Clinical Outcome of Surgical Hip Dislocation Combined with Impacting Bone Grafts and Implanting Iliac Bone Flaps in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Mid‐term Retrospective Study

ObjectiveTo report the medium‐term outcomes of surgical hip dislocation (SHD) combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and to define the indications for this treatment.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. In total, 64 patients (70 hips) with ONFH treated from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study. There were 51 males and 13 females aged 18–55 years with an average age of 32 years. All patients underwent surgery for SHD combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the conversion rate of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting the clinical outcome. Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) analysis was applied to calculate the survival rate of the femoral head.ResultsAt the last follow‐up (60 ± 15.08 months), the HHS was excellent for 41 hips, good for 17 hips, fair for three hips, and poor for nine hips. All nine hips with poor HHS underwent THA, including five in the first 2 years following the index surgery and four between three and 5 years. The conversion rate of total hip arthroplasty was 12.86%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of hip pain and JIC classification type were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Elderly age and advanced ONFH stage tended to lead to worse surgical outcomes. The overall survival rate of JIC classification type C1 and duration of pain ≤6 months was 98.1% and 97.8% at 72 months, respectively, as estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.ConclusionSurgical hip dislocation combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps in the treatment of ONFH had a good mid‐term clinical outcome, especially for patients with retention of the lateral column of the femoral head and hip pain less than 1 year.     

Anterior fracture dislocation of the hip: an unusual presentation and a review of principles of management

Anterior dislocation of the hip occurs in 10–15% of cases (DeLee et al. in J Bone Joint Surg Am 62(6):960–964, 1). It is usually due to high velocity trauma and associated with multiple injuries. We present a case of this unusual injury associated with an acetabular fracture and a Brumback type IV B fracture of the femoral head caused by a low energy mechanism. We discuss the rationale for our management including issues involved in making the diagnosis, the reasons for our delay in diagnosing the injury and we propose strategies to avoid this in the future. The current literature evaluating the aetiology as well as the treatment of anterior fracture dislocation of the hip is also critically evaluated.     

Unusual combination of femoral head dislocation associated acetabular fracture with multipart femoral fractures: Case report

IntroductionTraumatic hip dislocation associated with femur intertrocanteric fracture is a rare and severe injury and it frequently occurs following a high energy trauma, Associated acetabular fractures with this injury are even more rare and potentially cause devastating consequences including avascular necrosis of the femoral head and subsequent early secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint.Presentation of caseIn this case report, we present a 20 year old polytraumatized patient with traumatic hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral acetabulum fracture and simultaneous fractures of the ipsilateral femur.DiscussionTraumatic hip dislocation associated with femur intertrochanteric fracture is a rare and severe injury and it frequently occurs following a high energy trauma. In polytraumatized patients, musculoskeletal injuries are the most common lesions requiring surgical intervention frequently presenting challenging scenarios in terms of functional outcome and quality of life. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a serious and unpredictable complication that may occur after displaced femoral neck fracture and traumatic hip dislocation due to the disturbed blood supply of the femoral head.ConclusionA staged treatment strategy may be useful managing an unstable polytraumatized patient or a patient who requires prolonged transfer to receive definitive care.     

Transient epiphyseal lesion of the femoral head after traumatic hip dislocation: A case report

IntroductionWe experienced a rare case in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a transient epiphyseal lesion of the femoral head four months after traumatic hip dislocation. To our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports on the development of such transient lesions after traumatic hip dislocation involving no abnormalities just after dislocation.Presentation of caseWe report a 22-year-old man who showed a transient epiphyseal lesion of the femoral head after traumatic hip dislocation. On MRI performed two days after dislocation, no bony injuries were observed around the hip joint. Four months after dislocation, the patient suddenly experienced right hip pain without any new trauma or injury. A low-intensity band convex to the articular surface was apparent above the epiphyseal scar on T1-weighted imaging, and bone marrow edema was observed around the band lesion on short-tau inversion recovery imaging. Following a two-month period of non-surgical conservative therapy, the patient’s hip pain resolved and the low-intensity band was no longer observed on follow-up MRI.DiscussionAlthough the detailed pathogenesis of this transient changes was unclear, we speculate that prolonged rest after traumatic hip dislocation may contribute to bone insufficiency, resulting in an insufficiency fracture of the femoral head.ConclusionThis study suggests that transient epiphyseal lesions of the femoral head may occur in patients with a history of traumatic hip dislocation associated with an adapted long-term rest.     

The Role of Surgical Hip Dislocation in the Treatment of Acetabular and Femoral Head Fractures

Abstract Background and Purpose: Surgical hip dislocation by trochanteric flip osteotomy facilitates access to acetabular and femoral head fractures. Furthermore, it allows evaluation of cartilage damage and vascularity of the femoral head. In this study the potential benefits of this procedure for improved fracture management and for prognostic assessment were investigated. Patients and Methods: From July 1997 to October 1999, 20 selected patients with displaced acetabular fractures (n = 12), femoral head fractures (n = 7), or combined injuries (n = 1) were included. Inclusion criteria for acetabular fractures were either displaced posterior wall fragments with cranial extension or complex acetabular fractures involving a displaced transverse fracture line. Open reduction and fixation of either complex acetabular fractures or femoral head fractures were carried out through Kocher-Langenbeck approach, trochanteric flip osteotomy, and complete surgical hip dislocation. Additionally, the extent of cartilage destruction and femoral head perfusion were assessed. Results: Anatomic reduction ( 1 mm displacement) of acetabular fractures was achieved in 69% of patients and good reduction ( 3 mm) in 31%. In patients with acetabular fractures, severe cartilage destruction of the acetabulum was found in 38% and of the femoral head in 15%, while patients with isolated femoral head fractures revealed severe cartilage damage of the femoral head in 57%. Arterial bleeding from the femoral head, tested by drilling, was observed in all patients. Secondary dislocation of the trochanteric osteotomy occurred in one patient and made refixation necessary. Patients were reexamined at least 2 years after intervention. 77% of patients with acetabular fractures and all patients with femoral head fractures showed good or excellent results after 32.6 ± 6.1 months according to the functional score of DAubigné & Postel. Conclusion: Surgical hip dislocation allows adequate reconstruction of complex acetabular and femoral head fractures and intraoperative evaluation of local cartilage damage and femoral head perfusion.     

Posterior dislocation of the hip with concomitant ipsilateral fractures of both the femoral head and shaft: A case report

Summary we report a rare injury in a 32-year-old man victim of a high-energy motor vehicle accident who sustained a posterior hip dislocation with concomitant ipsilateral fractures of both the femoral head and femoral shaft. Closed reduction of the hip was attempted but failed. Surgical approach was necessary to reduce the hip and then femoral nailing was performed. The femoral head fragment was neglected. The patient died after 2 days of neurological complications. Combination of posterior hip dislocation with ipsilateral femoral shaft and head fractures is unusual.     

Three part posterior fracture dislocation of the hip without fracture of the femoral head: review of literature and a case report

This case report describes a rare posterior dislocation of the hip with fractures of the ipsilateral femoral neck and greater trochanter, without fracture of the femoral head, in a young adult male following a railway accident. This patient was managed within 6h of injury by open reconstruction. This unusual injury has not been reported previously. Cases of posterior fracture dislocation of the hip with a fracture of the femoral neck without fracture of the femoral head were reviewed from the literature. Mechanism of injury, controversies regarding operative procedures and appropriate surgical approach are discussed. The authors also believe that this injury pattern merits inclusion in the existing classification system of fracture dislocation of hip for management and prediction of outcome.     

No increased stem subsidence after arthroplasty in young patients with femoral head osteonecrosis:41 patients followed for 1–9 years

Background?Poor bone stock in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head may be a reason for poor outcome after hip replacement. One way of studying bone quality is to measure implant migration. We thus investigated the clinical and radiographic results of cementless THR in younger patients with femoral head osteonecrosis.

Patients and methods?We studied hips in 41 patients (mean age 48 (25–63) years) with a cementless hip arthroplasty after late stage osteonecrosis. Clinical evaluation was by the Harris hip score, the WOMAC score and the SF-36 score. Stem subsidence was measured with the Ein Bild Roentgen Analyse femoral component analysis (EBRA-FCA) at 3, 12, 24, 60, and 72 months after operation. The average duration of follow-up was 7(1–9) years, with less than 2 years for 2 patients.

Results?There was no revision of any hip. No radiographic or clinical stem loosening was seen. After 60 months, the cementless stems showed a median subsidence of –0.7?mm (95% CI: –0.9 to –0.2). No femoral osteolysis occurred. Femoral radiolucent lines, all < 1?mm, were seen in 10 hips. At the latest follow-up the Harris hip score was 83 (23–100) points.

Interpretation?Our findings for porous-coated stems in patients with femoral osteonecrosis indicate no greater risk of stem subsidence and rate of osteolysis after an average of 7 years follow-up. Thus, we continue to use uncemented stems in younger patients with femoral osteonecrosis. However, continued follow-up will be necessary to evaluate the long-term outcome.     

浅谈全髋关节置换术后早期脱位（附47例全髋置换术3例脱位报告）

目的：回顾性研究２１年来行全髋关节置换术的早期脱位率与相关因素。方法：４５例４７髋行全髋关节置换术病例，年龄２６～８７岁，术前诊断３７例为股骨头缺血性坏死，占７８％；２例为先天性髋关节脱位；８例为股骨颈骨折。结果：术后早期脱位２例３髋，脱位率为６３％。１例新鲜股骨颈骨折，１例陈旧股骨颈骨折行ＴＨＡ术后第１ｄ即发生脱位。新鲜股骨颈骨折第３ｄ行翻修术，术中见股骨侧假体自前倾位变为后倾，纠正位置后治愈。陈旧股骨颈骨折经闭合复位，牵引后仍反复脱位，３月后行翻修术，术后第８ｄ又脱位，再次经闭合复位，牵引治愈。结论：术后早期脱位与术者经验，术前设计，假体部件的安装，尤其是髋臼假体及髋臼对人工股骨头的覆盖以及外展肌的力量有关。     

Arthroscopic Treatment of Acetabular Rim Fracture after Traumatic Posterior Hip Dislocation: A Case Series Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and radiographic short‐term results of arthroscopic treatment for posterior labrum tears with an attached bony fragment after traumatic posterior hip dislocation.MethodsBetween July 2014 and May 2019, a consecutive series of nine patients diagnosed with a posterior labrum tear with an attached bony fragment after traumatic posterior hip dislocation were treated by hip arthroscopic techniques. The patients had been injured in traffic accidents (n = 6) or high falls (n = 3). All patients were provided primary treatment at the emergency department of our institution, and then were transferred to our department for arthroscopy. Demographic data (e.g. gender, age, etc), intraoperative findings, the preoperative and postoperative multiple clinical scores and radiological results were subsequently assessed. Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS) and modified Harris hip scores (mHHSs) were measured and compared before surgery, and at the last follow‐up.ResultsA total of nine patients were enrolled, all of them were male, with a mean age at surgery of 32.2 ± 5.6 years (range, 22–65 years). The patients were followed‐up for an average of 26.5 ± 4.1 (range, 24 to 50 years). During the arthroscopic surgery, all patients had labral tears with posterior acetabular rim fracture. All patients had loose osteochondral fragments. Five had partial or complete tears of ligamentum teres. Two patients had osteochondral damage. Two had capsular rupture. Postoperative X‐ray films and three dimension computed tomography (3D‐CT) showed satisfactory reduction of posterior acetabular wall fractures. The mHHS before surgery and at 1 year and 2 years after surgery were 51.8 ± 4.3, 81.8 ± 2.0 and 87.5 ± 1.9 respectively; VAS scores were 5.6 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.3 and 0.7 ± 0.3 respectively. As compared with the condition before surgery, there was a significant improvement in the mHHS and VAS scores at 1 year and 2 years after surgery (P < 0.01). There was no significant improvement in the mHHS and VAS scores between 1 year and 2 years after surgery (P < 0.05). At the final follow‐up, all patients had regained full range of motion (ROM) and were satisfied with the results. None of the patients showed signs of heterotopic ossification, avascular necrosis or progression of osteoarthritis of the hip joint.ConclusionTraumatic dislocation is accompanied by a variety of intra‐articular hip joint pathologies. Managing posterior acetabular rim fracture after traumatic posterior hip dislocation using arthroscopic reduction and fixation with anchors is a safe and minimally invasive option and delays the progression of traumatic osteoarthritis.     

Surgical hip dislocation for treatment of cam femoroacetabular impingement

Background:

Cam femoroacetabular impingement is caused by a misshapen femoral head with a reduced head neck offset, commonly in the anterolateral quadrant. Friction in flexion, adduction and internal rotation causes limitation of the hip movements and pain progressively leading to labral and chondral damage and osteoarthritis. Surgical hip dislocation described by Ganz permits full exposure of the hip without damaging its blood supply. An osteochondroplasty removes the bump at the femoral head neck junction to recreate the offset for impingement free movement.

Materials and Methods:

Sixteen patients underwent surgery with surgical hip dislocation for the treatment of cam femoroacetabular impingement by open osteochondroplasty over last 6 years. Eight patients suffered from sequelae of avascular necrosis (AVN). Three had a painful dysplastic hip. Two had sequelae of Perthes disease. Three had combined cam and pincer impingement caused by retroversion of acetabulum. All patients were operated by the trochanteric flip osteotomy with attachments of gluteus medius and vastus lateralis, dissection was between the piriformis and gluteus minimus preserving the external rotators. Z-shaped capsular incision and dislocation of the hip was done in external rotation. Three cases also had subtrochanteric osteotomy. Two cases of AVN also had an intraarticular femoral head reshaping osteotomy.

Results:

Goals of treatment were achieved in all patients. No AVN was detected after a 6 month followup. There were no trochanteric nonunions. Hip range of motion improved in all and Harris hip score improved significantly in 15 of 16 cases. Mean alpha angle reduced from 86.13° (range 66°–108°) to 46.35° (range 39°–58°).

Conclusion:

Cam femoroacetabular Impingement causing pain and limitation of hip movements was treated by open osteochondroplasty after surgical hip dislocation. This reduced pain, improved hip motion and gave good to excellent results in the short term.     

Simultaneous progression patterns of scoliosis,pelvic obliquity,and hip subluxation/dislocation in non-ambulatory neuromuscular patients: an approach to deformity documentation

Background

A triad of deformities—thoracolumbar scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and femoral head (hip) subluxation/dislocation—occurs frequently in non-ambulatory neuromuscular patients, but their close inter-relationship is infrequently appreciated or quantified. We propose a deformity documentation approach to assess each component simultaneously.

Methods

The documentation assesses each component for maximal functional level, deformity, and flexibility/rigidity: deformity from antero-posterior radiographs (scoliosis—maximal functional position, pelvic obliquity—sitting, hip position—supine) and flexibility/rigidity from extent of repositioning on supine (spine, pelvis) and frog lateral (hip) radiographs. The approach was applied in 211 patients: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (110), spinal muscular atrophy (49), cerebral palsy (26), and other neuromuscular disorders (26).

Results

Measurement of 2124 radiological data points allowed for deformity (mild to moderate to severe) and flexibility/rigidity (fully reducible to partially to non-reducible) gradations for scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and hip subluxation/dislocation. The charting documented: (1) numerical deformity and flexibility/rigidity changes [x-axis: age; y-axis: angulation (scoliosis and pelvic obliquity) and percent coverage (hip subluxation or dislocation) from 0–120]; and (2) grade deformity and flexibility/rigidity changes [x-axis: age; y-axis: deformity and flexibility/rigidity, following conversion of numerical measurements to a 1–5 grade scale]. In subgroups with the most extensive documentation, thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis extended into the sacrum with 98 % (114/116) accompanied by pelvic obliquity; and scoliosis developed more rapidly than hip deformity in 44 % (28/63), scoliosis and hip deformity developed at the same time in 40 % (25/63), and hip deformity developed more rapidly than scoliosis in 16 % (10/63) (Pearson’s chi-squared test p = 0.0501, almost significant).

Conclusion and significance

Documentation of the triad of neuromuscular deformities is applicable to all diagnoses; it outlines maximal functional level, deformity, and flexibility/rigidity at each site; and it shows the relationship between spine, pelvic, and hip deformation. Prospective charting will enhance both clinical management and clinical research into neuromuscular deformity.     

Terrible triad of the hip: A case report

IntroductionPipkin-III femoral head fracture dislocation is a rare injury and its outcome is guarded. Some authors believe femoral neck fracture of Pipkin-III injury is largely iatrogenic. Recent literature showed none of these injuries had excellent outcome, and most patients end up with hip replacement.Presentation of caseA 34-year-old man sustained a traumatic hip injury with fracture-dislocation and an iatrogenic femoral neck fracture during reduction. A modified Gibson approach was performed to reduce and fix the femoral head and neck fractures in a retrograde fashion. Follow-up at 26 months assessment showed viable femoral head, and excellent functional outcome.DiscussionIatrogenic femoral neck fracture in the setting of femoral head dislocation is not uncommon. Clinical and radiological signs of irreducible dislocation can easily be missed which might lead to devastating complications like iatrogenic femoral neck fracture. Recognition of this unique injury, timely intervention, and meticulous dissection might positively alter the patient’s outcome.ConclusionThis case serves to enlighten orthopedists about the risk of iatrogenic femoral neck fracture, methods to avoid such complication, and the proper management.     

Early Intervention of Perioperative Delirium in Older Patients (>60 years) with Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of early intervention for perioperative delirium in older (> 60 years) hip fracture patients.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled hip fracture patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted into our hospital between July 2011 and August 2019. Hip fractures were classified according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteo‐synthesefragen (AO) classification. This study included patients with isolated hip fracture and excluded patients with pathological or peri prosthetic fracture or patients with multiple traumatic injuries and high‐energy trauma. They were randomized to receive conventional orthopedic care group (n = 65) or comprehensive orthopedic care group including preoperative psychological counseling and preventative risperidone (n = 63). Daily assessment was based on patient interview with the CAM‐CR, and delirium was diagnosed by the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS‐R‐98). The rate, severity and duration of perioperative delirium and the length of postoperative stay were analyzed.ResultsTotally 200 patients were screened for eligibility. Twenty patients were excluded due to alcohol abuse and 40 were excluded because of brain lesions on head CT. In addition, 12 patients were excluded because of impaired cognition. Finally 128 patients were enrolled. Their mean age was 75.3 ± 2.2 years for the comprehensive orthopedic care group and 73.5 ± 6.1 years for the conventional orthopedic care group, and 53.9% of the patients were female. Sixty‐eight (53.1%) patients had intertrochanteric fracture, 39.8% patients had femoral head fracture, and 7.0% patients had subtrochanteric fracture. In addition, 58.6% patients underwent internal fixation and 41.4% patients received arthroplasty. In this study, 63 patients were randomized to the comprehensive orthopedic care group and 65 patients to the conventional orthopedic care group. The two groups were comparable in demographic and baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). The rate of perioperative delirium was significantly lower in the comprehensive care group vs the conventional care group (15.9% vs. 30.8%; P < 0.05). The comprehensive care group had significantly reduced length of postoperative hospital stay vs the conventional care group (11.3 ± 2.5 days vs. 14.2 ± 2.2 days, P < 0.01). The mean DRS‐R‐98 score was 7.1 ± 2.7 for the comprehensive care group, and was significantly lower than that of the conventional orthopedic care group (11.2 ± 3.0; P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur early intervention may reduce the incidence of perioperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients (>60 years).     

Total Hip Replacement in Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Avascular Necrosis of Head of Femur: A Retrospective Observational Study

BackgroundFemoral head avascular necrosis leads to osteoarthritis of the hip joint and affects its functional capacity in sickle cell disease patients. The functional outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) on patients with congruous joints who underwent hip replacement after having a failed joint preservation surgery are unknown. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of THR in patients with sickle cell disease having avascular necrosis with and without loss of hip joint congruency.MethodsThis retrospective study included 35 patients (age, 20–52 years; 18 males and 17 females) who underwent uncemented THR. Patients were divided into Group-A (n = 18, good hip joint congruency) and Group-B (n = 17, obliterated hip joint congruency). The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used to assess functional outcomes. All patients were followed up at 6-weekly intervals then 6-monthly intervals.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 8.26 ± 3.01 years. The mean preoperative HHSs of Group-A and Group-B were 45.22 ± 3.021 and 25.94 ± 4.437, respectively. Postoperatively, a subsequent increase in HHS was found in both groups, and a significant difference between the groups was observed at 6 weeks (p < 0.0001*) and 1 year (p < 0.0006*). Interestingly, HHS was not significantly different (p = 0.0688) at 5-year follow-up between the groups. The differences in HHS within the group at each subsequent follow-up were also statistically significant (ANOVA, p < 0.0001*).ConclusionA significant improvement was observed with THR in both groups. Nevertheless, the flattened hip joint congruency group showed significantly better HHS improvements than the normal congruency groups. These findings may aid in the decision-making capabilities of the surgeons.     

Ludloff’s anteromedial approach in disorders other than congenital hip dislocation

Abstract We report our results obtained using Ludloffs anteromedial approach in 17 patients affected by disorders other than congenital dislocation of the hip. These disorders were all localized on the anteromedial aspect of the hip joint and the proximal part of the femur (6 heterotopic ossifications, 3 osteoid osteomas, 2 osteochondromas, 1 aspecific coxofemoral synovitis, 1 chronic epiphysiolysis of the hip, 3 fractures of the femoral head, and 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma). The treated group comprised 10 males and 7 females with a mean age of 33 years (range, 11–72 years). The anteromedial approach allowed for complete or almost complete removal of the pathological masses, withdrawal of synovial tissue for biopsy purposes, the reduction and fixation of femoral head fractures and even a corrective femoral neck osteotomy. The suitability of this treatment for skeletal disorders has been confirmed by clinical and radiographic controls carried out after a mean period of 7 years (range, 2–10 years).     

自体股骨头重建髋臼治疗髋关节发育不良的中期疗效

 目的 总结采用自体股骨头结构性植骨治疗髋关节发育不良继发关节炎的中期疗效及并发症。方法 回顾性分析2001年10月至2011年12月采用自体股骨头重建髋臼方法治疗36例髋关节发育不良患者资料,其中34例获得30个月以上的临床及影像学完整随访资料,男6例,女28例;年龄28~68岁,平均51岁;均为单侧手术,左侧16例,右侧18例。Crowe分型,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型16例,Ⅳ型6例;所用假体除1例为混合型外,其余均为非骨水泥型。临床随访包括术前、术后Harris评分及各种并发症;影像学评估包括双侧髋关节正位（或骨盆正位）、患侧髋关节侧位X线片,以判断人工假体位置、植骨愈合情况。结果 34例患者均获得随访,随访时间31~153个月,平均64.1个月。术前Harris评分为23~56分,平均35.4分;末次随访时为82~95分,平均89分,其中优28例,良6例,优良率为100%。术后2~8个月,10例出现植骨块吸收。术后4例患者发生髋关节假体脱位,遂均采用闭合复位,其中1例于复位后2个月再次发生脱位,再次采用闭合复位后未再发生脱位;另3例均未再发生脱位。1例患者于术后3个月摔倒后出现假体周围骨折,行骨折切开复位钢板内固定术,1年随访时骨折已愈合,至末次随访时假体及内固定位置良好、骨折愈合良好,患髋功能良好。术后1年,1例患者因高血压颅内出血行保守治疗后关节置换侧偏瘫,关节失用。结论 自体股骨头重建髋臼治疗髋关节发育不良整体疗效满意,骨吸收是结构性植骨的一个自然过程,关节脱位是髋关节发育不良全髋置换术后的最常见并发症。     

Behandlungsprinzipien bei Femurkopffrakturen

Fracture of the femoral head together with a hip dislocation is a relatively rare injury (4–16.8%), resulting from high-energy trauma. The functional outcome is often poor, avascular necrosis of the femoral head being the most significant late complication (<66%).However, there is no clear correlation between radiological and clinical outcome. For diagnosis a standard a-p view of the pelvis and a CT scan of the affected hip joint are the methods of choice.For differentiation of the injury patterns the Pipkin classification or, especially in English-speaking areas, the Brumback classification is applied. For treatment of these injuries the principles of early reduction of hip dislocation, early anatomic reconstruction and rigid fixation of the fracture are critical to obtain good results, as is early mobilization. In selected cases closed reduction of the hip dislocation alone or surgical removal of the fragment may be appropriate.The Smith-Peterson anterior approach or the Kocher-Langenbeck posterior surgical approach can be used, depending on the type of injury;however, the anterior approach is recommended for the majority of patients.     

Elbow dislocation with irreparable fracture radial head

Background:

Treatment of elbow dislocation with irreparable radial head fracture needs replacement of radial head to achieve stability of elbow. An alternate method in cases of elbow dislocation with radial head fracture can be resection of radial head with repair of medial collateral ligament. We report a retrospective analysis of cases of elbow dislocation with irreparable radial head treated by excision head of radius and repair of MCL.

Materials and Methods:

Nine patients of elbow dislocation with associated irreparable fractures of the head of the radius were included in this analysis (6 F:3 M, Age: 35-47 years). Radial head excision was done through the lateral approach and MCL was sutured using no 3 Ethibond using medial approach. Above elbow plaster was given for 6 weeks and gradual mobilization was done thereafter. All patients were assessed at final followup using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).

Results:

Mean followup was 19.55 ± 7.12 months (range 14-36 months). There was no extension deficit when compared to opposite side with mean range of flexion of 138.8° ± 6.97° (range 130 -145°). Mean pronation was 87.7° ± 4.4° (range 80-90°) and mean supination was 87.7 ± 4.62° (range 80-90°). The mean MEPS was 98.8 ± 3.33 (range 90-100). No patient had pain, sensory complaints, subluxation or redislocation. All were able to carry out their daily activities without disability.

Conclusion:

Radial head excision with MCL repair is an acceptable option for treatment of patients with elbow dislocation and irreparable radial head fracture.