全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头坏死

目的:探讨全髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效和适应证.方法:回顾性分析17例(21髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床资料.其中男10例,女7例;年龄25～51岁,平均36岁.其中Ficat Ⅲ期8髋,Ficat Ⅳ期13髋.均行金属全髋表面置换术.取Gibson后外侧切口,采用非骨水泥型假体.处理股骨头时,以颈干角通过股骨头中心打入1根导针,用空心钻头钻孔后插入导引杆,再用圆柱形的股骨头切割器锉去股骨头的多余部分,在股骨头上钻孔,将骨水泥涂抹在股骨头和假体上,将假体柄插入股骨颈中心轴骨孔内,冲紧到位,等待骨水泥固化.术后Harris评分分析,并进性统计学分析(t检验),定期复查X线片.结果:全部病例均获得随访,随访时间18～42个月,平均32个月.髋关节功能Harris评分由术前的平均(35.30±5.23)分提高到术后(90.47±3.14)分,优良率90.5％,手术前后Harris评分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).X线摄片发现2例髋臼假体周围出现透亮线,而无松动迹象.结论:全髋表面置换术是治疗中晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的理想方法,它能恢复正常的关节生物力学及负载传递,提高了关节的稳定性,延缓了全髋关节置换,不影响日后的翻修效果,且创伤小、操作简便、感染率低.适用于FicatⅢ期及部分FicatⅣ期的股骨头坏死,股骨颈破坏少,特别是活动量大的年轻患者.     

微创减压加打压植骨治疗股骨头坏死的临床应用研究

目的:探讨一种简单有效治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的新方法,以保护髋关节,改善临床症状。方法:2003年3月至2008年4月治疗股骨头缺血性坏死患者55例(手术61髋),男37例,女18例;年龄12～55岁,平均39.8岁;病史8个月～16年。采用髋关节部分滑膜切除,股骨头微创减压加打压植骨联合手术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死,从术前、术后X线片的股骨头塌陷程度和髋关节功能Harris评分两方面对疗效进行评价。结果:共治疗股骨头无菌性坏死55例(61髋),随访6个月～5年,平均2.2年。X线片显示未发生塌陷或塌陷无加重的39髋,11髋塌陷加重不超过2mm,9髋塌陷2～4mm,2髋塌陷加重超过4mm。术前Harris评分平均(59.74±11.56)分,术后平均(89.75±9.58)分,术后比术前得分明显提高(t=2.3461,P0.05)。按Harris疗效评价标准:优31髋,良22髋,可6髋,差2髋。结论:采用微创减压加打压植骨治疗股骨头无菌性坏死能够减少股骨头的应力负荷,稳定股骨头的内环境,有利于骨坏死修复,可有效预防股骨头坏死塌陷。适用于FicatⅡ、Ⅲ期股骨头坏死的患者,尤以中青年患者为宜。     

精确匹配的半髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的评价精确匹配的半髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法回顾性分析41例(48髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床资料。其中男30例,女11例;年龄29～49岁,平均37岁。其中FicatⅢ期35髋,FicatⅣ期13髋,髋臼相对正常。41例患者(48髋)均采用金属半髋表面置换术。结果全部病例均获得随访,随访时间平均5.2年。平均UCLA髋关节功能评分明显改善(P=0.001),疼痛由术前的3.1分提高到9.1分;步行由4.4分提高到9.2分;活动由5.5分提高到7.1分。按UCLA评分标准,FicatⅢ期35髋术后的满意率为88.6%;FicatⅣ期13髋术后的满意率为69.2%(P=0.25)。8髋疗效差,UCLA髋关节功能评分无明显改善,术后X线检查发现7髋呈髋内翻植入了假体(插入的短柄与股骨轴线的夹角均小于130°)。假体的5年生存率为83.0%。结论在严格掌握手术适应证、提高手术技术的前提下,精确匹配的半髋表面置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效满意。     

组织工程化异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨非细胞型组织工程化异体骨复合骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)和自体骨髓植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法首先进行股骨头髓芯减压,彻底刮除死骨。将异体松质骨混合bBMP和自体骨髓植入死骨刮除区,部分脱钙冻干异体腓骨植入髓芯减压孔道,直接支撑股骨头病变区软骨下骨。采用该方法治疗64例(78髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间3个月～6年,平均44个月。随访3年以上28例(36髋),其中18例(22髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋无明显疼痛及功能受限,CT显示形成密度较高的新骨,病变范围及程度无发展。4例(6髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋症状无加重,但病变进展了一期。6例(8髋)FicatⅢ期病例,2例无明显疼痛及活动受限,4例因症状无明显改善而行人工关节置换术。结论异体腓骨可提供直接的机械支撑力,阻止股骨头病变发展和塌陷;BMP可诱导骨髓和异体骨以增强其成骨能力。异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓可作为治疗青壮年FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死的一种选择。     

磷酸钙骨水泥/丹参缓释系统植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨应用磷酸钙骨水泥，丹参缓释系统治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。方法2000年5月-2005年6月，对48例（54髋）股骨头缺血性坏死患者行病灶清除、磷酸钙骨水泥，丹参缓释系统植入治疗。男32例（36髋），女16例（18髋）；年龄26～62岁，平均38．7岁。有烟酒史21例，接受激素治疗史15例，髋关节轻微扭伤史2例，余患者无明显诱因。病程2～32个月。按世界骨循环研究学会国际骨坏死分期标准，Ⅰ期9髋，Ⅱ期31髋，Ⅲ期14髋。采用95丹东成人股骨头缺血性坏死疗效评价标准进行评分，Ⅰ期患者平均76．94分，Ⅱ期平均62．38分，Ⅲ期平均55．64分。均经X线、CT或MRI检查，证实为股骨头缺血性坏死。术后随访观察疗效。结果患者术后均未发生下肢深静脉血栓、异物排斥反应等并发症，切口Ⅰ期愈合。48例均获随访22～73个月，平均42．5个月。采用上述疗效评价标准进行评分，Ⅰ期患者平均96．89分，Ⅱ期平均92．54分，Ⅲ期平均78．46分。优33髋，良17髋，可3髋，差1髋，优良率为92．6％。结论磷酸钙骨水泥，丹参缓释系统植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死，在髓芯减压、死骨清除的基础上，提供了骨修复的力学支撑，避免了股骨头塌陷，同时通过中药的局部释放改善股骨头微循环，有利于股骨头的修复重建，手术创伤小、操作简便，适合于治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者。     

表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用表面置换术治疗中青年股骨头坏死的临床效果。方法对11例（14髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期的股骨头坏死患者采用股骨头表面置换术，并对假体的形状进行了改进，其中男7例，女4例，年龄35～49岁。对13例（16髋）Ficat分期为Ⅲ期或早Ⅳ期股骨头坏死患者采用全髋表面置换术，其中男8例，女5例，年龄23～48岁。结果股骨头表面置换术患者术后随访1～5年，髋关节Harris评分从术前平均39分增至91分；X线片示假体无松动移位，近段股骨和髋臼无骨吸收和骨溶解，髋关节间隙除1例轻度狭窄外余均无磨损征象，无1例翻修。全髋表面置换术患者术后随访6个月～3年4个月，Harris评分从术前平均30分增至93分，有1例因技术原因术后半年假体松动而进行翻修，评为失败。结论表面置换术是治疗中青年股骨头缺血性坏死较为理想的一种方法。     

缝匠肌髂骨瓣转移治疗青少年股骨头缺血性坏死的临床分析

目的探讨缝匠肌髂骨瓣转移治疗青少年股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法对股骨头缺血性坏死患者15例16髋的临床表现、影像资料、和缝匠肌髂骨瓣转移的治疗效果进行分析。结果术后患者均获随访3~10个月,平均8.4个月。全部病例髋部疼痛消失,无感染等并发症,Harris评分平均90分,X线片示病变明显改善,无重复手术,近期疗效满意。结论对于青少年FicatⅡ-Ⅲ期的股骨头缺血性坏死患者,采用带缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗,能解除疼痛,恢复髋关节功能。     

保留股骨头手术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死1005例临床分析

目的探讨股骨头缺血性坏死保留股骨头的外科治疗方法。方法对采用带旋股外侧血管升支髂骨瓣、带旋股外侧血管横支大转子骨瓣、带旋股外侧血管降支骨膜支骨膜瓣及旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣及联合骨瓣方法治疗并获得临床随访的1005例患者（1226髋）进行回顾分析。其中男性579例（695髋）,女性426例（53l髋）;年龄17～65岁,平均年龄37.4岁;Ficat Ⅱ期485髋,Ⅲ期473髋,Ⅳ期268髋;Harris髋关节功能评分平均56.2分;术后随访1.5～15年,平均随访5.1年。根据Harris髋关节功能评分标准进行临床评价,根据手术前后Ficat分期改变进行影像学评价。结果57例61髋于术后1～6年改行人工全髋关节置换术。股骨头得到重建的病例,术后Harris髋关节功能评分提高至平均85.8分,其中临床成功率为89.4％（104l髋）,影像学成功率为75.4％（878髋）。Ficat Ⅱ期优良率为95.3％,Ⅲ期为87.9％,Ⅳ期为60.8％。结论应用显微外科技术,针对不同程度的股骨头缺血性坏死采用单纯或联合带血管蒂骨（膜）瓣转移,是青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死患者保留股骨头的有效治疗方法。     

吻合血管腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的评价吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法1993年7月至2005年10月我们采用吻合血管游离腓骨移植治疗股骨头坏死126髋,其中FicatⅠ期30髋,FicatⅡ期65髋,FicatⅢ期24髋,FicatⅣ期7髋。手术切开髋关节囊,切除股骨头周边增生的骨赘和炎性反应的滑膜组织,将股骨颈前外侧凿成与腓骨外径相应的骨槽,C臂X线机监视下沿骨槽深达股骨头软骨下区,凿刮骨坏死囊变组织,取髂骨松质骨填塞,将游离腓骨插入股骨头骨洞内,嵌入股骨颈骨槽内,螺丝钉或克氏针固定,吻合腓骨动静脉与旋股外动静脉。结果随访1-10年,优良率达82.5%。结论该手术可在直视下彻底清除坏死囊变组织和减压,同时植入新鲜松质骨,为坏死区再血管化清除障碍。植入的带血管游离腓骨可增加股骨头部的血供和支撑作用,防止股骨头进一步塌陷。此术式可用于Ficat、和部分期病例。     

中心减压自体骨与BMP植入治疗缺血性股骨头坏死

目的:探讨中心减压自体骨与骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)植入治疗缺血性股骨头坏死的临床疗效。方法:缺血性股骨头坏死36例41髋,男25例29髋,女11例12髋;年龄31~69岁,平均45·5岁。按Ficat分期0期3髋、Ⅰ期19髋、Ⅱ期13髋、Ⅲ期6髋,行中心减压自体骨与BMP植入术。结果:36例患者均获随访,随访时间2~63个月,平均41个月。以广州中医药大学附属医院提出的疗效标准百分法评价治疗效果,优21例,良8例,可4例,差3例。结论:此术式可有效降低骨内压,改善股骨头血供,植入自体松质骨对关节软骨起到有效支撑防止塌陷的作用。BMP诱发组织修复,加快了股骨头骨质修复的过程,适于Ficat分期0~Ⅱ期的早期患者。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.