胸部小切口非体外循环治疗先天性心脏病房间隔缺损

目的　探索经胸部微创新术式置入新型房间隔缺损闭合器的方法。　方法　 34例房间隔缺损 ,全麻下经右胸壁胸骨旁第四肋间 2cm～ 3cm的小切口入胸 ,经右房置入Dasdo圆形或椭圆形闭合器。经食管超声心动图术中观测各切面观房间隔缺损大小及周缘情况 ,选择闭合器类型及大小。超声监测下于房间隔缺损两侧释出闭合器双伞 ,确认牢固及无明显房水平分流后释放闭合器、关胸。　结果　 33例房间隔缺损患者封闭成功 ,1例失败 ,改为体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术。房间隔缺损最大径为(8～ 32 )mm ,(19 3± 6 3)mm。房间隔缺损各方向缘最短者分别为距主动脉后壁无缘 ,距上腔静脉3 5mm ,距下腔静脉 6 0mm ,距二尖瓣根部 6 .0mm。超声引导下封闭房间隔缺损过程约 2min～ 3min。　结论　经胸小切口置入房间隔缺损闭合器是一种治疗房间隔缺损的新术式 ,该方法闭合房间隔缺损的适应证可能更广泛。     

复合技术治疗低龄低体重病儿房间隔缺损

目的 介绍一种房间隔缺损(ASD)"复合"技术介入封堵方法,并探讨该手术方法的优缺点.方法 2007年6月至2008年3月,27例婴幼儿房间隔缺损者接受新"复合"技术治疗.其中男15例,女12例.年龄3个月-4岁,平均(2.00±O.22)岁.采用浅镇静加局部麻醉,非气管插管单纯面罩吸氧或喉罩下辅助通气支持,胸骨旁第4肋间小切口,保留胸膜,经胸膜外进入心包腔显露右心房壁,切开右房壁置入ASD封堵器及输送器.心前区或剑突下超声引导进行ASD介入封堵术.结果 全部病儿3d后康复出院,随访0.5-9.5个月,平均(5.9±0.5)个月,仅l例病儿因心包压塞行心包穿刺引流术,余无异常.超声检查没有残余分流或其它并发症.结论 该手术方法创伤小、疗效好,费用低,是婴幼儿ASD病例一种较为理想手术方法.     

经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术效果观察

目的总结经胸小切口封堵房间隔缺损手术经验与疗效。方法2001年5月~2005年9月,我院采用非体外循环经胸小切口治疗房间隔缺损206例,房间隔缺损直径4.8~44.3 mm,其中>30 mm 100例,房间隔缺损伴膨出瘤2例。右侧第4肋间做2~3 cm小切口,显露右心房并在其外侧壁荷包缝合,将双腔推送导管穿刺入右心房,在食管超声引导下经房间隔缺损送入左心房,并释放直径比房间隔缺损最大径大4 mm的镍钛记忆合金封堵器,退出推送导管。结果206例均顺完成手术。手术时间18~32(26±7)m in。无手术死亡,无封堵器脱落。术后5 h拔除气管插管,患者当日即可下床活动。术后3 d复查彩色多普勒,无残余分流。术后住院(4±2)d。186例随访6个月,57例随访3~4.5年,病人恢复良好,彩色多普勒显示均无残余分流,心功能均正常。结论经胸小切口封堵方法治疗房间隔缺损安全可靠,适用于不能介入封堵的房间隔缺损治疗。     

右胸小切口封堵缺乏边缘的Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损

目的 评估右胸小切El封堵缺乏边缘房间隔缺损的可行性和安全性.方法 2005年11月至2007年11月.25例1-2个边缘完全缺乏的病人行右胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵手术,女15例,男lO例;年龄5.64岁,平均28.8岁.其中单纯前边缘缺乏11例,前边缘合并下边缘缺乏3例,前边缘合并后边缘缺乏4例,后边缘缺乏l例,前边缘合并上边缘缺乏l例.单纯上边缘缺乏4例,静脉窦型房间隔缺损1例.后边缘和下边缘缺乏者使用4-o pmlene线在心脏外面贯穿缝合固定封堵器;后边缘缺乏在房间沟偏右房侧缝合2针固定;下边缘缺乏者在右心房靠下腔静脉和右下肺静脉处缝合l针固定;静脉窦型房间隔缺损在左心房顶以4-o prolene线作2针间断缝合,在上腔静脉后壁作1针间断缝合,释放封堵器后,推拉试验检查是否牢固.以5-4例Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损有充分边缘者(>5衄)行右胸小切El房间隔缺损封堵治疗者作为对照组,其中女36例.男18例,平均年龄31.9岁(5-72岁).结果 无边缘组房间隔缺损直径10-38衄,平均(23.3±8.5)mm.封堵器大小为(27.9±7.8)mm(14-42衄).对照组房间隔缺损直径9.38衄,平均(23.6±7.0)mm,封堵器大小为(29.4-I-7.3)r唧(12-42m).两组房间隔缺损直径和所用封堵器大小差别无统计学意义(P>O.05).平均手术时间分别为(30±7)min和(15 4-4)rain.差别有统计学意义(P<0.c15).25例缺乏边缘者100%(25,25例)封堵成功,对照组96%(52,54例)封堵成功,2例存在轻度残余分流.随访6个月,两组封堵成功率均为100%,均无严重并发症.结论 右胸小切口可以成功封堵边缘缺乏的房间隔缺损,但需要更长期的随访评估长期的安全性和有效性.     

Results of surgical closure of isolated secundum atrial septal defect

Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing surgical closure of an isolated secundum atrial septal defect, at the Postgraduate Institute, Chandigarh between January 1974 and June 2000 was performed. 740 patients were divided into two groups. Group I. Included 435 patients under 20 yrs of age (223 male), 315 (72%) were asymptomatic, 265(61%) were in sinus rhythm. Group II. included 305 patients between 21 and 53 years (96 males), 27 patients (9%) were asymptomatic, 102(33%) were in sinus rhythm. Cardiopulmonary bypass with fibrillatory arrest and/or cold blood cardioplegia were used. In group I 291 patients (67%0 and in group II 64 patients (54%) underwent direct closure of the defect. In the remaining a patch was used for closure. Results There was 1 early death in group I (0.2%) and four in group II (1.3%) 96% of symptomatic patients in group I and 87% of patients in group II were improved. There were no instances of residual shunt. Follow up ranged from 6 months to 25 years (mean 8.3 yrs) and was 89% complete. Conclusions Closure of isolated secundum ASD is best performed before the patient attains adulthood.     

Impaired ventilatory efficiency after closure of atrial or ventricular septal defect

Objectives: Atrial and ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects and the closing procedures share important similarities. Generally, the postoperative outcome is considered benign, but there is growing concern regarding late ventilatory function. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the ventilatory function in patients with open as well as percutaneously or surgically closed atrial and ventricular septal defects. Methods: We performed a search protocol based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) guidelines. A data collection form was specifically developed and data were extracted from the included studies by a primary reviewer and cross-checked by the secondary reviewer. Results: We found an increasing evidence of late impairment in ventilatory efficiency, and despite that ventilatory function is commonly normal at rest, abnormalities were disclosed during exercise. There are indices that surgical closure plays an important role. Discussion: Atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect patients have persisting, long-term impairment in ventilatory efficiency during exercise. Although the pathogenesis behind this finding may be multifactorial, there are indices that the surgical procedure may play an important role. Nevertheless, the literature is this field is sparse, and additional studies are needed.     

Amorphous cardiac tumor of right atrium late after atrial septal defect closure

We describe an unusual case of calcified cardiac mass in a patient seventeen years after Dacron patch closure of atrial septal defect. Presenting symptom was prolonged fever and after surgical excision the patient remains afebrile at one year of follow up. The clinical course and histopathological features were consistent with cardiac calcified amorphous tumor (cardiac CAT) Amorphous cardiac tumors are rare non-neoplastic cardiac masses, which are often indistinguishable clinically from true neoplasms. The surgical excision of these tumors is curative and recurrence is unknown.     

超声心动图结合临床评价房间隔缺损介入治疗和外科治疗

目的以18周岁为年龄分界、以20 mm为房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)大小分界,比较经导管封堵和外科手术2种治疗方法的安全性和有效性。方法按照患者年龄及房间隔缺损大小分为4组,其中每组又各自按治疗方法分为介入亚组及手术亚组。分别比较每组中不同亚组的技术成功率、并发症、残余分流、手术时间、ICU时间、住院时间、输血量等。结果 (1)相同条件下,介入亚组和外科亚组技术成功率、残余分流发生率方面无显著性差异。(2)介入亚组在并发症发生率和输血量方面低于外科亚组。操作时间、ICU监护时间及住院时间均显著短于外科亚组。(3)四个介入亚组之间的技术成功率、并发症发生率、残余分流发生率、手术时间、住院时间、输血量等差异均无统计学意义。结论 (1)2种治疗方法均安全有效。(2)对于不同年龄、不同大小房间隔缺损患者,只要适应证选择合理,介入治疗因其微创性而更具有优势。(3)ASD介入封堵的优越性不受年龄及缺损大小的限制。     

Surgical closure of atrial septal defect

Background: Closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) vis median sternotomy (MS) is a simple procedure for most cardiac surgeons. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has recently been applied in the management of intracardiac lesions. Methods: We report our experience in surgical closure of isolated ASD via MICS in 60 patients and via MS in 58 patients. There was no difference between these two groups in gender, age, body weight, ratio of systemic to pulmonary blood flow, and pulmonary arterial pressure. Results: The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly longer in the MICS group than in the MS group [27 to 126 min (42 ± 12) and 14 to 158 min (27 ± 11), respectively; (p < 0.001]. However, the length of incision, incidence of temporary pacemaker wire insertion rate, duration of endotracheal intubation, timing of oral intake, postoperative day drainage amount, incidence of parenteral analgesic injection, postoperative length of stay, and return to normal activity interval were significant shorter and lower in patients of the MICS group than in those of the MS group. All the patients recovered rapidly from the surgery. Follow-up was complete in all patients, with no late complications and no residual shunt. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MICS is a good option for surgical closure of ASD. Received: 4 June 1997/Accepted: 29 October 1997     

多发性房间隔缺损介入治疗

目的本文报告1998年10月-2006年11月13例多发性ASD介入治疗体会。方法13例中男3例,女10例。年龄4~60岁,平均(26.1±4.2)岁。13例中9例2处缺损,3例3处缺损,1例4处缺损。合并房间隔膨出瘤2例,1例合并心房纤颤和心包积液。结果13例中11例应用一个闭合器功闭合,闭合器型号12~40 mm,2例应用两个闭合器闭合缺损,型号均为18/8 mm,2例术后残余分流。无其它并发症。结论多发性ASD介入治疗,必用TEE监测,确定ASD数目、直径和间距,尽量用1个闭合器闭合多处缺损。     

Permanent chronotropic impairment after closure of atrial or ventricular septal defect

Objectives. Atrial and ventricular septal defects are commonly closed surgically with low rates of post-operative morbidity, and the long-term outcome has widely been described as benign. Nevertheless, there is an increasing understanding of late morbidity, and the possibility of postoperative chronotropic impairment is continuously questioned. Furthermore, potentially abnormal chronotropic responses may be associated with the recently demonstrated overrepresentation of late arrhythmias. We conducted this review to methodically describe the potential effects of surgical defect closure on the chronotropic response to exercise. Methods. We performed a search protocol based on the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses' (PRISMA) guidelines. A data collection form was specifically developed and data were extracted from the included studies by a primary reviewer and crosschecked by a secondary reviewer. Results. A search of electronic databases revealed 16 publications, which consistently reported an abnormal heart rate responses to exercise after surgical closure. In contrast, these and other studies convincingly showed normal chronotropic response in un-operated patients as well as after percutaneous closure. Potential mechanisms include disturbances in the sinoatrial or atrioventricular conduction system and denervation in the proximity of the aorta during the surgical procedure. Discussion. ASD and VSD patients have abnormal heart rate responses to exercise after surgical closure, which indicates a need of change in the preoperative information given to these patients and their parents before surgical defect closure. Although there may not be any alternatives to surgery, patients should still be informed about potential long-term consequences, including the risk of chronotropic incompetence. Moreover, this review suggests that ‘specialized’, long-term follow up may be indicated.     

电视胸腔镜辅助下房间隔缺损修补术36例报告

目的　总结 36例电视胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补的体外循环方法 ;　方法　 36例房间隔缺损患者 ,采用股动脉和股静脉 ,上腔静脉插管建立体外循环 ,经第七肋置入胸腔镜 ,另选第四肋打两个用作手术操作孔 ,在电视胸腔镜下行房间隔缺损修补 ;　结果　第 1例因体外循环停机后血氧饱和度在80 %～ 88% ,而延长第四肋间切口重新作心内探查 ,其他手术顺利 ,术后无并发症 ;　结论　电视胸腔镜体外循环下行房间隔缺损修补术安全可靠。     

房间隔切面叠加彩色多普勒血流显像在房间隔缺损显像中的应用

目的探讨采用房间隔切面叠加彩色多普勒血流显像显示房间隔缺损的可行性和临床意义。方法对常规切面超声确诊为继发孔型ASD109例,采用M型超声心动图的取样线引导获得房间隔的切面后,叠加彩色多普勒血流显像显示房间隔缺损口分流束的截面彩流图,进而观察房间隔缺损口的形态及缺损口残缘与周边结构的关系,并对常规切面、房间隔切面和房间隔切面叠加CDFI三种成像方式进行对比分析。结果本组60.6%的病例采用房间隔切面可获得房间隔缺损口的二维声像图,叠加彩色多普勒血流显像后90.8%的病例可获得房间隔缺损口分流束的截面图,与常规切面对比,在显示ASD形态方面有非常显著性差异(P<0.001),在确定ASD类型和测量ASD残缘与周边结构距离所需的时间方面均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论房间隔切面叠加彩色多普勒血流显像可获得近似于房间隔侧面观的图像,可显示房间隔缺损口的形态,能直观地观察缺损口残缘与周边结构的关系并能准确快捷测量缺损口残缘与周边结构的距离,为房间隔缺损诊断分型和介入封堵治疗术前筛选提供新的影像信息,值得临床应用。     

Intraoperative device closure of large secundum atrial septal defects; a safe alternative to transcatheter closure

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report our short and mid-term results of intraoperative device closure (IODC) in large secundum atrial septal defects (ASD), to evaluate its safety and to determine the impact of 'short' rim on the results. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with an ASD underwent IODC through a right minithoracotomy. Patients were divided into two groups: 37 patients in group I with one short rim (< or =5 mm) and 31 in group II with sufficient rims. A 2.5-3 cm parasternal incision was made in the right third or fourth intercostal space. A specially designed plastic sheath loaded with the device was inserted through the purse-string sutures placed on the right atrium. Under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance, it was advanced through the ASD into the left atrium and the device was deployed in place. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in all patients. The maximum diameter of the ASD ranged from 20 to 37 mm (mean 25+/-5 mm). There were 16 patients with the diameter of ASD more than 30 mm. The mean size of implanted devices was 29+/-4mm. Redeployment with larger device occurred in seven patients in group I and three in group II (p>0.05). Intracardiac manipulation time was 22+/-10 min in group I and 16+/-11 min in group II (p<0.01). The total occlusion rate was 84% immediately after operation, 97% at 3 months, 98% at 1 year, and 100% at 2-, 3-, 4-year follow-up. There were no other late complications during the follow-up period of 3-63 months (mean 27+/-18 months). CONCLUSIONS: IODC is a safe and feasible technique in closing large ASDs. It has the advantages of cost savings, cosmetic results, and less trauma. Early and mid-term results are encouraging. In patients with ASD of a short rim, a larger device is recommended which does not influence the success rate of IODC.     

Triport periareolar thoracoscopic surgery versus right minithoracotomy for repairing atrial septal defect in adults

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOur goal was to investigate the safety and feasibility of triport periareolar thoracoscopic surgery (TPTS) and its advantages in repairing adult atrial septal defect.METHODSBetween January 2017 and January 2020, a total of 121 consecutive adult patients underwent atrial septal defect closure in our institution. Of these, 30 patients had TPTS and 31 patients had a right minithoracotomy (RMT). Operational data and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.RESULTSThe total operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time in the TPTS group were slightly longer than those in the RMT group, but there were no differences between the 2 groups. Compared with the RMT group, the TPTS group showed a decrease in the volume of chest drainage in 24 h (98.6 ± 191.2 vs 222.6 ± 217.2 ml; P = 0.032) and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (6.5 ± 1.5 vs 8.0 ± 3.7 days; P = 0.042). The numeric rating scale on postoperative day 7 was significantly less in the TPTS group than in the RMT group (2.82 ± 1.14 vs 3.56 ± 1.42; P = 0.034). The patient satisfaction scale for the cosmetic results in the TPTS group was significantly higher than in the RMT group (4.68 ± 0.55 vs 4.22 ± 0.76; P = 0.012). No differences were found in postoperative complications. No in-hospital death or major adverse events occurred in the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSTPTS is safe and feasible for the closure of adult atrial septal defect. Compared with RMT, it has been associated with less pain and better cosmetic outcomes.     

双封堵器介入治疗多孔性房间隔缺损

目的对双封堵器介入治疗多孔性房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性与有效性进行临床评估。方法对17例多孔性ASD(12例为2孔,5例为3孔)患者在X线透视和超声心动图监测下植入Amplatzer封堵器,同时闭合2～3个缺损。术后复查ECG、X线平片及TTE以评价其疗效。结果 17例术中超声测量ASD大、中和小缺损直径分别为(13.94±3.21)mm、(9.65±2.64)mm及(4.80±1.92)mm。16例获得成功(16/17,94.12%),1例因第2个ASD不适于封堵而放弃,改行外科手术后痊愈出院。16例植入封堵器32枚,共闭合缺损37个,所植入大、小封堵器直径分别为(20.75±4.07)mm和(16.94±3.75)mm,较术中超声所测大孔及中孔ASD径分别增大(7.06±2.65)mm、(7.44±3.25)mm。术后3例残余微或少量分流(2例为3孔ASD),分别于术后第2、3天及3个月复查时消失。1例发生股动静脉瘘,1个月后消失。随访X线胸片测心胸比及超声测右心室前后径均较术前明显下降(P均<0.01)。结论采用双封堵器介入治疗多孔性ASD安全、有效。     

Delayed aorto-right atrial fistula following percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

We present the case of a 27-year-old man who underwent percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) repair using the Amplatzer^® (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN, US) septal occluder (ASO). Six weeks later, he presented with heart failure and was found to have an aorto-right atrial fistulation. He required urgent surgical device explantation and repair of the existing ASD using a pericardial patch repair technique. This is the first case to be reported from the UK describing a delayed aorto-right atrial fistula following percutaneous closure using ASO.     

Atrial septal defect closure in young females by an anterolateral thoracotomy

There are many approaches for closure of atrial septal defects. We used an anterolateral thoracotomy for closure of atrial septal defects in 140 young females for cosmetic considerations. The technique was relatively simple and no extra equipment was needed. The outcome was excellent however breast development will need to be followed up as many of these were pre pubertal children.