共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rachel M. Burke Laura Calderwood Marie E. Killerby Candace E. Ashworth Abby L. Berns Skyler Brennan Jonathan M. Bressler Laurel Harduar Morano Nathaniel M. Lewis Tiffanie M. Markus Suzanne M. Newton Jennifer S. Read Tamara Rissman Joanne Taylor Jacqueline E. Tate Claire M. Midgley for the COVID- Case Investigation Form Working Group 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(9):2323
We characterized common exposures reported by a convenience sample of 202 US patients with coronavirus disease during January–April 2020 and identified factors associated with presumed household transmission. The most commonly reported settings of known exposure were households and healthcare facilities; among case-patients who had known contact with a confirmed case-patient compared with those who did not, healthcare occupations were more common. Among case-patients without known contact, use of public transportation was more common. Within the household, presumed transmission was highest from older (>65 years) index case-patients and from children to parents, independent of index case-patient age. These findings may inform guidance for limiting transmission and emphasize the value of testing to identify community-acquired infections. 相似文献
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Takayuki Kawashima Shuhei Nomura Yuta Tanoue Daisuke Yoneoka Akifumi Eguchi Chris Fook Sheng Ng Kentaro Matsuura Shoi Shi Koji Makiyama Shinya Uryu Yumi Kawamura Shinichi Takayanagi Stuart Gilmour Hiroaki Miyata Tomimasa Sunagawa Takuri Takahashi Yuuki Tsuchihashi Yusuke Kobayashi Yuzo Arima Kazuhiko Kanou Motoi Suzuki Masahiro Hashizume 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):789
To provide insight into the mortality burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan, we estimated the excess all-cause deaths for each week during the pandemic, January–May 2020, by prefecture and age group. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models to vital statistics data. Excess deaths were expressed as the range of differences between the observed and expected number of all-cause deaths and the 95% upper bound of the 1-sided prediction interval. A total of 208–4,322 all-cause excess deaths at the national level indicated a 0.03%–0.72% excess in the observed number of deaths. Prefecture and age structure consistency between the reported COVID-19 deaths and our estimates was weak, suggesting the need to use cause-specific analyses to distinguish between direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19. 相似文献
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Sheryl Hui-Xian Ng Palvinder Kaur Ccile Kremer Woan Shin Tan Aidan Lyanzhiang Tan Niel Hens Matthias Paul Toh Kiok Liang Teow Palvannan Kannapiran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):582
We estimated the generation interval distribution for coronavirus disease on the basis of serial intervals of observed infector–infectee pairs from established clusters in Singapore. The short mean generation interval and consequent high prevalence of presymptomatic transmission requires public health control measures to be responsive to these characteristics of the epidemic. 相似文献
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Victoria L. Fields Ian T. Kracalik Christina Carthel Adriana Lopez Amy Schwartz Nathaniel M. Lewis Mackenzie Bray Carlene Claflin Kilee Jorgensen Ha Khong Walter Richards Ilene Risk Maureen Smithee Madison Clawson Lee Cherie Booth Tara Scribellito Jason Lowry Jessica Huynh Linda Davis Holly Birch Tiffany Tran Joseph Walker Alicia Fry Aron Hall Jodee Baker Eric Pevzner Angela C. Dunn Jacqueline E. Tate Hannah L. Kirking Tair Kiphibane Cuc H. Tran 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(12):2999
Outcomes and costs of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) contact tracing are limited. During March–May 2020, we constructed transmission chains from 184 index cases and 1,499 contacts in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA, to assess outcomes and estimate staff time and salaries. We estimated 1,102 staff hours and $29,234 spent investigating index cases and contacts. Among contacts, 374 (25%) had COVID-19; secondary case detection rate was ≈31% among first-generation contacts, ≈16% among second- and third-generation contacts, and ≈12% among fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-generation contacts. At initial interview, 51% (187/370) of contacts were COVID-19–positive; 35% (98/277) became positive during 14-day quarantine. Median time from symptom onset to investigation was 7 days for index cases and 4 days for first-generation contacts. Contact tracing reduced the number of cases between contact generations and time between symptom onset and investigation but required substantial resources. Our findings can help jurisdictions allocate resources for contact tracing. 相似文献
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Amitabh B. Suthar Sara Schubert Julie Garon Alexia Couture Amy M. Brown Sana Charania 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):148
We compared case definitions for suspected, probable, and confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19), as well as diagnostic testing criteria, used in the 25 countries with the highest reported case counts as of October 1, 2020. Of the identified countries, 56% followed World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for using a combination of clinical and epidemiologic criteria as part of the suspected case definition. A total of 75% of identified countries followed WHO recommendations on using clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic criteria for probable cases; 72% followed WHO recommendations to use PCR testing to confirm COVID-19. Finally, 64% of countries used testing eligibility criteria at least as permissive as WHO. We observed marked heterogeneity in testing eligibility requirements and in how countries define a COVID-19 case. This heterogeneity affects the ability to compare case counts, transmission, and vaccine effectiveness, as well as estimates derived from case surveillance data across countries. 相似文献
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Cuong Duy Vuong Minh Nong An Van Ngo Tra Thu Doan Tuan Quang Nguyen Phuong Thai Truong Linus Olson Mattias Larsson 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):10
We report on the public health response generated by an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that occurred during March 2020 at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH) in Hanoi, northern Vietnam’s largest hospital complex. On March 18, a total of 3 distinct clusters of COVID-19 cases were identified at BMH. Diagnosis of the initial 3 COVID-19 cases led to contact tracing, symptom screening, and testing of 495 persons and limited quarantine of affected institutes or departments. When 27 staff members in the catering company tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the entire BMH staff (7,664 persons) was put under quarantine. Contact tracing in the community resulted in an additional 52,239 persons being quarantined. After 3 weeks, the hospital outbreak was contained; no further spread occurred in the hospital. Rapid screening of cases, extensive testing, prompt quarantine, contact tracing, and social distancing contributed to prevent community transmission in Hanoi and northern Vietnam. 相似文献
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Haruka Maeda Eiichiro Sando Michiko Toizumi Yuzo Arima Tomoe Shimada Takeshi Tanaka Masato Tashiro Ayumi Fujita Katsunori Yanagihara Hayato Takayama Ikkoh Yasuda Nobuyuki Kawachi Yoshitaka Kohayagawa Maiko Hasegawa Katsuaki Motomura Rie Fujita Katsumi Nakata Jiro Yasuda Koichi Morita Shigeru Kohno Koichi Izumikawa Motoi Suzuki Konosuke Morimoto 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(9):2251
In April 2020, a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak occurred on the cruise ship Costa Atlantica in Nagasaki, Japan. Our outbreak investigation included 623 multinational crewmembers onboard on April 20. Median age was 31 years; 84% were men. Each crewmember was isolated or quarantined in a single room inside the ship, and monitoring of health status was supported by a remote health monitoring system. Crewmembers with more severe illness were hospitalized. The investigation found that the outbreak started in late March and peaked in late April, resulting in 149 laboratory-confirmed and 107 probable cases of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Six case-patients were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, including 1 in severe condition and 2 who required oxygen administration, but no deaths occurred. Although the virus can spread rapidly on a cruise ship, we describe how prompt isolation and quarantine combined with a sensitive syndromic surveillance system can control a COVID-19 outbreak. 相似文献
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The relative increase in coronavirus disease incidence during summer 2020 in Israel was most prominent in young children. This finding contrasts with the lower increase in incidence observed in children than in adults during the school attendance period. School closure without lockdown conditions might not be independently effective at reducing spread. 相似文献
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Alison E. Brown Ellen Heinsbroek Meaghan M. Kall Hester Allen Kazim Beebeejaun Paula Blomquist Ines Campos-Matos Colin N.J. Campbell Hamish Mohammed Katy Sinka Theresa Lamagni Nicholas Phin the PHE COVID- Mortality Working Group Gavin Dabrera 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1468
Of the 58,186 coronavirus deaths among adults in England during March–December 2020, 77% occurred in hospitals, 93% were in patients >60 years, and 91% occurred within 28 days of positive specimen. Cumulative mortality rates were highest among persons of Black, Asian, other, or mixed ethnicities and in socioeconomically deprived areas. 相似文献
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Reiko Miyahara Naho Tsuchiya Ikkoh Yasuda Yura K. Ko Yuki Furuse Eiichiro Sando Shohei Nagata Tadatsugu Imamura Mayuko Saito Konosuke Morimoto Takeaki Imamura Yugo Shobugawa Hiroshi Nishiura Motoi Suzuki Hitoshi Oshitani 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):915
The overall coronavirus disease secondary attack rate (SAR) in family members was 19.0% in 10 prefectures of Japan during February 22–May 31, 2020. The SAR was lower for primary cases diagnosed early, within 2 days after symptom onset. The SAR of asymptomatic primary cases was 11.8%. 相似文献
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Hannah R. Meredith Emerson Arehart Kyra H. Grantz Alexander Beams Theresa Sheets Richard Nelson Yue Zhang Russell G. Vinik Darryl Barfuss Jacob C. Pettit Keegan McCaffrey Angela C. Dunn Michael Good Shannon Frattaroli Matthew H. Samore Justin Lessler Elizabeth C. Lee Lindsay T. Keegan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(5):1259
The coronavirus disease pandemic has highlighted the key role epidemiologic models play in supporting public health decision-making. In particular, these models provide estimates of outbreak potential when data are scarce and decision-making is critical and urgent. We document the integrated modeling response used in the US state of Utah early in the coronavirus disease pandemic, which brought together a diverse set of technical experts and public health and healthcare officials and led to an evidence-based response to the pandemic. We describe how we adapted a standard epidemiologic model; harmonized the outputs across modeling groups; and maintained a constant dialogue with policymakers at multiple levels of government to produce timely, evidence-based, and coordinated public health recommendations and interventions during the first wave of the pandemic. This framework continues to support the state’s response to ongoing outbreaks and can be applied in other settings to address unique public health challenges. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2064
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is evolving differently in Africa than in other regions. Africa has lower SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates and milder clinical manifestations. Detailed SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic data are needed in Africa. We used publicly available data to calculate SARS-CoV-2 infections per 1,000 persons in The Gambia. We evaluated transmission rates among 1,366 employees of the Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia (MRCG), where systematic surveillance of symptomatic cases and contact tracing were implemented. By September 30, 2020, The Gambia had identified 3,579 SARS-CoV-2 cases, including 115 deaths; 67% of cases were identified in August. Among infections, MRCG staff accounted for 191 cases; all were asymptomatic or mild. The cumulative incidence rate among nonclinical MRCG staff was 124 infections/1,000 persons, which is >80-fold higher than estimates of diagnosed cases among the population. Systematic surveillance and seroepidemiologic surveys are needed to clarify the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Africa. 相似文献
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《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):9
State and local health departments established the California Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Respiratory Virus Sentinel Surveillance System to conduct enhanced surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens at sentinel outpatient testing sites in 10 counties throughout California, USA. We describe results obtained during May 10, 2020‒June 12, 2021, and compare persons with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR results by using Poisson regression. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in 1,696 (19.6%) of 8,662 specimens. Among 7,851 specimens tested by respiratory panel, rhinovirus/enterovirus was detected in 906 (11.5%) specimens and other respiratory pathogens in 136 (1.7%) specimens. We also detected 23 co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and another pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was associated with male participants, an age of 35–49 years, Latino race/ethnicity, obesity, and work in transportation occupations. Sentinel surveillance can provide useful virologic and epidemiologic data to supplement other disease monitoring activities and might become increasingly useful as routine testing decreases. 相似文献
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Samir Joshi Rahul Telang Muralidhar Tambe Rajesh Havaldar Manasi Sane Afshan Shaikh Cherry Roy Kireet Yathati Sanjaykumar Sonawale Rupalee Borkar Rahul Magar Harshal Bhitkar Satish Shitole Leena Nakate Jyoti Kudrimoti Vidya Mave 《Emerging infectious diseases》2022,28(1):1
We provide an overview of the epidemiology and clinical course of mucormycosis in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic era. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 178 patients with clinical or diagnostic, endoscopically or histopathologically confirmed rhino-sino-orbital or cerebral mucormycosis after COVID-19 treatment during the second wave of COVID-19 in Pune, India. Median time to symptom onset from COVID-19 detection was 28 days. Moderate or severe COVID-19 was seen in 73% of patients and diabetes in 74.2%. A total of 52.8% received steroids. Eschar over or inside the nose was seen in 75%, but baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were mostly unremarkable. Bone penetration was present in ≈90% of cases, 30% had soft-tissue swelling of the pterygopalatine fossa and 7% had cavernous sinus thrombosis, and 60% had multifocal mucormycosis. Of the 178 study cases, 151 (85%) underwent surgical debridement. Twenty-six (15%) died, and 16 (62%) of those had multifocal mucormycosis. 相似文献
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Marcelo Rodrigues Gonalves Rodrigo Citton Padilha dos Reis Rodrigo Pedroso Tlio Lucia Campos Pellanda Maria Inês Schmidt Natan Katz Sotero Serrate Mengue Pedro C. Hallal Bernardo L. Horta Mariangela Freitas Silveira Roberto Nunes Umpierre Cynthia Goulart Bastos-Molina Rodolfo Souza da Silva Bruce B. Duncan 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(8):2135
We assessed the associations of social distancing and mask use with symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conducted a population-based case-control study during April–June 2020. Municipal authorities furnished case-patients, and controls were taken from representative household surveys. In adjusted logistic regression analyses of 271 case-patients and 1,396 controls, those reporting moderate to greatest adherence to social distancing had 59% (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.70) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15–0.42) lower odds of infection. Lesser out-of-household exposure (vs. going out every day all day) reduced odds from 52% (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.77) to 75% (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18–0.36). Mask use reduced odds of infection by 87% (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.36). In conclusion, social distancing and mask use while outside the house provided major protection against symptomatic infection. 相似文献
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Jefferson M. Jones Ian Kracalik Meenakshi M. Rana Ann Nguyen Brian C. Keller Aaron Mishkin Charles Hoopes Thomas Kaleekal Abhinav Humar Juan Vilaro Gene Im Lou Smith April Justice Collette Leaumont Stephen Lindstrom Brett Whitaker Ricardo M. La Hoz Marian G. Michaels David Klassen Wendi Kuhnert Sridhar V. Basavaraju 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(2):552
We conducted public health investigations of 8 organ transplant recipients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Findings suggest the most likely source of transmission was community or healthcare exposure, not the organ donor. Transplant centers should educate transplant candidates and recipients about infection prevention recommendations. 相似文献