生脉饮检验方法的探讨

本文用 TLC 检测人参中皂甙,以各种人参皂甙单体 Rb_2、Re、Rd、Rg_1、Rg_3、Rh_1作标样进行鉴别,并以人参皂甙 Re 纯品作对照,用扫描法进行人参总皂甙含量测定。用 TLC 鉴别五味子中木脂体,以五味子乙素、醇乙作标样。用 HPLC 鉴别麦冬成分,以生药麦冬作对照。本文提供的方法用于生脉饮质量控制效果良好。     

人参茎叶中皂甙类化学成分的研究

从辽宁桓仁县产人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)茎叶中分离得到十一种人参皂甙单体(L_1—L_(11))。用化学方法,IR,FD—MS,~(13)C—NMR,HPLC 等方法鉴定了其中七种化学结构;分别为人参皂甙(ginsenosides —Rh_1,—Rg_3,—Rg_2,—Rg_1,—Re,—Rc,—Rb_2)。其中—Rh_1,—Rg_3两种,首次从人参茎叶中分离得到的已知皂甙类成分。未见报导.     

人参化学成分的研究 8.吉林红参皂甙成分研究

<正> 本文报导从吉林红参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)中经反相大孔树脂、硅胶柱层析及葡聚糖凝胶 G-25等手段相互配合分离得到十种皂甙单体(RG1-10),用化学方法、红外光谱、氢谱、~(13)C-核磁共振谱及质谱(FD-MS、FAB-MS)等鉴定了化学结构,分别为人参皂甙20(R)-ginsenoside Rh_1(RG-1),20(S)-Rg_3(RG-2),20(R)-ginsenoside Rg_2(RG-3),     

人参化学成分的研究——13.人参果肉的皂甙类成分研究(Ⅰ)

<正> 人参果皂甙不仅具有抗衰老、抗心律不齐作用,最近发现对再生障碍性贫血有较好作用。为更好开发利用人参地上部分资源,我们在国内外研究的基础上又深入地进行了研究。日本学者Yahara等从人参果中分离鉴定了五种成分是Rb_2、Rc、Rd、Re和Rg_1,收得率分别为0.2、0.1、0.1、0.6、0.04%。我们采用吉林省桦甸县五年生人参果肉(鲜)20公斤经用D-吸附树脂吸附皂甙,除去水溶性糖类杂质及脂溶性杂质,经脱色得总皂甙,将总皂甙用低压硅胶柱层析及分子筛She-phadexLH-20层析方法,分离得到九种单体,经用IR、~(13)C-NMR、FD-MS及标准品对照等方法鉴定了八种结构,分别为人参皂甙(ginsenosides)-Rb_1(收得率为0.02%)、-Rb_2(0.09%)、-Rc(0.08%)、-Rd(0.06%、Re(6.0%)、Rg_1(0.02%)、-Rg_2(20S)(0.01%)、-Rg_2(20R)(0.01%)、-Rh_1(0.02%)及一种未知皂甙(结构式正在研究中)。其中人参皂甙-Rb_1,-Rg_2,-Rh_1系首次自人参果肉中分离得到的已知微量皂甙类成分。本文对三种不同产地的人参果肉用高效薄层层析法定性检出结果如下表。     

人参茎叶皂甙及其单体对大鼠脑内B型单胺氧化酶活性的影响

本文用体外法研究了人参茎叶皂甙(GSLS)及其单体Rg_1,Rg_2,Re和Rh_1大鼠脑内B型单胺氧化酶(MAO-B)活性的影响。结果表明,GSLS和Rh_1可加强MAO-B的活性。Rg_1和Rg_2可抑制MAO-B的活性,其抑制强度与3.3×10~(-5)mg/ml优降宁相当。抑制特征曲线表明Rg_1和Rg_2对MAO-B的抑制作用均属竞争性抑制。     

三七皂甙Rb_1、Rg_1对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的保护作用

<正> 三七根总皂甙主要含皂甙和少量黄酮,三七皂甙Rb_1、Rg_1为从三七根总皂甙中提取的人参三醇,人参二醇衍生单体。本研究在大鼠造成心肌缺血再灌注心律失常模型,观察三七皂甙单体Rb_1、Rg_1的保护效应,为探讨其作用机制并与自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进行比较。     

黑龙江人参制品中人参皂甙的考察与评估

本文通过双波长扫描法对黑龙江人参制品中人参皂甙 Re 和 Rg_1的含量进行了测定.结果表明,人参在加工前后,人参皂甙Re 和 Rg_1的含量有明显差别.各制品中人参皂甙 Re 和 Rg_1的百分含量顺序为:红参须>生晒参>口嚼片>活性参。回收实验结果为:Re 和 Rg_1的平均回收率为99.64％(CV=2.82％)和100.56％(CV=2.75％)     

吉产不同生长年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1比值的变化规律研究

目的:探讨吉产不同生产年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值的变化规律,为其生长年限的鉴别提供参考。方法:收集吉林省不同生长年限(3～30年)的园参、林下参、野山参样品,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rf、Rb_1、Rc、Rb_2、Rb_3、Rd等8种成分的含量;计算各皂苷单体含量及8种人参皂苷总含量分别与人参皂苷Rg_1含量的比值,并探究该比值与生长年限的关系。结果:随人参生长年限的增长,园参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1、Rc、Rd单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐减小(P<0.001),林下参中人参皂苷Re与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值呈先减小后增加趋势(P<0.001),野山参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐增加(P<0.001),而园参、林下参、野山参中人参皂苷Rf、Rb_3与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值则均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:园参、林下参、野山参均含有8种人参皂苷成分,可根据人参皂苷Rg_1含量和人参皂苷Re、Rb_1单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值初步推测其生长年限。     

人参叶微量新成分的研究

从人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)叶中分离出14种单体化合物。其中4种微量成分用IR、MS、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR及化学方法等分别鉴定为20(R)-原人参三醇(Ⅰ)、胡萝卜甙(Ⅱ)、3β,12β-二羟基-20(22),24-达玛二烯—3—0—β—D—葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅲ)及20(R)-原人参二醇—3—0—β—D—葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ)。其中Ⅲ及Ⅳ系新化合物,分别命名为人参皂甙-Rh_3(ginsenoside-Rh_3)及20(R)-人参皂甙-Rh_3[20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh_2]。     

人参化学成分的研究 5.人参甾甙与三萜类皂甙的分离与鉴定

从辽宁产人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)新鲜根中分得17种单体成分。用化学法、IR、~1H-NMR、~(15)C-NMR、EI-MS、FD-MS 法等鉴定了其中9种化学结构,分别为β-谷甾醇、β-谷甾醇3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙、人参皂甙 Rg_3、Rg_2、Rg_1、Re、Rc、Rb_2、Rb_1,前三种为国内首次从人参根内分得的已知成分。本文利用 Grant-Paul 加和公式归属了 daucosterinc~(13)C-NMR 谱中 C_(17)位侧链各碳的信号,利用 Asakawa 提出的达玛烷型皂甙 C_(20)位差向异构体的差值归属了 ginsenoside Rg_3的~(13)C-NMR 谱中部分碳的信号。     

中国红参化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

从中国红参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)中分离出十种单体(RG 1～10),用IR.MS(FD-MS.FAB-MS)、~(13)C-NMR以及化学方法等鉴定了化学结构,分别为20(R)-ginsenoside Rh,(RG-1),ginsenoside-Rg,(RG-2),20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg_2(RG-3),20(R)proto-panaxatriol(RG-4)以及人参皂甙Rg.(RG-5),—Re(RG-6)—Rd(RG-7),—RC(RG-8),—Rd_2(RG-9),—Rb,(RG-10);其中RG-1、RG-3、RG-4系首次从中国红参分离得到的人参皂甙成分。用薄层对照未炮制前的白参不含以上三种成分,这可能是红参与白参药理作用上差异的原因之一。     

三七细胞大量培养物中主要药用成分皂甙的分离和鉴定

植物细胞大量培养技术工业化生产次级代谢产物,与栽培植物比较,具有不占用良田、不受地区、季节、气候的影响,无农药残留,不影响出口及药用,很少受市场波动的影响,有利于提高生产率降低成本,提高有效成分含量和获得新的有用物质等优点。三七Panax notoginseng(Burk)F.H.Chen为云南特产的名贵中药,但它在栽培中却存在着生产周     

人参的分析——Ⅲ.人参单体皂甙的提取分离与薄层光密度法测定

本文用高效液相制备柱色谱法从我国园参根中分离出Rb_1等五种主要皂甙。以此为对照品用硅胶G薄层展开,15％硫酸—硫酸氢铵乙醇饱和溶液显色后光密度法测定。并用此法对我国白参、三七与朝鲜红参、西洋参、美国野参等亲缘生药中皂甙含量进行了分析比较。     

中国红参化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

从中国红参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)中分离出十种单体(RG 1～10),用IR.MS(FD-MS.FAB-MS)、¹³C-NMR以及化学方法等鉴定了化学结构,分别为20(R)-ginsenoside Rh,(RG-1),ginsenoside-Rg,(RG-2),20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg₂(RG-3),20(R)proto-panaxatriol(RG-4)以及人参皂甙Rg.(RG-5),—Re(RG-6)—Rd(RG-7),—RC(RG-8),—Rd₂(RG-9),—Rb,(RG-10);其中RG-1、RG-3、RG-4系首次从中国红参分离得到的人参皂甙成分。用薄层对照未炮制前的白参不含以上三种成分,这可能是红参与白参药理作用上差异的原因之一。     

Minor Saponins from the Leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

<正> Five minor compounds isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer were characterized as 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (1), daucosterin (2), 3β, 12β-dihydroxy-dammar-20 (22), 24-diene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 20 (R)-protopanaxadiol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and ginsenoside-Rh_2 (5), respectively, on the basis of spectral analyses and chemical evidence. The two new saponins, 3 and 4, were named as ginsenoside-Rh_3 and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rh_2.Nine other major saponins obtained simultaneously were identical with ginsenoside-Rh_1(6),-Rg_3 (7), -Rg_2 (8), -Rg_1 (9),-Re(10),-Rd (11), -Rc (12), -Rb_2(13) and Rb_1 (14), respectively.     

Effect of Korean red ginseng extract in a steroid-induced polycystic ovary murine model

Experimental induction of polycystic ovary (PCO) in rodent resembling some aspects of human PCO syndrome was produced using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV). Our previous study on the role of Korean red ginseng total saponins in a steroid-induced PCO rat model demonstrated that electro-acupuncture modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the ovaries. In fact, the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of PCO-related ovarian dysfunction is preceded by an increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovaries. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) administration modulates sympathetic nerve activity in PCO-induced rats. This was done by analyzing NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression involved in the pathophysiological process underlying steroid-induced PCO. EV injection resulted in significantly higher ovarian NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression in PCO-induced rats compared to control rats, and PCO ovaries were counteracted by KRGE administration with significantly lower expression of NGF protein and NGF mRNA compared to EV treated ovaries. These results indicate that EV modulates the neurotrophic state of the ovaries, which may be a component of the pathological process by which EV induces cyst formation and anovulation in rodents. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

Modulating effects of Korean ginseng saponins on ovarian function in immature rats

The modulating effects of Korean ginseng saponins on ovarian functions were investigated in immature rats superovulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). A single dose of 1 mg (0.1 ml/head) of Korean ginseng total saponin (GTS), Korean ginseng protopanaxatriol saponin (GPT), Korean ginseng protopanaxadiol saponin (GPD), or ginsenoside-Rb1 (Gin-Rb1) was intravenously injected via jugular vein catheter three times at 1 h (early follicular phase), 25 h (middle follicular phase), and 50 h (late follicular phase) after 30 IU PMSG administration. GPD and Gin-Rb1 significantly suppressed excessive ovulatory response caused by PMSG (p<0.05). All Korean ginseng saponins significantly improved oocyte quality by decreasing the proportion of abnormal oocytes (p<0.05). Gin-Rb1 significantly decreased preovulatory serum levels of androgens and 17beta-estradiol, while GPD increased preovulatory serum progesterone level (p<0.05). GPD significantly the increased postovulatory serum progesterone level (p<0.05). These results provide strong evidence that Korean ginseng saponins have a curative effect on ovarian dysfunction caused by excessive stimulation with PMSG.