尿糖结果为"4+"的患者中,7例FPG≥7.8 mmol/L,4例FPG<7.8 mmol/L,6例2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L,5例2 hPG<11.1 mmol/L。结论糖尿病患者采纳血糖检验,可提高检验准确率,可用于糖尿病患者疾病的初步筛查,临床应用价值较高,值得借鉴。     

Persistence of immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi 10-20 years after active Lyme disease.

The interpretation of serological results for patients who had Lyme disease many years ago is not well defined. We studied the serological status of 79 patients who had had Lyme disease 10-20 years ago and did not currently have signs or symptoms of active Lyme disease. Of the 40 patients who had had early Lyme disease alone, 4 (10%) currently had IgM responses to Borrelia burgdorferi, and 10 (25%) still had IgG reactivity to the spirochete, as determined by a 2-test approach (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). Of the 39 patients who had had Lyme arthritis, 6 (15%) currently had IgM responses and 24 (62%) still had IgG reactivity to the spirochete. IgM or IgG antibody responses to B. burgdorferi may persist for 10-20 years, but these responses are not indicative of active infection.     

Airway hyperresponsiveness and acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell anemia

To determine the occurrence and magnitude of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who had or had not had acute chest syndrome (ACS) episodes. A subsidiary aim was to determine whether cold air and exercise challenge testing gave similar results in children with SCA. AHR would be greater in SCA children who had had an ACS episode compared to those who had not. Prospective observational study. Forty-two SCA children (median age of 11.5 [range 6.1-16.8] years); 12 children had been previously hospitalized for an ACS episode. AHR was assessed by the change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) to a cold air challenge and in a subset of the children to an exercise challenge. A positive result to either challenge was deemed to have occurred if the FEV1 fell by at least 10% from the pre-challenge baseline. The magnitude of change in FEV1 following the cold air challenge was similar in children who had or had not had an ACS episode. Six children had a positive response to the cold air challenge (AHR); none had had an ACS hospitalization. Similar proportions of children responded to the cold air and exercise challenge and the magnitude of response to the two tests was similar. Some children, however, responded only to a cold air challenge and others only to an exercise challenge. SCA children who had had an ACS hospitalization episode compared to those who had not were not more likely to respond to a cold air challenge. Importantly, if AHR is to be correctly diagnosed, some SCA children will require to undergo both cold air and exercise challenge testing.     

颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者侧支循环对脑梗死的影响

目的 探讨颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者侧支循环的状况与脑梗死的关系。方法 将脑血管造影发现颈内动脉狭窄〉70％的患者62例（6例闭塞）分为有症状组（41例）和无症状组（21例），根据头部MRI上梗死灶的部位、大小和形状，将梗死灶分为小穿支动脉供血区梗死、大穿支动脉供血区梗死、皮质支动脉供血区梗死、大面积梗死及分水岭区梗死。通过观察Willis环的完整性及其他次级侧支循环途径，分析侧支循环与脑梗死的关系。结果 ①有症状组患者在MRI上均有脑梗死灶，表现为小穿支动脉供血区梗死8例、大穿支动脉供血区梗死6例、分水岭区梗死10例，大、小穿支动脉供血区同时梗死9例、穿支动脉供血区梗死合并分水岭区梗死4例、皮质支动脉供血区梗死2例、大面积梗死2例；在无症状组，有分水岭区梗死1例、穿支动脉供血区梗死合并分水岭区梗死7例，其余13例无梗死灶。②有症状组中，Willis环前、后循环均完整5例、前半循环完整12例、后半循环完整8例、前后循环均不完整16例；无症状组中，Willis环前、后循环均完整14例、前半循环完整4例、后半循环完整2例、前后循环均不完整1例。症状组Willis环的开放程度均低于无症状组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。③症状组次级侧支代偿——眼动脉、大脑前动脉和大脑后动脉的皮质支侧支代偿分别为3、8和5例，无症状组分别为1、6和3例。两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者是否出现脑梗死与Willis环开放的程度有关，可能与次级侧支代偿途径无关。     

永久性心脏起搏器置入术397例并发症分析

目的探讨永久性心脏起搏器置入术的并发症及防治措施。方法采取回顾性分析方法,对1994年1月至2010年12月期间置入的397台次永久性起博器手术并发症进行总结。结果在397例置入永久性起搏器的患者中,发生起搏器并发症的共25例,其中囊袋血肿6例、囊袋感染3例、囊袋皮肤破溃2例、电极导线脱位3例、电极导线断裂1例、电极漏电1例、膈肌抽动1例、误穿锁骨下动脉并置入鞘管1例,气胸2例,起搏器综合征5例。结论永久性心脏起搏器置入术是一项成熟的技术,手术并发症相对较少,在本组病例中占6．29％,且没有危及生命的严重并发症。并发症主要发生在开展手术的前5年中,随着技术和器械的发展,并发症逐步减少,且积累了一定经验,值得同行借鉴。     

The heart and cardiac conduction system in polymyositis-dermatomyositis: A clinicopathologic study of 16 autopsied patients

We reviewed the clinical records of 16 patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis syndromes autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to determine the nature and extent of cardiac involvement and its correlation with the severity of disease as a whole. The adult patients ranged in age from 32 to 84 years (average 56); the 2 children were aged 2 and 10 years. The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 72 months (average 21). Seven patients had dermatomyositis, 5 had dermatomyositls with malignancy, 2 had childhood dermatomyositis and 2 had an overlap syndrome. Seven patients had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, 4 of whom had microscopic evidence of myocarditis. Two patients had bundle branch block; in 1 there was direct involvement of the conduction system by myositis and contraction band necrosis. Evidence of active myocarditis was present in 4 patients (25 %); all had congestive failure. Focal myocardial flbrosis was present in 4 patients. Vascular alterations were present in the coronary arteries in 5 patients (31 %). Three had active vasculitis, 1 had Intimai proliferation and 1 had medial sclerosis with calcification. All patients with active myocarditis had skeletal muscle involvement. Nine patients had myositis without myocarditis. There was no correlation of overall severity of the disease with the presence or absence of active myocarditis. The present study shows that cardiac involvement may be common in polymyositis; congestive failure or conduction abnormalities arising in this setting may be indicative of myocarditis.     

Community hospital experience with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction

Clinical features, outcomes, and hospital charges of 51 consecutive patients who had had acute myocardial infarction (MI) and who had received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) at a community teaching hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The overall mortality rate was 22%, including four patients (8%) who had died of hemorrhagic complications, three of whom (6%) had had intracerebral hemorrhages. Despite similar mean ages and lengths of hospital stay, TPA patients had had significantly higher total hospital charges and ancillary charges than had had concurrent MI patients who had not received TPA (p less than 0.0001). In a community hospital setting, older patients may be at higher risk for intracranial hemorrhage when treated with TPA, especially in the presence of other risk factors.     

Prevalence of oral lesions and percent CD4+ T-lymphocytes in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy

This study examined prevalence of oral lesions and how it relates to CD4 percentages in vertically infected children with HIV undergoing combination antiretroviral therapy. One hundred two HIV-infected children between the ages of 3 and 15 years attending a specialized pediatric outpatient clinic were examined for oral lesions, and their CD4 percent and viral load extracted from their medical records. Of the 102 HIV-infected children, 69% had evidence of oral pathology and 31% were disease free. The proportion with disease was: 20.6% had conventional gingivitis, 19.6% had dental caries in their primary and permanent teeth combined, 13.7% had depapillated tongue, 3.9% had early childhood caries, 2.9% had oral candidiasis, 2% had bilateral enlarged parotid gland, 1% had median rhomboid glossitis, 1% had enlarged cervical lymph nodes and 2% had other developmental abnormalities. In the group with no evidence of suppression 15% had gingival lesion, 14% tongue lesion, and 1% parotid enlargement, and in the severe suppression group 55% had gingival lesion, 45% had tongue lesion, 9% had enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and another 9% had parotid gland enlargement. The association between conventional gingivitis and low CD4 percent was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Compared to previous studies, overall prevalence estimates of oral lesions in this study was low. Children with low CD4 percent had more oral lesions, consistent with results from other HIV studies.     

Celiac disease suspected at endoscopy in patients with chronic liver disease

Endoscopic findings of celiac disease have high specificity and sensitivity. We evaluated records of 137 consecutive patients who had endotherapy for variceal hemorrhage, and who had features of celiac disease at endoscopy; patients who had such markers at endoscopy had undergone duodenal histology and serology. Thirty-one patients had changes of portal hypertensive vasculopathy in the duodenum, 8 had scalloping, and 6 had mosaic pattern; 3 patients also had decreased fold height or sparse folds in the descending duodenum. Six of these 8 patients had positive serology and histology suggestive of celiac disease. Endoscopic evaluation resulted in diagnosis of CD in 4.37% patients of chronic liver disease undergoing endotherapy.     

Monosomy 7 predisposes to diabetes insipidus in leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

We studied the chromosomes in the bone marrow of 4 patients who had both diabetes insipidus (DI) and acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Clinical findings suggested that, in each case, myelodysplastic syndrome had preceded the onset of acute leukaemia. Two other such patients described in the literature had had a banded karyotype study of bone marrow cells. All 6 patients had deletions of chromosome 7. 3 had monosomy 7 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality, 2 had monosomy 7 associated with other clonal abnormalities and 1 had del(7)(q22) in association with other abnormalities. These data suggest that monosomy 7 or perhaps monosomy for 7q22-qter predisposes to DI. The mechanism by which the proposed predisposition is produced remains to be clarified.     

Retained mucosa after double-stapled ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis

A study was undertaken to assess the incidence of inflammation and dysplasia in retained mucosa after double-stapled ileoanal reservoir (IAR) for mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC). Between September 1988 and February 1992, 56 patients with MUC underwent an IAR. Forty-five patients had a double-stapled IAR (DS-IAR), seven patients had a transanal pursestring stapled IAR (PS-IAR), and four patients had a PS-IAR with mucosectomy. Distal donuts obtained from the stapled IAR were submitted for pathologic review in 55 patients. Nine patients had only small bowel, connective tissue, and/or muscle noted on review. Mucosa was qualified as squamous epithelium (SE), transitional epithelium (TE), or columnar epithelium (CE). All samples were examined for evidence of inflammation and dysplasia. Four patients had SE only, one patient had TE, and 18 had CE. In addition, three patients had SE and CE, seven patients had SE and TE, two patients had CE and TE, and nine patients had all three types. The distance from the dentate line to the anastomosis ranged from 0 to 2.5 cm (mean, 1 cm). In 19 patients (35 percent), the distal donut revealed MUC. Of these 19 patients, six had persistent MUC (43 percent) at the time of subsequent biopsy. An additional four patients had MUC evident on follow-up biopsy but not on distal donuts; two of these four patients had no mucosa in their distal donuts. Only one of the patients with evidence of MUC on donuts and/or biopsy experienced any symptoms referable to active MUC (1.8 percent). None of the specimens examined had any evidence of dysplasia. In 31 patients, no MUC was present in the initial donuts or follow-up biopsies. Although the double-stapled technique appears safe, periodic monitoring is suggested.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Francisco, California, June 7 to 12, 1992.     

永久起搏器并发症的临床分析

目的 观察植入永久性心脏起搏器的并发症情况,寻找其原因,并探讨其防治策略.方法 对382例植入或更换起搏器出现并发症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 并发症情况：囊袋血肿15例,电极脱位8例,电极断裂2例,囊袋破溃并（或）感染4例,感知不良6例,起搏器综合征5例,弄摆综合征1例,静脉血栓形成1例.结论 应加强对植入起搏器常见并发症的认识,严格术中规范操作,加强术后随访,尽可能将并发症降到最低.     

Diabetes and insurance: a survey of patient experience

A survey of 186 diabetic patients examined their collective experience of life and motor insurance. Some form of life insurance policy had been obtained by 150 patients, with a combined total of 204 policies, 107 of which had been agreed before the diagnosis of diabetes. Most patients had declared diabetes to the insurer but 12 patients had been refused acceptance. Only 15 patients sought alternative quotations. The premium had been loaded by 10-40% for 36 patients because of diabetes, and 48 required a medical report. Of 147 diabetic drivers, 95 (65%) had declared diabetes either to the Licensing authority, or to the motor insurer, but only 62 (42%) had informed both. Fourteen patients had been refused motor insurance cover by individual companies, and 36 patients were aware of having had their premium increased, but only 16 patients had sought alternative quotations. Major differences in attitude with regard to diabetes as a risk factor for insurance are evident, and patients should be advised to approach several companies when seeking insurance cover.     

Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease mainly affects the bowel but also has extraintestinal manifestations. AIMS: To report the frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece. PATIENTS; The data files of 256 inflammatory bowel disease patients (diagnosis between 1983-19971 were analysed. METHODS: Retrospective investigation of patient files. RESULTS: In patients with ulcerative colitis: 13.9% (30/215) had developed skin manifestations, 6% (13/215) had kidney stones, 1.39% (3/215) had iridocyclitis, 1.86% (4/215) had primary sclerosing cholangitis, 4.18% (9/215) had sacroiliitis, 8.31% (18/215) had peripheral arthalgias, 2.3% (5/215) had colitic arthritis and finally 1.39% (3/215) had deep vein thrombosis). In patients with Crohn's disease: 24.3% (9/37) had developed skin manifestations, 5.4% (2/37) had kidney stones, 2.7% (1/37) had iridocyclitis, 16.2% (6/37) had sacroiliitis, 8.1% (3/37) had peripheral arthralgias, 5.4% (2/37) had colitic arthritis and, finally, 8.1% (3/37) had deep vein thrombosis. Sacroiliitis (p = 0.01), deep vein thrombosis (p = 0.04) and erythmema nodosum (p = 0.01) were more common in patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Extraintestinal manifestations are not rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially in Crohn's disease patients, in our area, but have, generally, a mild profile.     

内镜下支架置入术治疗消化道狭窄273例

目的:探讨内镜下支架置入术治疗消化道狭窄的临床疗效、安全性及患者的治疗满意度.方法:273例消化道狭窄患者,食管贲门狭窄242例,胃十二指肠狭窄24例,结肠直肠狭窄7例;恶性狭窄256例,良性狭窄17例,所有患者均有不同程度的消化道梗阻症状,其中15例合并食管气管瘘,均行内镜直视下支架置入术,术后观察临床疗效和不良反应...     

Predicting failure following shunting of pleural effusions

We placed 43 shunts in 34 patients in five years. Twenty-four had malignant effusions and ten had benign effusions. Thirty-one patients had unilateral shunts, three had bilateral shunts and six required revisions for shunt failure. Two patients died after shunt placement from disease progression. Of the nine patients who experienced poor results, one was noncompliant in operating the shunt and eight had occluded shunts. In the 30 patients, who were compliant and had adequate length of follow-up, five had excellent results, 12 had good results, and five had fair results. Two of the patients with occluded shunts had good results after shunt revision; 24 patients had some symptomatic relief with shunting. Evaluation of factors including a history of prior abdominal surgery, performance status, and pleural fluid cell counts, differential, chemistries, and cytology revealed no significant differences between the patients who experienced shunt failure and those who had patent shunts. Shunting of pleural effusions is well tolerated and has good success rates in properly selected patients.     

50例缺血性结肠炎患者的临床特点分析

目的探讨缺血性结肠炎(ischemic colitis,IC)的临床特点,提高对该病的认识,做到早诊断、早治疗。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年6月在苏州大学附属第一医院确诊的50例IC住院患者的临床资料。结果50例IC患者年龄(63.14±9.83)岁,多见于50~70岁年龄段(70.0%),以女性居多(62.0%),50例中饮酒者占12.0%,吸烟者占10.0%。临床表现主要有便血(92.0%)、腹痛(92.0%),有时可见腹泻(18.0%)、呕吐(18.0%)、发热(10.0%)、便秘(6.0%);多伴有高血压(34.0%)、糖尿病(20.0%)、肾囊肿(10.0%)、脑血管疾病(10.0%)等基础疾病及口服降压药、降血糖药、激素等药物史,12例有腹部手术史,4例有结肠炎史,4例有肠息肉史;5例合并房颤,4例合并肺结核,3例合并肾上腺疾病,2例合并特发性血小板减少性紫癜,2例合并动脉粥样硬化。2例合并风湿性心脑病,2例合并慢性肾病,1例合并肝血管瘤,1例合并白癜风,1例合并甲亢,1例合并痛风,1例合并深静脉血栓。结肠镜下病变多呈节段性分布,多有充血、水肿、糜烂,树枝状血管影,也可有溃疡,附着黄白苔。所有患者经内科治疗好转出院,以其首次诊断为IC为起点,随访至今,共有3例复发。结论IC的症状呈多样性、非典型性,全面了解IC患者的高危因素及早期结肠镜和活检检查有助于早期识别IC。