骨性关节炎中疼痛的发病机制研究进展

骨性关节炎（OA）是一种常见的滑膜关节炎性病变，特征性的病理改变包括关节软骨局灶损伤，伴有骨赘形成、软骨下骨的改变、轻度滑膜炎和关节囊增厚等，主要累及关节的负重部位，当病变进展时，X线片显示关节间隙狭窄、骨赘形成、软骨下骨的改变。OA可累及任一滑膜关节，最常见的受累部位为手、膝、髋和脊柱关节，可为单关节受累，但多数情况下为多关节受累。     

骨性关节炎的临床表现与诊断

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，OA）又称骨关节病、退行性关节病、增生性关节炎等，是最常见的风湿性疾病之一，多见于老年人，根据流行病学调查，55～64岁的人群中发病率达40％。我国正在进入老龄化社会，因而老年OA的发病率也呈现逐年上升趋势。其基本病理改变为多种致病因素引起的进行性关节软骨变性、破坏及丧失，关节软骨及软骨下骨边缘骨赘形成，由此引起一系列的关节症状和体征，临床表现为受累关节疼痛、僵硬、肿大、畸形及功能障碍。     

骨关节病生物标志物及其应用价值的研究进展

骨关节病(osteoarthritis,OA)是一种以进行性关节软骨损害、软骨下骨修复、骨赘形成和滑膜炎症反应为特征的慢性关节疾病,目前对OA的诊断主要基于临床症状和放射线的改变,但对OA早期诊断和疾病进展的敏感性较差。OA的关节损害主要由于软骨退变和修复过程的不平衡,因此检测这些过程的生物标志物对于OA的早期诊断、监测疾病进展和治疗有重要意义。     

骨性关节炎的临床表现与诊断

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)又称骨关节病、退行性关节病、增生性关节炎等,是最常见的风湿性疾病之一,多见于老年人,根据流行病学调查, 55～64 岁的人群中发病率达40%.我国正在进入老龄化社会,因而老年OA 的发病率也呈现逐年上升趋势.其基本病理改变为多种致病因素引起的进行性关节软骨变性、破坏及丧失,关节软骨及软骨下骨边缘骨赘形成,由此引起一系列的关节症状和体征,临床表现为受累关节疼痛、僵硬、肿大、畸形及功能障碍,常伴有继发性滑膜炎,按美国风湿病协会(ACR)分类,OA分为原发性和继发性两种,原发性OA的病因尚不明了,一般认为与增龄、外伤、内分泌、软骨代谢、免疫异常和遗传等多种因素有关,是当前研究重点.OA具有X线表现而无症状者为放射学OA,否则便是症状性OA,后者是临床诊治的主要目标.OA在全身大小关节均可受累、发病部位以手、足、膝、髋等为多见,临床学家常以膝OA作为研究模型,以揭示其问题.以下主要就OA的临床表现及诊断方法作一综述,供同道参考.     

骨关节炎的诊断与治疗

骨关节炎（osteoarthritris，OA）曾称为退行性关节病、骨关节病、增生性关节炎等。OA是最常见的一种骨关节疾病。多发于50岁以上成年人，老年女性比较多见。发病机制尚不清楚。一般认为与衰老、创伤炎症、肥胖、代谢障碍和遗传等因素有关。多累及手的小关节和负重关节。临床上以关节疼痛、变形和活动受限为特点。病理变化最初发生于软骨，以后侵犯软骨下骨板以及滑膜等关节周围组织，可见局灶性、侵蚀性软骨破坏，软骨下硬化、囊性变和代偿性骨赘形成等病理变化，对患肢功能造成严重影响。因此对OA的及时诊断及合理治疗，对其不良预后有望得到改善。     

骨关节炎的生物学标志物

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是一种累及老年人的关节软骨和软骨下骨进行性破坏和关节滑膜反应.尽管临床和放射线的改变是诊断OA的基础,但是对于监测病情的进展,它们的敏感性非常差.通过病理标本研究发现,即使在X线表现正常时,关节及软骨已严重受累;一旦患者关节出现X线改变时,则关节的正常功能和患者的生活质量已经受到严重和不可逆影响,因此,能否运用有效、廉价和微创的检查手段来检测亚临床的OA和监测病变的进展是目前早期诊断和有效防治OA最急需解决的课题之一.     

骨关节炎的诊治进展

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA) 曾称为退行性关节病、退行性关节炎、骨关节病、增生性关节炎等.OA是最常见的一种骨关节疾病,其病理特点为关节软骨进行性变性和破坏及骨赘形成,根据流行病学调查,常见于50岁以上的成年人,人到老年OA十分普遍,发病率呈上升趋势.     

骨关节炎的生物学标志物

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis，0A）是一种累及老年人的关节软骨和软骨下骨进行性破坏和关节滑膜反应。尽管临床和放射线的改变是诊断OA的基础，但是对于监测病情的进展，它们的敏感性非常差。通过病理标本研究发现，即使在X线表现正常时，关节及软骨已严重受累；一旦患者关节出现X线改变时，则关节的正常功能和患者的生活质量已经受到严重和不可逆影响。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜下清理术68例分析

膝关节骨性关节炎是困扰老年人日常生活的一种常见病和多发病,严重影响其生活质量.其主要病理改变是关节软骨的变性退变和丢失,关节内骨赘形成,继发滑膜细胞增生,出现滑膜充血水肿,关节间隙变窄.     

雌激素及其受体与骨性关节炎的相关性研究进展

<正>骨性关节炎(OA)是世界范围内最常见的关节病,主要累及膝关节、髋关节、手关节和脊柱,它所影响的关节组织,导致渐进的不可逆转的损害,最终导致关节软骨变性并伴随滑膜组织炎症及增生和软骨下骨硬化的一种多种机制相作用的疾病。它会引起关节间隙变窄、关节疼痛和关节僵硬[1]。与OA发病率相关的因素有很多,其中最重要的是年龄、性别和遗传。观察性研究表明,50岁以下的患者,男性往往比女性有更多的OA,而从更年期阶段开始,女性患者OA的发病率显著增加。此外,低雌激素女性患者的OA发病率也有一定的增高,这说明雌激素在骨性关节炎发病机制中起着一定的作用。本文主要针对雌     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.