儿童肥胖代谢综合征血促肾上腺皮质激素及皮质醇变化分析

目的通过观察代谢综合征(MS)患儿血促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(COR)变化及其与MS相关指标的相关性,探讨垂体及肾上腺皮质功能在儿童MS发病机制中的意义。方法选取门诊确诊肥胖儿童263例,根据腰围、血压、血脂及血糖等指标将患儿分为MS组101例及非MS组162例,进行人体参数测量并收集临床基本资料,测定身高、体质量、腰围、血压、血ACTH、COR、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂等指标,计算体质指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等,对上述资料进行统计学分析。结果 MS组患儿的体质量、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、血FINS、HOMA-IR、三酰甘油(TG)、ACTH、COR高于非MS组,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05);MS组患儿血高密度脂蛋白胆固酮(HDL-C)低于非MS组,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05);MS组患儿血ACTH与腰围、收缩压、舒张压、HOMA-IR和MS组分数(nMSc)呈正相关(P均0.01),血COR与腰围、收缩压、舒张压和nMSc呈正相关(P均0.05),与血HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 MS儿童血ACTH及COR增高,血ACTH及COR与腰围、血压、血HDL-C、HOMA-IR和nMSc等相关,下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质功能改变可能是儿童MS的发病机制之一。     

肥胖儿童代谢综合征代谢紊乱与血清高敏C反应蛋白关系探讨

目的研究对肥胖儿童人群中代谢综合征(MS)与血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)之间的关系,探讨hs-CRP在MS发病机制中的作用及在MS诊断、评价中的可能。方法选取2006年6月至2008年3月在天津医科大学总医院儿科门诊确诊的肥胖儿童109例,根据腰围、血压、血脂及糖耐量指标将患儿分为MS组非MS组,进行人体参数测量并收集临床基本资料,测定hs-CRP、血脂,进行口服糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验。对上述资料进行统计学分析。结果血清hs-CRP水平MS组高于非MS组(P<0.05);Sperman相关分析提示hs-CRP水平与体重指数(BMI)、腰围、腰围/身高比值(WHtR)、非酒精性脂肪肝情况、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及MS组分数呈正相关(P<0.05),与血浆HDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。回归分析表明WHtR(OR=2.708,P<0.05)、BMI(OR=1.169,P<0.05)及腰围(OR=1.145,P<0.05)为hs-CRP水平的显著影响因素。结论提示慢性炎症反应和胰岛素抵抗可能共同参与MS的发病及进展过程,血清hs-CRP水平可作为预计和评价儿童MS的有效指标之一。     

儿童肥胖与代谢综合征的相关性

目的 探讨儿童肥胖与代谢综合征(MS)各指标的关系.方法 选择60例肥胖患儿作为肥胖组,60例正常体质量儿童作为健康对照组,比较2组体质量指数(BMI)、腰围与身高比(WHtR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹胰岛素(FIS)、血尿酸(UA)、脂蛋白(LP)及胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和抵抗指数(IRI)等MS指标,并进行统计学处理.结果 肥胖组BMI、WHtR、MAP、TG、FIS、UA、LP及ISI、IRI均显著高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05).结论 肥胖儿童存在胰岛素抵抗及脂血谢紊乱,并有血压、血UA升高.对处于生长发育期的儿童,应控制和预防肥胖发展,以降低MS及成年时糖尿病、冠心病的发生.     

体质量指数和腰围与肥胖儿童心血管危险因素关系的研究

目的 探讨体质量指数(BMI)、腰围与肥胖儿童心血管危险因素的关系.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2005年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院肥胖病专科门诊就诊的6～18(11.8±3.0)岁患儿283例,其中男179例(11.4±3.0)岁,女104例(12.3±3.0)岁,测体重、身高、腰围、臀围、血压、血清总三酰甘油(甘油三酯,TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),并计算BMI和腰臀比.结果 283例患儿血脂水平异常147例(51.9%),其中1项指标异常100例,2项异常34例,3项异常和4项全部异常为11例和2例.131例患儿TG升高,42例TC升高,HDL-C降低和LDL-C升高分别为20例和17例.283例患儿中高血压131例(46.3%),收缩压(SP)增高112例,舒张压(DP)增高88例,69例两者均增高.校正年龄和性别后,BMI与血清TG水平正相关(r=0.13,P<0.05).腰围不仅与血清TG水平呈正相关(r=0.21,P<0.01),还与血清HDL-C负相关(r=-0.14,P<0.05).腰围与血脂紊乱程度也呈正相关,而BMI则无类似关系.BMI和腰围均与SP、DP呈正相关.腰围异常患儿SP、DP和血清TG明显增高,而HDL-C明显降低.高血压组儿童腰围、血清Tc、LDL-C水平明显高于血压正常组儿童.结论 肥胖儿童易并发脂质代谢紊乱和高血压等心血管危险因素.BMI和腰围与肥胖儿童心血管危险因素关系密切.不同年龄、性别,腰围第95百分位值可作为腰围正常与否的临界点.     

肥胖伴黑棘皮病儿童代谢综合征的高危因素

目的 探讨肥胖伴黑棘皮病儿童代谢综合征(MS)的高危因素.方法 2006年11月-2007年9月在本院儿科就诊25例肥胖伴黑棘皮病儿童(病例组).男15例,女10例;年龄8.4～16.0岁,平均10.6岁;体质量(72.11±17.66)kg;身高(155±14)cm.32例身高别体质量正常的健康儿童为健康对照组.男18例,女14例;年龄7.6～15.8岁,平均9.8岁.比较二组儿童体质量指数(BMI)、胆固醇(12HO)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血压、空腹和葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)2 h血糖、胰岛素和稳态模型评估法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的差异,并对所有儿童进行肝脏超声波检查.采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 病例组儿童BMI、TG、LDL-C、收缩压和舒张压均显著高于健康对照组(Pa<0.01);空腹和OGTT 2h血糖、OGTT 2h胰岛素和HOMA-IR均显著高于健康对照组(Pa<0.01);BMI与收缩压、舒张压、CHO、TG、LDL-C、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)以及HOMA-IR均无相关性(Pa>0.05).病例组患儿中超声诊断脂肪肝发生率为84%,健康对照组儿童肝脏B超检查均未见异常.结论 肥胖伴黑棘皮病儿童BMI增加、胰岛素抵抗、血脂紊乱和血压增高是MS的危险因素,密切随访监测此类患儿有助于早期发现MS.积极治疗肥胖症,阻断儿童血糖、血脂代谢紊乱的发生,有助于减少儿童2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的危险性.     

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目的比较儿童青少年腰围与体重指数(BMI)在代谢综合征(MS)诊断中的实用价值。方法采用随机抽样的方法于2009年6月至2010年10月从南宁市14所中小学中抽取6～18岁儿童青少年7893人,分析腰围、BMI与MS各检测指标的相关性。以中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)及国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)(2007)建议的MS标准应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较腰围及BMI的ROC曲线下面积,反映腰围及BMI诊断MS的准确性大小。结果 (1)除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)均值随肥胖增加而降低外,MS的各检测指标均值比较[除外空腹血糖(FBG)和天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)]均为肥胖组>超重组>正常组,3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)腰围、BMI均与臀围、腰臀比、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、FBG、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关,其中腰围与FBG、TG、HDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR的相关程度较BMI密切。(3)腰围检出MS各组分异常的灵敏性明显高于BMI,阳性预测值(除外HDL-C异常)均相对好于BMI。(4)腰围及BMI的ROC曲线下面积在CDS标准下分别为0.949和0.951;在IDF标准下分别为0.941和0.921。结论儿童青少年MS的诊断中,腰围较BMI更具诊断价值,腰围测量有助于儿童青少年MS的筛查。     

儿童代谢综合征研究现状与思考

代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)是心血管疾病的多种代谢危险因素在个体内集结的状态.其主要组成部分为肥胖,尤其是中心性肥胖、糖尿病或糖调节受损、血脂紊乱[高三酰甘油(TG)、低高密度脂蛋白]和高血压[1-2];其次包括组织胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)、高尿酸血症及微量白蛋白尿.在成年人心血管疾病的患病率、发病率和病死率方面,MS患者明显高于非MS患者.随着对肥胖儿童病因、临床、     

学龄期儿童血尿酸水平调查分析

目的 检测学龄期儿童血尿酸(SUA)水平,分析其与腰围、体质量指数(BMI)、血压及腰围/身高比(WHtR)的关系.方法 对2010年3-6月天津市4所中小学进行体检的1 515名学龄期儿童体检的身高、体质量、腰围、血压及SUA进行检测,按不同年龄及性别进行分组,调查不同年龄组及不同性别儿童SUA水平,并根据SUA水平进行分组,比较尿酸正常(NUA)组与高尿酸血症(HUA)组儿童腰围、BMI、WHtR及血压的关系,对SUA水平与身体测量参数各指标之间进行相关分析.结果 HUA 196例,占总人数的12.94%,男生HUA检出率(19.57%)明显高于女生(5.67%),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HUA组与NUA组比较,BMI、腰围、WHtR、血压均明显增高,SUA水平与年龄、腰围、BMI、血压、WHtR均呈正相关.结论 儿童的SUA水平随着年龄增长而增高;学龄期儿童正常人群中已出现较多的HUA,可认为是高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、高脂血症等疾病的一个危险信号,应早期加以监测,及早控制.     

腹型肥胖对儿童、青少年代谢的影响及评价标准的确立

腹型肥胖是脂肪组织主要积聚于腹腔内脏周围的一种肥胖类型,内脏脂肪堆积导致代谢紊乱和心血管疾病发生的作用独立于整体脂肪含量,彰显了腹型肥胖在代谢综合征(MS)中的重要地位。脂肪细胞因子介导的炎症反应是腹型肥胖致胰岛素抵抗进而发展成MS的重要原因。腰围测量简便,与内脏脂肪水平、胰岛素抵抗、心血管疾病风险的相关性均明显强于体质指数(BMI),已成为衡量腹型肥胖的最常用指标,而腰围身高比(WHtR)因其特有的优势,在儿科临床应用前景广阔。关注儿童青少年腹部脂肪堆积,在新近公布的我国儿童青少年腰围正常值基础上,尽快确定异常界值点,早期筛查,及早干预,对预防MS及相关并发症的发生、提升人群健康水平有重要意义。     

血尿酸水平与维吾尔族超重/肥胖儿童青少年代谢综合征的关系

目的 探讨维吾尔族超重/肥胖儿童青少年的血尿酸（SUA）水平与代谢综合征（MS）之间的关系。方法 研究对象为维吾尔族儿童青少年超重/肥胖患者（n=173）和体重正常者（n=200）。测量其身高、体重、腰围及总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、空腹血糖及 SUA。结果 超重组和肥胖组的 SUA 水平分别为 235±42、285±42 μmol/L,均明显高于对照组（199±32 μmol/L）,差异有统计学意义（PPP2,SUA 水平增加 5.74 μmol/L。结论 维吾尔族超重/肥胖儿童青少年的 SUA 水平明显升高;SUA水平升高,MS 及其组分发生率增加;SUA 与体重指数呈正相关。     

Resilience in Families with a Child with Cancer

The aim of this study was to identify and explore resilience factors associated with family adaption after a child had been diagnosed with cancer. Using a cross-sectional survey research design, parents (n = 26), and children (n = 25) from the same families independently completed six self-report questionnaires, as well as responded to an open-ended question about those qualities that helped their family through the period following the diagnosis. The most significant results came from the children's data. According to these results, connectedness within the family, the experience of control over life events, family routines, positive, and supportive communication, redefinition of crisis situations, and lastly, a passive appraisal of crisis situations, were positively linked to better family adaptation. The identified factors should be strengthened and developed in families finding themselves in a similar situation.     

Therapeutic experience with hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18

Trisomy 18 is often fatal, but patients with this disease can now have longer survival due to proactive treatment intervention. However, hepatoblastomas may develop in these patients. In this study, we report four cases of hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18. All of the patients had congenital heart disease and three had undergone intracardiac surgical repair. Tumor growth was relatively slow in all cases, and there were no problems with chemotherapy tolerability and surgical resection. Three of the patients are currently disease‐free and the fourth is alive with remaining of the tumor. These cases suggest that combined chemotherapy and surgical resection may be an option to treat hepatoblastoma associated with trisomy 18 when cardiac pulmonary function is relatively stable.     

Colonization with Clostridium difficile in Children with Cancer

Objective

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. Usually it does not cause disease unless a patient who is colonized with toxin-producing strains has been treated with antibiotics, particularly those that change the anaerobic flora of the large intestine.

Methods

We investigated in a prospective study intestinal colonization of C. difficile and its toxins in children with malignancy that used different antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs.

Findings

One hundred fifty-two patients were included in this prospective study. Stool samples were obtained within the first 48 hours after admission and cultured for C. difficile; cytopathic effect of C. difficile was detected on HELA cells, also ELISA test was performed for detection of toxins A and B. 25% of patients had positive culture for C. difficile; 36/38 (92%) revealed positive cytopathic effect on HELA cells. No significant relation was found between age, gender, history of antibiotic consumption and C. difficile positive culture and cytopathic effect on HELA cells. The only relation was seen between cotrimoxazol usage and cytopathic effect on HELA cells (P=0.03).

Conclusion

Although the rate of C. difficile colonization (25.6%) and toxigenic strains (23.7%) in admitted children in hematologic ward is high, the rate of ELISA positive test for toxin A+B was not correspond with culture and cytopatic effect on HELA cell. With respect to sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test, possibility for existence of toxin C with cytopathic effect is high in this type of patients.     

Tyrosinemia associated with perinatal infection with cytomegalovirus.

A premature infant presented with elevated concentrations of tyrosine in blood and urine, evidence of hepatocellular damage, demineralization of the bones, and a renal Fanconi syndrome. This is the clinical picture found in hereditary tyrosinemia. The infant also had a perinatal infection with cytomegalovirus.     

Treatment with Probucol of Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT. Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2±1.45 mmol/l to 7.17±0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92±0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is defined as a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by leukoerythroblastosis, tear drop erythrocytes, extramedullary hematopoesis and varying degree of myelofibrosis. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a large number of conditions. Here is a rare case of myelofibrosis occurring in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.