昂丹司琼用于胃癌根治术后静脉自控镇痛对恶心呕吐的影响

目的观察昂丹司琼用于胃癌根治术后静脉自控镇痛（pafients-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA）对术后恶心呕吐的影响。方法根据术后静脉自控镇痛给药方式不同将胃癌根治术病人90例随机分为3组,A组（昂丹司琼组,n=31）：芬太尼1mg＋昂丹司琼16mg;B组（氟哌利多组,n=30）：芬太尼1mg＋氟哌利多5mg;C组（对照组,n=29）：芬太尼1mg。将上述各组药物加等渗盐水配成100ml。输注速率为2ml／h．单次自控量为2ml。锁定时间15min,维持时间48h。观察病人术后48h恶心、呕吐次数、疼痛程度及镇静评分。结果3组间镇痛评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;A组镇静评分小于B组（P〈0。05）;A组及B组术后恶心、呕吐发生率明显小于C组（P〈0．05）。结论昂丹司琼用于胃癌根治术后静脉自控镇痛对术后恶心、呕吐有预防作用,效果与氟哌利多无差异,但对术后镇静作用小于氟哌利多。     

昂丹司琼复合氟哌利多预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的:探讨昂丹司琼复合氟哌利多对妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的预防作用.方法:选用120例妇科腹腔镜手术病人随机分成A、B、C、D四组,分别给予氟哌利多2 mg、昂丹司琼4mg、昂丹司琼4mg 氟哌利多2mg、生理盐水于诱导前10分钟静脉注射,观察术后24小时恶心、呕吐发生情况.结果:四组病人恶心发生率情况:A、B、C组恶心发生率明显低于D组(P<0.05),与A、B组比较,C组的恶心发生率明显降低(P<0.05).四组病人呕吐发生率情况:A、B、C组呕吐发生率明显低于D组(P<0.05),与A、B组比较,C组的呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05).结论:预注昂丹司琼联合小剂量氟哌利多可较好地预防腹腔镜妇科手术后恶心呕吐的发生率,比单独使用效果更好.     

昂丹司琼﹑氟哌利多复合地塞米松预防妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的观察

目的:研究昂丹司琼、氟哌利多复合地塞米松对妇科腹腔镜手术后恶心呕吐的预防作用.方法:选择择期妇科腹腔镜手术150例患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄23～65岁,体重40～75kg.随机分成A、B、C、D、F五组,分别给予氟哌利多2mg、昂丹司琼4mg、地塞米松5mg、昂丹司琼4mg+氟哌利多2mg+地塞米松5mg、生理盐水1...     

格拉司琼复合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的观察

目的:观察格拉司琼复合氟哌利多预防腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的效果。方法:将病人随机均分为4组:A组(格拉司琼组)、B组(氟哌利多组)、C组(格拉司琼加氟哌利多组)、D组(对照组)。分别预注格拉司琼3mg,氟哌利多2mg,格拉司琼3mg加氟哌利多2mg和生理盐水10ml,观察手术后病人的PONV的发生情况及严重程度。结果:A、B、C组恶心、呕吐发生率明显低于D组(P<0.05),与A、B组比较,C组的PONV发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:预注格拉司琼联合小剂量氟哌利多可较好地预防腹腔镜术后PONV的发生率,比单独使用时效果更好。     

昂丹司琼、氟哌利多及氟哌利多复合地塞米松预防剖宫产术后舒芬太尼持续镇痛所致的恶心呕吐

目的探讨昂丹司琼、氟哌利多及氟哌利多复合地塞米松对剖宫产术后舒芬太尼持续镇痛所致的恶心呕吐的预防作用。方法 150例腰-硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术的产妇随机分为5组,每组30例:A组于术毕时静脉推注地塞米松10 mg;B组氟哌利多2.5 mg加入舒芬太尼镇痛泵中持续输注;C组昂丹司琼4 mg加入舒芬太尼镇痛泵中持续输注;D组于术毕时单次静脉推注地塞米松5 mg同时将氟哌利多1.25 mg加入舒芬太尼镇痛泵中持续输注;E组于术毕时静脉推注生理盐水4 m L。各组患者均行术后舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。观察并记录5组术后24 h内术后恶心呕吐(PONV)评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 5组间疼痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义。术后24 h内PONV评分E组明显高于A、B、C、D组(P<0.01),A、B、C组明显高于D组(P<0.05)。结论昂丹司琼、氟哌利多、地塞米松均能预防剖宫产术后舒芬太尼持续镇痛所致的恶心呕吐,但氟哌利多复合地塞米松预防效果更佳,不仅减少了单一使用氟哌利多所致的相关并发症而且降低了用药成本。     

氟哌利多、格拉司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐疗效观察

目的:比较氟哌利多、格拉司琼预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的临床疗效.方法:选择 120例ASA Ⅰ一Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人,按入院编号随机分为三组,各40例.A组诱导前 5 min 静注氟哌利多 2.5 mg,B组在开始缝皮前静注格拉司琼3 mg、C组(对照组)静注生理盐水10 mL.结果:术后24 h内恶心呕吐发生率A组17.5%、B组15%,明显低于C组50%(P＜0.05),A组与 B组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:氟哌利多和格拉司琼均可显著降低腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐发生率.     

昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的效果观察

目的 比较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防食管癌术后化疗所致恶心、呕吐的临床效果及安全性.方法 将60例食管癌术后患者随机分为昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组,各20例,均行顺铂等药物化疗,并分别给予昂丹司琼、格拉司琼和帕洛诺司琼预防恶心、呕吐反应;观察3组患者恶心、呕吐的控制效果及不良反应.结果 昂丹司琼组、格拉司琼组和帕洛诺司琼组患者恶心、呕吐控制急性期有效率分别为55％、60％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;延迟期有效率分别为40％、45％、75％,帕洛诺司琼组与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 帕洛诺司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐效果较昂丹司琼、格拉司琼更优,安全性相似,且临床应用方便.     

格拉司琼、氟哌利多预防阑尾切除术腰-硬联合麻醉中恶心、呕吐的对比分析

目的：观察在腰硬-联合麻醉下阑尾切除术中联合应用格拉司琼、氟哌利多的预防恶心、呕吐韵作用。方法：选择阑尾切除术患者120例,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,A组（格拉司琼组）、B组（氟哌利多组）、C组（格拉司琼与氟哌利多组）、D组（对照组）,观察四组种的血压、心率、呼吸、脉搏、氧饱和度、恶心、呕吐的情况,并记录鼓肠情况。结果：C组具有较好的预防作用,恶心呕吐发生率明显低于对照组,P〈0．05,且手术中未发生鼓肠,P〈0．05,但心率、血氧饱和度、组问比较差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05。结论：腰硬联合麻醉下行阑尾切除术,特别是禁食时间不到6h者,术中都存在恶心呕吐,严重影响手术的操作。现在提前静滴格拉司琼3mg,氟哌利多2mg,能有效预防恶心呕吐的发生,既保证了手术的顺利进行,也提高了麻醉的安全性。此方法有可行性。     

昂丹司琼用于腹腔镜阑尾切除术患者的观察

目的:探讨在腹腔镜阑尾切除术中应用昂丹司琼预防术后恶心、呕吐的临床效果。方法:选择40例腹腔镜阑尾切除术的患者,麻醉方法相同,随机分为对照组、昂丹司琼组。昂丹司琼组在手术结束时静脉注射昂丹司琼4 mg。双盲法观察术后24小时内恶心、呕吐发生情况及严重程度。结果:术后24小时昂丹司琼组手术后恶心、呕吐(PONV)的发生率明显低于对照组。结论:昂丹司琼用于腹腔镜阑尾切除术能有效预防手术后恶心、呕吐的发生率。     

昂丹司琼与氟哌利多对乳房术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的：探讨昂丹司琼、氟哌利多与异丙嗪对乳房术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的影响。方法选择2010年6月至2012年12月择期气管插管全身麻醉下行乳房大手术的女性患者300例,随机分为生理盐水对照组（C组）、昂丹司琼组（O组）和昂丹司琼联合氟哌利多组（OD组）,每组各100例。手术前后C组静脉注射生理盐水2 mL,O组静脉注射昂丹司琼4 mg,OD组静脉注射昂丹司琼4 mg、氟哌利多2 mL。三组患者静脉自控镇痛泵采用异丙嗪为镇吐药。分别记录三组患者用药前后血压、心率和脉搏血氧饱和度变化;记录术后4～＜6 h、6～＜12 h、12～＜24 h PONV的发生时段及发生率,同时观察不良反应发生情况。结果 OD组、O组PONV发生率（11%、1%）明显低于C组（34%）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;三组头痛、便秘等不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论全身麻醉下行乳房大手术后,以低剂量联合3种止吐药预防PONV效果显著。     

昂丹司琼预防气管内麻醉后的恶心呕吐

目的:观察盐酸昂丹司琼预防气管内麻醉后恶心呕吐的疗效.方法:选择60例气管内全身麻醉的患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组患者在麻醉诱导前静脉注射昂丹司琼8 mg,对照组患者则静脉注射0.9%氯化钠注射液4 mL,手术结束后24 h内随访患者有无恶心、呕吐并发症.结果:治疗组仅3例患者出现恶心、呕吐症状,对照组13例患者发生过恶心、呕吐.两组比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01).结论:盐酸昂丹司琼能有效预防气管内麻醉后的恶心、呕吐.     

曲马多配伍氟哌利多辅助剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉的临床观察

目的探讨曲马多配伍氟哌利多辅助剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉的效果。方法选择150例首次剖宫产产妇,随机分为三组,各50例,腰硬联合麻醉下取出胎儿后,分别静脉推入生理盐水(Ⅰ组);氟哌利多1.25mg,芬太尼0.05mg(Ⅱ组);氟哌利多1.25mg,曲马多75～100mg(Ⅲ组)。观察三组MAP、HR、SpO2用药前和用药后10min的变化,用药后牵拉疼痛、寒战、恶心呕吐的发生例数。结果Ⅰ组用药后10minHR、MAP较用药前明显增高(P<0.05),同Ⅱ、Ⅲ组同时间比较也有显著差异(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组牵拉反应、寒战、恶心呕吐发生率均远高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组牵拉反应和恶心呕吐发生率和Ⅲ组相似,但寒战率明显高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。结论曲马多配伍氟哌利多应用于剖宫产腰硬联合麻醉具有对抗牵拉疼痛,避免恶心呕吐,预防和控制寒战的作用。     

恩丹西酮不同给药方式预防自控镇痛所致恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的观察恩丹西酮不同给药方式预防自控镇痛所致术后恶心、呕吐的效果。方法将60例骨科择期手术患者随机分为A、B、C3组,每组20例。3组入室后均予常规麻醉,A组术后静脉推注恩丹西酮4mg,同时在硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)泵中加入恩丹西酮4mg;B组术后在PCEA泵中加入恩丹西酮8mg;C组术后静脉推注恩丹西酮8mg。观察各组术后24h恶心、呕吐的发生率,并对其程度进行分级。结果 A、B组恶心呕吐发生率低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。24h恶心呕吐发生程度A组轻于B组,B组轻于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论恩丹西酮能有效预防术后恶心、呕吐,经静脉、自控镇痛泵联合使用恩丹西酮4mg效果最佳。     

Ondansetron--the first of a new class of antiemetic agents.

The chemistry, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, stability, compatibility, and dosage of ondansetron hydrochloride are described, and clinical studies of the use of ondansetron for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by antineoplastic therapy are reviewed. Ondansetron hydrochloride is a specific antagonist of serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptors, both in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and in the GI tract. Peak plasma concentrations of ondansetron occur approximately one hour after an oral dose and 6 to 20 minutes after an i.v. dose. The mean elimination half-life is approximately 3.5 hours in healthy volunteers, but it is extended in elderly patients (mean of 7.9 hours). In clinical trials, ondansetron has been shown to provide excellent control of nausea and vomiting in patients treated with cisplatin. Comparisons of ondansetron with metoclopramide in patients treated with various types of chemotherapy have shown better response rates with ondansetron. Ondansetron has also been shown to be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cyclophosphamide with an anthracycline and in patients receiving combination therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. Adverse effects appear to be mild and include headache, constipation, diarrhea and transient abnormalities in liver function tests. The dose of ondansetron (as the hydrochloride salt) for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults is 0.15 mg/kg i.v. every four hours for three doses, beginning 30 minutes before antineoplastic therapy. The efficacy of ondansetron is comparable to that of metoclopramide, and the adverse-effect profile is much less problematic. The cost of ondansetron is much higher than that of metoclopramide; thus its use should be limited to patients at high risk for metoclopramide-induced adverse effects and patients in whom metoclopramide is ineffective.     

氟哌利多与托烷司琼预防腹腔镜阑尾切除术后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的:观察氟哌利多、托烷司琼预防腹腔镜阑尾切除术后恶心呕吐的临床疗效。方法:选择60例择期行全凭静脉麻醉下腹腔镜阑尾切除术的患者,随机分为A、B、C组,每组20例,分别在开始缝合前静脉注射0.9%氯化钠10mL(A组)、氟哌利多1.25mg(B组)、托烷司琼5mg(C组)。术毕清醒后拔管,观察记录术后24h患者发生恶心呕吐的情况。结果:B、C组的术后恶心呕吐发生率明显低于A组(P<0.05);B、C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:氟哌利多和托烷司琼均可显著降低腹腔镜阑尾切除术后恶心呕吐的发生率,二者疗效相当。     

托烷司琼在硬膜外自控镇痛中的止吐效应观察

目的探讨采用托烷司琼及氟哌利多对硬膜外自控镇痛患者出现的恶心呕吐现象并评价其止吐作用。方法 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期经腹实施盆腔良性包块切除术以及子宫切除术的女性患者共62例,随机分成两组,各31例:甲组托烷司琼组,术后给予托烷司琼5mg静脉注射,另需在镇痛液中给予托烷司琼5mg;乙组氟哌利多组,术后给予氟哌利多2.5mg静脉注射,另需在镇痛液中给予氟哌利多2.5mg。本组分析主要观察托烷司琼对硬膜外自控镇痛患者中出现的恶心呕吐的止吐效果,在手术完成后的第12、24、48h详细记录下患者的心率、脉搏、血氧饱和度、血压、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、呼吸抑制症状等,并与使用氟哌利进行止吐的效果进行对比。结果甲乙两组患者在年龄、体质量以及手术种类等方面比较无明显差异(P>0.05),术后患者的镇痛效果理想,甲乙两组的48h视觉模拟评分分别为(1.7±1.2)和(1.8±1.1),甲组的恶心呕吐发生率低于乙组,差异显著(P<0.05),具统计学意义。甲组的嗜睡发生率低于乙组,差异显著(P<0.05),具统计学意义。结论在硬膜外术后镇痛的止吐作用方面,托烷司琼的止吐作用较为理想,其药物自身的不良反应小,临床疗效明显优于氟哌利多。     

Intravenous droperidol: a review of its use in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Droperidol (Dehydrobenzperidol, Dehidrobenzoperidol, Dridol, Droleptan, Inapsine) is a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist that has been widely used in adults and children for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) over several decades and, more recently, for the prevention of opioid-induced PONV during patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in adults. In well controlled clinical trials of patients undergoing surgery, the efficacy of single-dose intravenous (IV) droperidol in preventing PONV was similar to that of ondansetron and dexamethasone. Droperidol significantly reduced opioid-induced PONV in adults during PCA and had a morphine-sparing effect. Droperidol is generally well tolerated and the incidence of adverse effects is similar to that observed with placebo and the serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists (setrons). Guidelines recommend that, in adults, droperidol monotherapy be considered for those at moderate risk of PONV, and droperidol in combination with a setron and/or dexamethasone be considered for patients at moderate or high risk of PONV. In children with moderate or high risk of PONV, droperidol is recommended for first-line use in some countries, and second-line use in others.     

观察昂丹司琼防治肿瘤化疗引起呕吐的临床疗效分析

目的：观察新一代止吐药昂丹司琼对防治肿瘤患者化疗引起的恶心呕吐胃肠道反应的疗效,以保证化疗顺利进行。方法：60例患者采用自身交叉对照法随机分为A、B两组,化疗第一周期,A组应用昂丹司琼8mg静滴,化疗前20分钟应用,每日一次,d1～d5天,B组应用胃复安20mg肌注,每日二次,并加用吗叮啉片10mg,每日三次口服,d1～d5天。第二周期化疗,A、B两组止吐药物交换,两组止吐药均与化疗日期同步。采用1990年欧洲临床肿瘤会议推荐的恶心呕吐标准,对两组止吐药物的疗效进行对比和评价。结果：两组药物的有效率有显著的统计学差异（P〈0.005）。在控制化疗引起的恶心呕吐方面,昂丹司琼的疗效明显优于胃复安加吗叮啉。结论：新一代止吐剂昂丹司琼能够有效控制以顺铂为主的不同联合化疗方案引起的恶心呕吐胃肠道反应,其疗效明显优于传统的常规止吐药物,并且副作用小,使用安全,有效作用时间长,这对提高肿瘤化疗的疗效,延长患者的生存期,提高患者的生活质量有重要作用。因此,昂丹司琼应作为化疗辅助用药的首选药物之一。     

两种联合用药方案在成人局麻扁桃体切除手术中的效果比较

目的：观察地佐辛加氟哌利多合剂（简称地氟合剂）与芬太尼加氟哌利多合剂（简称芬氟合剂）在成人局麻扁桃体切除手术中效果观察。方法将80例成人局麻扁桃体切除手术患者随机分为两组;地氟合剂组术前30 min肌注地佐辛10 mg＋氟哌利多2 mg;芬氟合剂组术前30 min肌注芬太尼0.1 mg＋氟哌利多2 mg,分别对两组的镇痛、镇吐、术后镇痛效果及不良反应进行观察比较。结果地氟合剂组与芬氟合剂组术中镇痛、镇吐效果相仿,但是术后镇痛效果好、不良反应明显低。结论地佐辛加氟哌利多合剂比芬太尼加氟哌利多合剂在成人局麻扁桃体切除手术中应用安全、有效。     

Ondansetron antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced vomiting in children.

AIM: To evaluate ondansetron as the sole antiemetic in children treated with emetogenic chemotherapy and irradiation. METHODS: Fifteen children aged 3-11 years were studied. Seven had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, two acute myeloid leukaemia, two lymphoma and four had other tumours. Ondansetron 5 mg/m2 IV or 4 mg by mouth was given immediately before chemotherapy or radiation treatment and continued eight hourly for 24 hours. Nausea and vomiting was assessed during treatment and for the next 48 hours, and graded using WHO criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-eight courses of chemotherapy were assessed, 27 severely emetogenic and 11 moderately emetogenic. Two included total body irradiation. The most severe nausea and vomiting was grade 2 (transient vomiting) reported in six children. Nausea and vomiting was abolished on subsequent courses in four of these children by increasing the ondansetron dose frequency to six hourly. The remaining children experienced no nausea or vomiting (n = 7) or only nausea (n = 2). Nausea and vomiting were each completely controlled in 27 courses. CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron is a cost effective and safe antiemetic in children receiving chemotherapy and total body irradiation, minimises weight loss on treatment and enables outpatient chemotherapy in some cases.