经阴道三维超声对早期输卵管妊娠的观察

目的探讨经阴道三维超声成像和三维能量多普勒在早期诊断输卵管妊娠的检测价值。方法应用经阴道三维超声成像和三维能量多普勒成像对80例异位妊娠患者的附件区包块进行三维超声成像和三维能量多普勒成像,并对其血流频谱进行对照分析。分析经阴道三维超声成像和三维能量多普勒技术对输卵管妊娠定性的可能性。结果经阴道三维超声诊断早期输卵管妊娠80例,经手术病理确诊79例,诊断符合率98.7%,79例早期输卵管妊娠中,75例检测到滋养层周围血流频谱。结论经阴道三维超声成像和三维能量多普勒成像是目前诊断早期输卵管妊娠最有价值的检测方法,其血流频谱特征和立体的“输卵管环”具有特殊诊断和鉴别诊断意义,尤其对异位妊娠的早期诊断具有特异性。     

彩色多普勒超声血流成像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声血流成像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值。方法:选取2022年5月—2023年5月于曹县人民医院就诊的60例疑似乳腺癌患者作为研究对象。受试者均依次接受二维超声与彩色多普勒超声血流成像检查,对比两种检测方式的诊断效能并绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线进行分析。结果:以手术或穿刺活检结果为金标准。彩色多普勒超声血流成像诊断的灵敏度为93.02%,特异度为88.24%,阳性预测值为95.24%,阴性预测值为83.33%,准确率为91.67%,Kappa值为0.798,与病理检查一致性较强;二维超声诊断的灵敏度为76.74%,特异度为64.71%,阳性预测值为84.62%,阴性预测值为52.38%,准确率为73.33%,Kappa值为0.387,与病理检查一致性较差。彩色多普勒超声血流成像的灵敏度、阴性预测值及准确率均显著高于二维超声(P<0.05);彩色多普勒超声血流成像检验的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.893,95%置信区间为0.784～1.000;二维超声检验的AUC值为0.685,95%置信区间为0.536～0.834。结论:彩色多普勒超声血流成像诊断乳腺癌患者的效...     

采用扩谱理论的彩色超声多普勒血流成像原理

本文把扩谱通讯理论和超声多普勒血流成像技术结合起来,发展成一种新型的超声多普勒扩谱技术。简单介绍了作者采用超声多普勒扩谱技术研制的彩色二维血流成像系统及部分实验结果。     

肝硬化后继发门静脉海绵样变性

目的 探讨腹部超声及彩色多普勒血流成像技术对肝硬化门静脉海绵样变性的诊断价值及方法。方法 对我院自2003年门诊及住院肝病患者进行检查。结果 利用超声及彩色多普勒成像技术查出18例门静脉海绵样变性。结论 腹部超声及彩色多普勒血流成像技术对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断有较高的准确性，有助于临床治疗措施的选择。     

甲状腺恶性肿瘤的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像特征及其临床意义

目的：探讨彩色多普勒及三维能量成像对甲状腺恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：采用ATL－HDI5000超声诊断仪，L12．5超宽频探头。对经病理证实的32例甲状腺恶性肿瘤进行二维，彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像检查。结果：三维血流能量成像对甲状腺肿瘤血流的显示明显高于二维彩色血流（P＜0．005）。三维血流成像显示恶性肿瘤的血运分布以内部为主，且粗大杂乱。彩色多普勒显示32例病变均见动脉血流，其中RI≥0．65者28例，RI＜0．50者仅1例。结论：三维血流能量成像及彩色多普勒能更充分的表现肿瘤的血流分布状态及性质，有助于恶性肿瘤的超声诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声对胆囊息肉样病变167例诊断分析

目的分析胆囊息肉样病变彩色多普勒超声（cDFI）检查结果。方法回顾性分析我院1995～2007年间167例通过经病理检查证实的胆囊息肉样病变CDFI检查情况。结果经彩色多普勒超声首诊的胆囊息肉样病变157例，10例为胆汁淤积。结论二维超声成像结合彩色多普勒血流显像对胆囊息肉样病变的良恶性鉴别诊断及恶性肿瘤的早期诊断有重要价值。     

经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像评估颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学变化的比较

背景血管造影虽为诊断脑血管病的"金标准",因其有创性不能广泛应用,经颅多普勒超声和头部磁共振血管成像均为无创检查,可用于颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学的评估.目的探讨经颅多普勒超声评估缺血性脑血管病时血流动力学变化的可靠性及与磁共振血管成像的相关性.设计以患者为观察对象,病例分析.单位哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科.对象以2001-04/2002-02哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者45例为观察对象,所有患者经CT证实为缺血性脑血管病,且对实验知情同意.方法应用TC-2021经颅多普勒超声仪及VISART1.5T超导MR装置,对45例患者行经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像检查,两次检查相隔时间为1～15 d.观察所检大脑中动脉、颈内动脉末端、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉血管的血流动力学及管腔形态的变化.主要观察指标①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检查患者颅内血管腔和血流动力学结果的相关性.②以磁共振血管成像为标准,比较经颅多普勒超声检查的特异性,敏感性,假阳性,假阴性及符合率.结果45例患者全部进入结果分析.①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检测结果相关性理论值Tmin=9.91;χ2=107.92,P＜0.005,可认为两者检出率结果有关;经颅多普勒超声检出率为19.06%,磁共振血管成像检出率为15.25%,两者检出阳性率有差别(χ2=3.93,P＜0.05).②以磁共振血管成像为标准,比较经颅多普勒超声发现相应血管病变数,得出诊断异常血管的特异性为94.22%、敏感性为78.10%、假阳性为7.46%,假阴性为23.31%及符合率为89.36%.结论经颅多普勒超声诊断缺血性脑血管病脑血管异与磁共振血管成像相符性较高,它能准确判定所探及血管功能状态,能较早而敏感反映脑血流动力学的变化.而磁共振血管成像则可直接显示血管形态的改变,两者结合可提高诊断的敏感性和特异性.     

经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像评估颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学变化的比较

背景：血管造影虽为诊断脑血管病的“金标准”，因其有创性不能广泛应用，经颅多普勒超声和头部磁共振血管成像均为无创检查，可用于颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学的评估。目的：探讨经颅多普勒超声评估缺血性脑血管病时血流动力学变化的可靠性及与磁共振血管成像的相关性。设计：以患者为观察对象，病例分析。单位：哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科。对象：以2001—04／2002—02哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者45例为观察对象，所有患者经CT证实为缺血性脑血管病，且对实验知情同意。方法：应用TC-2021经颅多普勒超声仪及VISART1．5T超导MR装置，对45例患者行经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像检查，两次检查相隔时间为1～15d。观察所检大脑中动脉、颈内动脉末端、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉血管的血流动力学及管腔形态的变化。主要观察指标：①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检查患者颅内血管腔和血流动力学结果的相关性。②以磁共振血管成像为标准，比较经颅多普勒超声检查的特异性，敏感性，假阳性，假阴性及符合率。结果：45例患者全部进入结果分析。①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检测结果相关性：理论值：Tmin=9．91；X^2=107．92，P〈0．005，可认为两者检出率结果有关；经颅多普勒超声检出率为19．06％，磁共振血管成像检出率为15．25％，两者检出阳性率有差别（X^2=-3．93，P〈0．05）。②以磁共振血管成像为标准，比较经颅多普勒超声发现相应血管病变数，得出诊断异常血管的特异性为94．22％、敏感性为78．10％、假阳性为7．46％，假阴性为23.31％及符合率为89.36％。结论：经颅多普勒超声诊断缺血性脑血管病脑血管异与磁共振血管成像相符性较高，它能准确判定所探及血管功能状态，能较早而敏感反映脑血流动力学的变化。而磁共振血管成像则可直接显示血管形态的改变，两者结合可提高诊断的敏感性和特异性。     

经食道多普勒超声监测系统评估危重烧伤早期的血流动力学变化

目的 应用经食道超声多普勒技术对危重烧伤休克期患者进行血流动力学动态观察和临床评估.方法 对16例危重烧伤(烧伤面积≥30%TBSA)患者应用经食道多普勒超声监测系统监测血流动力学指标包括主动脉血流量(ABF)、每搏输出量(SVa)、左心室峰值流速(PV)、左心室血流最大流速(ACC)、左心室射血时间(LVET)、外周血管阻力(TSVR)的变化.结果 危重烧伤后ABF、SVa、PV、ACC明显下降,伤后12 h达最低值,以后逐渐回升.LVET在伤后早期低于正常,以后逐渐升高,伤后12 h后保持相对平稳.TSVR在伤后早期高于正常,以后逐渐下降,伤后24 h接近正常水平.结论 危重烧伤休克期和围手术期应用经食道多普勒超声监测系统进行无创或微创血流动力学监测,能够为休克期和围手术期液体管理提供可靠而灵敏的客观依据.     

肝癌的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像与肝动脉血管造影对比研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像在肝癌中应用。方法： 用能量多普勒超声检查６５例肝癌,有４０例同时观察三维血流能量图, ２２例进行选择性肝动脉血管造影。结果： 彩色多普勒能量图使肝癌肿瘤血流显示明显高于彩色多普勒血流图。三维血流能量图可获较完整肝癌肿瘤血流立体血管网图像,且与选择性肝动脉血管造影的血管分布特征相似。结论：彩色多普勒及三维血流成像能直观较完整地表现肝癌肿瘤血流分布状态,灵敏度高,重复性好。值得临床推广应用。     

Physicians' estimates of cardiac index and intravascular volume based on clinical assessment versus transesophageal Doppler measurements obtained by critical care nurses.

OBJECTIVES: To compare physicians' estimates of cardiac index and intravascular volume with transesophageal Doppler measurements obtained by critical care nurses, to assess the overall safety of transesophageal Doppler imaging by critical care nurses, and to compare hemodynamic measurements obtained via transesophageal Doppler imaging with those obtained via pulmonary artery catheterization. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on 106 patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Physicians estimated cardiac index and intravascular volume status by using bedside clinical assessment; critical care nurses, by using transesophageal Doppler imaging. In 24 patients, Doppler measurements were obtained within 6 hours of placement of a pulmonary artery catheter and recording of cardiac output and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. RESULTS: With Doppler measurements as the reference, physicians correctly estimated cardiac index in 46 (43.8%) of 105 patients, underestimated it in 24 (22.9%), and overestimated it in 35 (33.3%). They correctly estimated volume status in 31 patients (29.5%), underestimated it in 16 (15.2%), and overestimated it in 58 (55.2%). Doppler measurements of cardiac output correlated with those obtained via pulmonary artery catheterization (r = 0.778; P < .001). Two patients had minor complications: dislodgement of a nasogastric tube and inability to obtain a Doppler signal. CONCLUSION: Physicians' assessment of cardiac index and intravascular volume in patients receiving mechanical ventilation is correct less than half of the time. Transesophageal Doppler imaging by critical care nurses appears to be a safe method for measuring cardiac index and estimating intravascular volume. Measurements obtained via Doppler imaging correlate well with those obtained via pulmonary artery catheterization.     

Quantification of first tarsometatarsal joint stiffness in hallux valgus patients

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of the clinical mobility test of the first tarsometatarsal joint with Doppler Imaging of Vibrations measurement of the stiffness of this joint in hallux valgus patients. DESIGN: Clinical testing of first tarsometatarsal joint mobility was related to independent Doppler Imaging of Vibrations measurement of first tarsometatarsal joint stiffness. BACKGROUND: Hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint has consequences for the surgical treatment of hallux valgus deformity. However, the clinical test is subjective. Doppler Imaging of Vibrations could be helpful in quantification of the stiffness of this joint. METHODS: Clinical examination of the mobility of 32 first tarsometatarsal joints in 20 hallux valgus patients was compared with Doppler Imaging of Vibrations stiffness measurements performed by an independent observer. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant relation between the clinical test and the stiffness measurement by Doppler Imaging of Vibrations. CONCLUSION: Doppler Imaging of Vibrations proves to be a method to quantify first tarsometatarsal joint stiffness and could contribute to a rational policy for the surgical treatment of hallux valgus deformity. RELEVANCE: The clinical test to establish hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint is subjective. Doppler Imaging of Vibrations offers objective criteria and quantification of first tarsometatarsal joint stiffness. This provides additional information for the choice of the surgical procedure to correct hallux valgus deformity.     

Color Doppler echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect size: correlation with surgical measurements.

In patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), color flow Doppler echocardiography provides visualization of the transseptal jet, the maximal dimension of which can be assumed to correspond to the maximal dimension of the true orifice. To test whether color flow Doppler echocardiography can provide an alternative method for measurement of ASD size, we studied 63 consecutive patients with echocardiographic evidence of ASD. In 48 patients the maximal dimension of the jet was measured in the parasternal, apical, or subcostal four-chamber view or in the parasternal short-axis view. In the remaining 15 patients transesophageal echocardiography was performed because of transthoracic views were inadequate. The transesophageal studies also measured, from two-dimensional images, the maximal transverse discontinuity in the atrial septum. All patients underwent surgical repair, during which the surgeon directly measured the maximal dimension of ASD. Linear regression equations were performed to compare transthoracic and transesophageal dimensions to those measured at operation. Correlation coefficients were as follows for transthoracic versus surgical measurements: r = 0.745, standard error = 4.35, p less than 0.001. Transesophageal measurements derived from both two-dimensional images and echocardiographic jet width showed similar excellent correlation with surgical measurements (n = 0.91, standard error = 4.33, p less than 0.001; and r = 0.919, standard error = 4.42, p less than 0.001, respectively). We conclude that ASD size derived from color flow Doppler echocardiography shows a good correlation with the anatomic maximal dimension observed at operation. Both transesophageal color flow Doppler echocardiography of jet width and direct surgical measurement of the defect provide an accurate estimation of ASD size.     

Three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for assessing shunt volume in atrial septal defects.

Background Three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography has been used to assess cardiac blood flow in experimental settings. We tested whether this technique can be applied to assess transatrial shunt flow in patients with atrial septal defect in a clinical setting. Methods In 46 consecutive patients with atrial septal defects, shunt flow was assessed during cardiac catheterization using the Fick method and by conventional 2-D quantitative transesophageal Doppler echocardiography. The averaged values for shunt flow obtained by both methods were used as a reference. Transesophageal 3-D color Doppler echocardiography was performed for analysis of the 3-D flow velocity field of transatrial shunt flow. Shunt volume was calculated by application of the Gauss theorem. Results We found a close correlation between shunt volume (L/min) obtained by either 3-D color Doppler echocardiography or the reference methods ( r = 0.981, P < .001). Using 3-D color Doppler data to predict the reference values, 95% confidence limits were -11.5 to +11.6%. Conclusions Shunt flow in patients with atrial septal defects can be assessed in a clinical setting by transesophageal 3-D color Doppler echocardiography.     

Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial mass lesions

Transesophageal echocardiography with color flow Doppler studies was performed on 12 consecutive patients who had left atrial mass identified by transthoracic echocardiography. In two patients with atrial myxoma, transesophageal study identified the tumor by its attachment to the atrial septum. In all instances, the tumors were larger and more mobile by transesophageal study and influenced the decision to operate early on an asymptomatic patient. In six instances the masses in the atria were deemed to be thrombi because of associated spontaneous echo contrast, location in the left atrial appendage, mitral valvular disease or prosthesis, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, and enlarged left atrial chamber. In two patients the left atrial masses on transesophageal imaging were large vegetations attached to the mitral valve with ruptured chordae tendineae. In two patients, because of superior quality images obtained by transesophageal imaging, the atrial mass lesions were deemed to be a prominent muscle band between the left atrial appendage and left upper pulmonary vein. In conclusion, transesophageal echocardiography is superior to transthoracic imaging in elucidating the cause and significance of atrial mass lesions and helps in guiding appropriate therapy.     

Hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients using echocardiography Doppler

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The evaluation of hemodynamic status in critically ill patients is a leading recommended indication of transesophageal echocardiography in the intensive care unit. Advantages and diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography in this setting are particularly relevant when considering limitations and questioned prognostic impact of pulmonary artery catheterization. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent clinical studies have been performed to validate and assess the value of transesophageal echocardiography in determining cardiac output, cardiac preload dependence, right ventricular function, and left ventricular filling pressure. In addition, diagnostic capacity and therapeutic impact of transesophageal echocardiography have been widely reported in various intensive care unit settings. SUMMARY: Transesophageal echocardiography appears well suited for the determination of cardiac index and to track its variations after therapeutic interventions. Although repeated measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension allows to accurately track preload variations, a single determination is not reliable to predict fluid responsiveness in intensive care unit patients. Identification of preload dependence in hemodynamically unstable patients currently tends to rely mainly on dynamic parameters that use cardiopulmonary interactions under mechanical ventilation. Transesophageal echocardiography also allows to adequately assess right ventricular function and left ventricular filling pressure using combined Doppler modalities. Adequate education and training of intensivists and anesthesiologists is crucial to further develop the use of transesophageal echocardiography in the intensive care unit setting. Despite the absence of randomized controlled studies documenting transesophageal echocardiography benefits on patient outcome, present evidence and experience strongly recommend a larger use of echocardiography Doppler for a comprehensive functional hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients with circulatory failure.     

经食管超声心动图对窦性心律时右心耳血流频谱的研究

目的　应用经食管超声心动图技术 (TEE)观察窦性心律时右心耳结构、功能和血流频谱的特点。方法　选取 2 6例窦性心律患者 ,常规超声资料的留取后 ,采用经食管超声心动图技术 ,清楚显示右心耳图像并采集血流频谱。结果　窦性心律时右心耳血流频谱形态可分为 4相、 3相和 2相波 ,在获取的 2 6例图像中 ,右心耳血流频谱为 4相波者有 6例(2 3% ) ,为 3相波者有 12例 (4 6 % ) ,为 2相波者有 8例 (31% )。结论　窦性心律时右心耳血流频谱是反映右心房和右心耳功能的良好指标     

经食管彩色多普勒超声对中心型肺癌的术前评价

30例中心型肺癌患者术前进行了经食管彩色多普勒超声检查，对其中20例手术难易度，能否根治做出了较准确评价，准确率为83．3％（20／24）。经食管彩色多普勒超声能实时、动态的观察肿物的血供、肿物与大血管的关系，以及观测血管周围的淋巴结是否肿大，故结果可靠，评价是可信赖的。     

A comparison of flow convergence with other transthoracic echocardiographic indexes of prosthetic mitral regurgitation.

Prosthetic shadowing of the left atrium may prevent detection of mitral regurgitation during transthoracic echocardiography. In 60 patients with mitral valves, Carpentier-Edwards (n = 20), St. Jude (n = 22), and cage-ball (n = 18), we blindly evaluated the accuracy of three transthoracic Doppler signs of significant (> 2+) mitral regurgitation: (1) color Doppler flow convergence, (2) a color Doppler jet of significant regurgitation in the left atrium, and (3) an intense continuous wave Doppler signal. All 60 patients had transesophageal echocardiography, 26 had cardiac catheterization, and 28 had surgery. The sensitivity and specificity of flow convergence for significant regurgitation by transesophageal echocardiography was 73% and 70%, respectively, compared with 33% and 93% for left atrial color Doppler, and 15% and 97% for continuous wave Doppler. The sensitivity of flow convergence in Carpentier-Edwards, St. Jude, and cage-ball valves was 80%, 73%, and 67%, respectively; whereas the sensitivity of left atrial color Doppler was 70%, 27%, and 0%, and the sensitivity of continuous wave Doppler was 33%, 0%, and 13%. Flow convergence was the only sign of significant regurgitation in 12 of 30 patients (40%); 10 of these patients had mechanical valves. We conclude flow convergence is a more sensitive, though less specific, predictor of significant mitral regurgitation than color Doppler, spatial mapping of the left atrium, and continuous wave Doppler, especially when a mechanical valve is present.     

Transesophageal echocardiography assessment of severe ostial left main coronary stenosis.

Doppler echocardiography is commonly used in the assessment of stenotic valvular orifices. We describe the application of transesophageal echocardiography for the detection of a critical ostial left main coronary stenosis. Because preoperative coronary angiography often is not routinely performed in young patients undergoing valve surgery, application of Doppler echocardiography can potentially prevent catastrophic complications, particularly in atypical cases.