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1.
《Scandinavian journal of immunology》2018,88(3)
Rationale
Sufficient levels of vitamin D seem to be essential for proper immune function, and low levels might be associated to disease activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA ). Most studies investigate only 25OHD and not the physiologically active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH )2D.Objective
To investigate associations between serum level of vitamin D metabolites and disease activity parameters in 160 inflammatory active and treatment naïve early RA patients. Serum level of vitamin D metabolites (25OHD 2, 25OHD 3 and 1,25(OH )2D) was measured by isotope dilution mass spectrometry and radio‐immunoassays at baseline. Disease characteristics were gender, number of tender joints, number of swollen joints, DAS 28‐CRP , HAQ , VAS ‐scores, CRP , erosive status (Total Sharp Score; TSS ), ACPA and IgM‐RF ‐status. Associations were evaluated using Spearman's and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. The study was registered in clinical trials; trial registration number: NCT 00209859.Findings
Statistically significant inverse associations were found between the active metabolite 1,25(OH )2D and DAS 28‐CRP (P = 0.004, rho = −0.23), HAQ (P = 0.005, rho = −0.22), CRP (P = 0.001, rho = −0.25), VAS patient‐pain (P = 0.008, rho = −0.21), and a positive association was found to ACPA ‐status (P = 0.04).Conclusion
The vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH )2D was inversely associated with disease activity and positively associated with ACPA in treatment naïve and inflammatory active early RA . The results indicate that in RA , both the degree of inflammatory activity, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity might affect—or might be affected by the level of vitamin 1,25(OH )2D.2.
Background
Ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 are major bioactive components of Panax ginseng. This in vivo study investigates the metabolic pathways of ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 orally administered to rats. 相似文献3.
Brad J. Behnke Leonardo F. Ferreira P.J. McDonough Timothy I. Musch David C. Poole 《Respiratory physiology & neurobiology》2009,168(3):254-260
The time course of muscle recovery from contractions (i.e., muscle off-kinetics), measured directly at the site of O2 exchange, i.e., in the microcirculation, is unknown. Whereas biochemical models based upon creatine kinase flux rates predict slower off- than on-transients [Kushmerick, M.J., 1998. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol.] whole muscle data [Krustrup, et al. J. Physiol.] suggest on–off symmetry.
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that the slowed recovery blood flow (Qm) kinetics profile in the spinotrapezius muscle [Ferreira et al., 2006. J. Physiol.] was associated with a slowed muscle recovery compared with that seen at the onset of contractions (time constant, τ 23 s, Behnke et al., 2002. Resp. Physiol.), i.e., on–off asymmetry.Methods
Measurements of capillary red blood cell flux and microvascular pressure of O2 (PO2mv) were combined to resolve the temporal profile of muscle across the moderate intensity contractions-to-rest transition.Results
Muscle decreased from an end-contracting value of 7.7 ± 0.2 ml/100 g/min to 1.7 ± 0.1 ml/100 g/min at the end of the 3 min recovery period, which was not different from pre-stimulation . Contrary to our hypothesis, muscle in recovery began to decrease immediately (i.e., time delay <2 s) and demonstrated rapid first-order kinetics (τ, 25.5 ± 2.6 s) not different (i.e., symmetrical to) to those during the on-transient. This resulted in a systematic increase in microvascular PO2 during the recovery from contractions.Conclusions
The slowed Qm kinetics in recovery serves to elevate the ratio and thus microvascular PO2. Whether this Qm response is obligatory to the rapid muscle kinetics and hence speeds the repletion of high-energy phosphates by maximizing conductive and diffusive O2 flux is an important question that awaits resolution. 相似文献4.
Background
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an arachidonic acid metabolite converted by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays important roles in the regulation of endothelial functions in response to bacterial infection. The enzymatic activity of COX-2 can be down-regulated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. However, the mechanisms underlying HO-1 modulating COX-2 protein expression are not known. 相似文献5.
John H Warner Qiwei Liang Mohamadi Sarkar Paul E Mendes Hans J Roethig 《BMC medical research methodology》2010,10(1):19
Background
This article describes the data mining analysis of a clinical exposure study of 3585 adult smokers and 1077 nonsmokers. The analysis focused on developing models for four biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH): white blood cell count (WBC), 24 h urine 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (EPI8), 24 h urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (DEH11), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). 相似文献6.
Objective
To explore the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus human recombinant interleukin-15 (IL-15) on expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and STAT5, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in human monocytes incubated with sera from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with uremia. 相似文献7.
Arnaud Bourdin Alberto A. Papi Jonathan Corren J. Christian Virchow Megan S. Rice Yamo Deniz Michel Djandji Paul Rowe Ian D. Pavord 《Allergy》2021,76(1):269-280
Background
Dupilumab blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, key drivers of type 2 inflammation. In phase 2b (NCT01854047) and phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST (NCT02414854), add-on dupilumab 200/300 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) reduced severe exacerbations, improved prebronchodilator (pre-BD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and quality of life measures, and it was generally well tolerated in patients with uncontrolled, persistent (phase 2b), or moderate-to-severe (phase 3) asthma.Methods
In patients on high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with type 2-high asthma (subgroups including baseline blood eosinophils ≥150/300 cells/µL and/or fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO] ≥25 ppb), annualized severe exacerbation rates over the treatment period, changes from baseline in pre-BD FEV1 and asthma control (5-item asthma control questionnaire [ACQ-5]) were analyzed.Results
In high-dose ICS type 2-high subgroups, dupilumab 200/300 mg q2w vs placebo in the phase 2b (24 weeks) and phase 3 (52 weeks) studies significantly reduced severe exacerbations by 55%-69%/57%-60% (all P<.05) and 53%-69%/48%-66% (all P < .001), respectively, except in patients with ≥ 300 eosinophils/µL in phase 2b study (24%/50% (P = .52/0.15). Across subgroups, pre-BD FEV1 improved by 0.18-0.22 L/0.19-0.24 L (all P < .05) and 0.23-0.36 L/0.15-0.25 L (all P < .01) and ACQ-5 scores were reduced by 0.46-0.55/0.47-0.85 (all P < .05) and 0.38-0.50/0.24-0.30 (all P < .05), respectively, except dupilumab 200 mg q2w in phase 2b in patients with FeNO ≥ 25 ppb (0.41; P = .09). Dupilumab was also effective in patients taking medium-dose ICS.Conclusion
Dupilumab significantly reduced severe exacerbations and improved lung function and asthma control in patients with type 2-high asthma on high-dose ICS at baseline.8.
Koji Kishimoto Rung-Chi Li Jian Zhang Judith A Klaus Kathleen K Kibler Sylvain Doré Raymond C Koehler Adam Sapirstein 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2010,7(1):42
Background
The enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) has been implicated in the progression of cerebral injury following ischemia and reperfusion. Previous studies in rodents suggest that cPLA2α enhances delayed injury extension and disruption of the blood brain barrier many hours after reperfusion. In this study we investigated the role of cPLA2α in early ischemic cerebral injury. 相似文献9.
Katherine Leyba Nitchawat Paiyabhroma John P. Salvas Frederick W. Damen Alicia Janvier Emma Zub Corinne Bernis Richard Rouland Christophe J. Dubois Jerome Badaut Sylvain Richard Nicola Marchi Craig J. Goergen Pierre Sicard 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》2023,238(2):e13933
Aim
Retrospective studies suggest that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric patients may lead to an increased risk of cardiac events. However, the exact functional and temporal dynamics and the associations between heart and brain pathophysiological trajectories are not understood.Methods
A single impact to the left somatosensory cortical area of the intact skull was performed on juvenile mice (17 days postnatal). Cerebral 3D photoacoustic imaging was used to measure the oxygen saturation (sO2) in the impacted area 4 h after mTBI followed by 2D and 4D echocardiography at days 7, 30, 90, and 190 post-impact. At 8 months, we performed a dobutamine stress test to evaluate cardiac function. Lastly, behavioral analyses were conducted 1 year after initial injury.Results
We report a rapid and transient decrease in cerebrovascular sO2 and increased hemoglobin in the impacted left brain cortex. Cardiac analyses showed long-term diastolic dysfunction and a diminished systolic strain response under stress in the mTBI group. At the molecular level, cardiac T-p38MAPK and troponin I expression was pathologic modified post-mTBI. We found linear correlations between brain sO2 measured immediately post-mTBI and long-term cardiac strain after 8 months. We report that initial cerebrovascular hypoxia and chronic cardiac dysfunction correlated with long-term behavioral changes hinting at anxiety-like and memory maladaptation.Conclusion
Experimental juvenile mTBI induces time-dependent cardiac dysfunction that corresponds to the initial neurovascular sO2 dip and is associated with long-term behavioral modifications. These imaging biomarkers of the heart–brain axis could be applied to improve clinical pediatric mTBI management. 相似文献10.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate if l(+)-lactate (lactate) can be used as a marker of progression of joint inflammation in comparison with a reference marker, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and to analyse implications for drug treatments. 相似文献11.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of Akt/TSC1-TSC2/mTOR signal pathway on the hepatocyte growth and proliferation after partial hepatectomy in rats.Methods
We used the animal model of 70% hepatectomy, separated and cultivated hepatocytes. According to the different time points after partial hepatectomy, it could be grouped into 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h. According to the different kinds of specific inhibitor in the nutritive medium after the separation of hepatocytes, it could be grouped into Triciribine (TR), Rapamycin (RA) and Control (CO). We investigated 3H-Leucine incorporation into protein, the cross section areas of hepatocytes, and detected cell cycle through FCM. The expressions of phosphorylated protein TSC2 and mTOR were observed.Results
(1) The content of phosphorylated protein TSC2 in group CO began to increase at 2 h and got to the peak at 6 h but declined at 24 h. The content of phosphorylated protein TSC2 in group RA had the same variation with that of phosphorylated protein TSC2 in group CO. (2) At the time point of 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after operation, the incorporation efficiency of 3H-Leucine in groups RA and TR was different from that in group CO in statistics (P < 0.01). (3) It could be seen that the cross section areas of hepatocytes in groups RA and TR were different from that in group CO in statistics at 2 h and 6 h after operation (P < 0.05). (4) Comparing with the other two inhibitor groups (TR and RA), the number of cells during the period of G0/G1 in group CO became fewer, while the number of cells during the period of S and G2/M grew obviously (referring to Fig. 8). After operation, each time point was different from the inhibitor groups obviously (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The peak declined greatly at 24 h and 72 h after operation.Conclusions
These data strongly suggest the effects of Akt/TSC1-TSC2/mTOR signal pathway on hepatocyte growth, protein synthesis and cell cycle, and prove its contribution to liver regeneration. 相似文献12.
Alemayehu H. Jufar Roger G. Evans Clive N. May Sally G. Hood Ashenafi H. Betrie Anton Trask-Marino Rinaldo Bellomo Yugeesh R. Lankadeva 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》2023,237(4):e13919
Aim
Recruitment of renal functional reserve (RFR) with amino acid loading increases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. However, its effects on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation have not been determined. Accordingly, we tested the effects of recruitment of RFR on renal cortical and medullary oxygenation in non-anesthetized sheep.Methods
Under general anesthesia, we instrumented 10 sheep to enable subsequent continuous measurements of systemic and renal hemodynamics, renal oxygen delivery and consumption, and cortical and medullary tissue oxygen tension (PO2). We then measured the effects of recruitment of RFR with an intravenous infusion of 500 ml of a clinically used amino acid solution (10% Synthamin® 17) in the non-anesthetized state.Results
Compared with baseline, Synthamin® 17 infusion significantly increased renal oxygen delivery mean ± SD maximum increase: (from 0.79 ± 0.17 to 1.06 ± 0.16 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), renal oxygen consumption (from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.15 ± 0.02 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001), and glomerular filtration rate (+45.2 ± 2.7%, p < 0.001). Renal cortical tissue PO2 increased by a maximum of 26.4 ± 1.1% (p = 0.001) and medullary tissue PO2 increased by a maximum of 23.9 ± 2.8% (p = 0. 001).Conclusions
In non-anesthetized healthy sheep, recruitment of RFR improved renal cortical and medullary oxygenation. These observations might have implications for the use of recruitment of RFR for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. 相似文献13.
Annirudha J Chillar Parastoo Karimi Kathy Tang Ke-He Ruan 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2011,11(1):11
Background
Conventionally the active ingredients in herbal extracts are separated into individual components, by fractionation, desalting, and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study we have tried to directly screen water-soluble fractions of herbs with potential active ingredients before purification or extraction. We propose that the herbal extracts mimicking prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2) can be identified in the water-soluble non-purified fraction. PGE1 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule used for treating peripheral vascular diseases while PGE2 is an inflammatory molecule. 相似文献14.
Schwandt A Garcia JA Elson P Wyckhouse J Finke JH Ireland J Triozzi P Zhou M Dreicer R Rini BI 《Journal of clinical immunology》2011,31(4):690-698
Introduction
Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis associated with higher renal cell carcinoma stage. COX-2 inhibition enhances interferon (IFN-α) anti-tumor immune effects in pre-clinical models. A phase II trial of celecoxib and IFN-α in a targeted population of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with maximal COX-2 expression was conducted. 相似文献15.
Wei-Li Wang Chang-Hung Kuo Yu-Te Chu Ching-Hua Huang Ka-Pan Lam Shau-Ku Huang Yuh-Jyh Jong Yu-Ting Kuo Chih-Hsing Hung 《Inflammation research》2011,60(7):655-663
Objective and design
Although treatment for asthma control has improved a lot recently, refractory asthma is still a challenge for clinicians. Evidence revealed that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy may have potential in treating refractory asthma. Recently in an animal model, prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analogues can suppress the cardinal feature of asthma. However, whether PGI2 analogues can regulate TNF-α expression in monocytes and the mechanism is not well-known. 相似文献16.
Debashish Banerjee Biswanath Maity Subrata K Nag Sandip K Bandyopadhyay Subrata Chattopadhyay 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2008,8(1):3
Background
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of the rhizomes of the Indian medicinal plant, Picrorhiza kurroa in healing indomethacin-induced acute stomach ulceration in mice and examine its capacity to modulate oxidative stress and the levels of prostaglandin (PGE2) and EGF during the process. 相似文献17.
Katharina Berger Michael Sander Anke Kohlar Christian Meisel Wolfgang Konertz Thomas Volk 《Inflammation research》2010,59(9):767-773
Objective and design
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery have an elevated risk for pulmonary complications. A dysfunction of alveolar macrophages (AM) might promote postoperative infections. Therefore intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i as an important second messenger in cellular signaling was assessed in AM. 相似文献18.
Genetic ablation of carbonic anhydrase IX disrupts gastric barrier function via claudin‐18 downregulation and acid backflux
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A. K. Singh K. A. Mäkelä A. Seidler Y. Liu G. Gros H. Bartels K. H. Herzig U. Seidler 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》2018,222(4)
Aim
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms for the parietal cell loss and fundic hyperplasia observed in gastric mucosa of mice lacking the carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX).Methods
We assessed the ability of CAIX‐knockout and WT gastric surface epithelial cells to withstand a luminal acid load by measuring the pHi of exteriorized gastric mucosa in vivo using two‐photon confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cytokines and claudin‐18A2 expression was analysed by RT‐PCR.Results
CAIX‐knockout gastric surface epithelial cells showed significantly faster pHi decline after luminal acid load compared to WT. Increased gastric mucosal IL‐1β and iNOS, but decreased claudin‐18A2 expression (which confer acid resistance) was observed shortly after weaning, prior to the loss of parietal and chief cells. At birth, neither inflammatory cytokines nor claudin‐18 expression were altered between CAIX and WT gastric mucosa. The gradual loss of acid secretory capacity was paralleled by an increase in serum gastrin, IL‐11 and foveolar hyperplasia. Mild chronic proton pump inhibition from the time of weaning did not prevent the claudin‐18 decrease nor the increase in inflammatory markers at 1 month of age, except for IL‐1β. However, the treatment reduced the parietal cell loss in CAIX‐KO mice in the subsequent months.Conclusions
We propose that CAIX converts protons that either backflux or are extruded from the cells rapidly to CO2 and H2O, contributing to tight junction protection and gastric epithelial pHi regulation. Lack of CAIX results in persistent acid backflux via claudin‐18 downregulation, causing loss of parietal cells, hypergastrinaemia and foveolar hyperplasia. 相似文献19.
Peter Gunnarsson Louise Fornander Peter Påhlsson Magnus Grenegård 《Inflammation research》2010,59(2):89-95
Objective
We have recently shown that terminal sialic acid residues are essential for α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)-induced Ca2+ mobilization in neutrophils. The aim of the present study was to establish the importance of sialic acid residues on AGP in modulating human neutrophil functions, with emphasis on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 相似文献20.
Sharon LR Kardia Reagan J Kelly Mehdi A Keddache Bruce J Aronow Gregory A Grabowski Harvey S Hahn Karen L Case Lynne E Wagoner Gerald W DornII Stephen B Liggett 《BMC medical genetics》2008,9(1):93