腹腔镜肝切除术的可行性

目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除手术的可行性. 方法 2002年7月～2004年2月行完全腹腔镜肝切除44例,其中原发性肝细胞癌22例、肝血管瘤10例、肝脓肿3例、肝囊肿伴感染1例、肝脏局灶结节性增生3例、肝脏腺瘤1例、胆管囊腺瘤1例、炎性肉芽肿1例、肝门部胆管癌1例、高分化胆管细胞癌1例.肝功能Child分级A级38例,B级6例(均为肝癌病人). 结果腹腔镜下完成肝局部切除17例、左肝规则性切除14例、右肝规则性切除13例.手术时间15～450 min,平均195 min.出血量50～1 500 ml,平均405 ml.输血量0～1 000 ml,平均175 ml.术后恢复顺利,术后住院2～9 d,平均5.6 d.结论腹腔镜肝切除术安全可行,不仅适于肝良性肿瘤,也为肝脏恶性肿瘤提供了切除肿瘤的新途径.     

提高复杂肝切除术的安全性

肝切除术是治疗原发性肝癌最有效的方法之一.复杂肝切除术目前尚无统一的定义,一般认为,巨大肝癌(＞10 cm)切除术、右半肝及左或右三叶切除术、肝中叶(Ⅳ、V、Ⅷ段)切除术、肿瘤侵犯第一、第二肝门或者下腔静脉时所施行的肝切除术、肝癌合并胆管癌栓或门静脉癌栓的肝切除术、特殊部位的肝切除术如尾状叶切除和第Ⅷ段切除属于复杂肝切除术.近年来,随着医疗技术的进步及围手术期管理水平的提高,肝切除手术死亡率已显著下降.然而,由于复杂肝切除术中需切除的肿瘤体积巨大或位置特殊而可导致大血管、胆管损伤及肝功能不全等严重并发症,复杂肝切除术仍存在一定的手术风险.只有术前做好充分的安全性评估,术中选择恰当的肝血流控制措施及尽可能保护肝组织,术后提供强有力的对症支持治疗,才能保障复杂肝切除术的安全实施.     

射频凝固器在肝切除术中的应用

目的 评价射频凝固器(Habib 4X)在肝切除术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年11月至2010年4月天津市第三中心医院应用Habib 4X对21例肝胆疾病患者施行肝切除术的临床效果.结果 成功完成21例肝切除术,其中右半肝切除3例,左半肝切除1例,2个肝段以上切除9例,单一肝段切除7例,肝脏局部切除1例.肿瘤均完整切除.平均切除时间(50±25)min,平均出血量(129±117)ml.术后无患者进入ICU.术后患者发生胆汁漏3例,淋巴液漏1例,胸腔积液4例,均经非手术治疗痊愈.全组患者无术后腹腔内出血、肝功能衰竭、伤口感染和围手术期死亡.术后平均住院时间(19±14)d.结论 肝切除术中应用Habib 4X辅助切肝,其射频能量可使拟切除面肝组织脱水凝固,闭合局部血管及其他管道系统,不阻断入肝血流,无需预先处理将要离断的粗大血管,可明显减少切除过程中的出血甚至不出血,降低术后并发症的发生率,使肝切除过程更安全、快捷.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of Habib 4X in hepatic resection. Methods The clinical outcome of 21 patients with liver disease who received liver resection at the Tianjin Third Central Hospital from November 2009 to April 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. All the operations were carried out by using Habib 4X. Results All patients received hepatectomy, including right hepatectomy in three patients, left hepatectomy in one patient, multiple segmentectomy in nine patients, single segmentectomy in seven patients and partial liver resection in one patient. All tumors were reseeted completely. The mean operation time was (50±25) minutes and the mean blood loss was(129±117)ml. No patient was transferred to ICU. Three patients were complicated with bile leakage, one with lymphatic leakage and four with pleural effusion, and they were cured by non-surgical treatment. There were no patients with postoperative hemorrhage, incision infection or hepatic failure. No mortality was observed. The mean postoperative hospital stay was(19±14)days. Conclusions Radiofrequency energy was applied along the margins of the tumor to create zones of necrosis before resection with a scalpel, offering hepatobiliary surgeons an additional method for performing liver resections with minimal blood loss, low morbidity and mortality rates. As for malignant tumors, minor or major liver resection assisted by Habib 4X is safe, and it can reduce the chance of positive incisal margin.     

经皮射频治疗肝海绵状血管瘤的疗效与安全性分析

目的评价经皮射频(percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, PRFA)微创治疗肝脏海绵状血管瘤(hepatic cavernous hemangiomas,HCHs)的有效性和安全性. 方法应用RF-2000射频仪和10电极LeVeen射频针在超声引导下施行PRFA治疗HCHs 26例39个病灶直径2.5～11.0 cm,其中直径＞3.0 cm者予分层多点或多次叠合消融.局部麻醉,配合全身镇痛处理. 结果 26例均成功实施PRFA.反应期2～5天,包括局部疼痛不适、发热、ALT升高等,无胆漏、出血等并发症.23例随访1～5年,平均2年8个月,经一次治疗完全缓解(CR)22例,部分缓解(PR)1例,缓解率(CR PR)100%;HCHs直径平均缩小68.8%(41.2%～81.5%). 结论在掌握好适应证和操作技巧的前提下,PRFA可发挥微创、安全、有效之优势,可作为治疗HCHs的一种理想选择方法.     

超声引导下射频消融术与腹腔镜肝部分切除术治疗小肝癌的比较分析

目的 探讨超声引导下射频消融术与腹腔镜肝部分切除术治疗小肝癌的疗效对比。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年1月台州市立医院肝胆外科收治的小肝癌（直径≤3 cm）患者,根据治疗 方法分为超声引导下射频消融组（A组,47例）与腹腔镜肝部分切除组（B组,36例）,比较两组的手术时 间、术中出血量、术后第1天疼痛评分、下床活动时间、进食时间、术后第2天AST和CRP水平,以及住 院时间、住院费用、术后并发症发生情况。结果 A组手术时间[（29.1±12.3）min vs（127.5±29.6）min, P<0.001]、术中出血量[（5.3±2.1）mL vs （138.3±37.5）mL,P<0.001]、术后第1天疼痛评分[（0.9±0.3） vs （3.1±0.7）,P=0.010]、下床活动时间[（0.7±0.2） d vs （2.3±0.9） d, P=0.021]、进食时间[（1.1±0.1） d vs （2.4± 0.6）d,P=0.045]、住院时间[（7.3±2.4）d vs （12.3±3.7）d,P=0.012]和住院费用[（23 872.8±2 159.5）元 vs（31 563.7±3 547.6）元,P=0.033]优于B组;且并发症中胆瘘（2.1% vs 13.8%,P=0.040）和肝功能不全发 生率（4.2% vs 19.4%,P=0.027）均低于B组。A组和B组术后1、3年总体生存率分别为90.0% vs 93.7%、 72.5% vs 81.3%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 在治疗直径≤3 cm的小肝癌时,超声引导下射频 消融术比腹腔镜肝部分切除术围手术期恢复更快;两者总体治疗效果相当,可根据具体情况选择性应用。     

射频消融术与肝切除术对治疗米兰标准小肝癌临床疗效的Meta分析

目的比较射频消融术(Radiofrequency ablation,RFA)与手术切除术治疗(Surgical resection,SR)米兰标准下小肝癌的临床有效性和安全性。方法利用计算机和人工检索的方式检索Pub Med、The Cochrane Library、Embase、CNKI、维普期刊、万方数据、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),全面搜集射频消融术与手术切除治疗米兰标准下小肝癌的临床对照研究。按照Cochrane协作网提供的方法用Rev Man5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果一共检索出11篇文献,2274名患者纳入此次研究,其中RFA组1160名,SR组1114。RFA组与SR组1、3年总体生存率(OR,0.79(95%CI,0.46 to 1.36),Z检验:P=0.39,OR,0.72(95%CI,0.50 to 1.02),Z检验:P=0.06)无统计学差异(P0.05),5年总体生存率RFA组低于SR组(OR,0.55(95%CI,0.41 to 0.73),Z检验:P0.0001),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SR组在1、3、5年无瘤生存率中比RFA组更高,差异有统计学意义。RFA组比SR组的并发症发生率低(OR,0.23(95%CI,0.11 to 0.52),Z检验:P=0.0003),安全性更高。结论 RFA相较于SR有更少的并发症,安全性更高。就短期来说RFA与SR的治疗效果相当,长期效果而言SR疗效是优于RFA的。     

前入路肝切除术

由于临床和解剖学研究的不断进步和手术器械的更新，肝脏外科手术技术取得了较大的发展。近年来，“前入路”肝切除技术以其相较于传统肝切除术的诸多优点，日益受到肝脏外科医师的重视。     

螺旋水刀和超声刀在肝叶切除术中的应用

目的对比研究螺旋水刀和超声刀在肝叶切除术中的应用。方法回顾性对比分析螺旋水刀、超声刀和钳夹法各31例的临床效果。结果水刀组和超声刀组在术中出血量、术后引流量方面两组无明显差别,但较钳夹法组明显减少。而水刀组和钳夹法组在术中断肝时间上,较超声刀组明显缩短。结论螺旋水刀和超声刀在肝叶切除术中均是安全、简便和有效的工具。螺旋水刀可作进一步推广。     

肝切除术中肝切除量的探讨

肝脏良性疾病包括肝内胆管结石、肝血管瘤、肝腺瘤、肝囊肿等，肝脏恶性肿瘤包括原发性或继发性肝癌．肝切除术是目前治疗各种肝脏良、恶性疾病的主要方法，术中均存在切除正常肝组织的量的问题。     

射频凝固器在肝癌肝切除术中的应用

目的 探讨射频凝固器与传统钳夹法行肝癌肝切除术对术中出血和术后并发症的影响.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年6月第三军医大学西南医院收治的130例肝癌患者的临床资料,采用配对病例对照研究方法,将65例采用射频凝固器进行肝切除术的肝癌患者设立为射频凝固器组;同时根据肿瘤的大小、部位和Child-Pugh分级在肝癌数据库中配对选取65例临床病理特征类似的采用传统钳夹法进行肝切除术的患者设立为传统钳夹组.对两组患者术中和术后的相关参数进行统计学对比分析.计量资料用中位数加范围表示,均数比较用方差分析;计数资料比较用x2检验,当例数＜ 10时采用Fisher确切概率法.结果 射频凝固器组患者的术中断肝时间和肝门阻断时间分别为28 min(12～55 min)和10 min(0～ 15 min),明显短于传统钳夹组的45min(25 ～92m in)和15 min(10～32min),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=10.35,9.05,P＜0.05);射频凝固器组患者的术中出血量和术中输血量分别为150ml(50 ～350ml)和0ml,显著少于传统钳夹组的450 ml (250～ 2500 ml)和550 ml(0～2000 ml),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=15.86,P＜0.05);射频凝固器组65例患者未输血,显著多于传统钳夹组的48例(x2=19.58,P＜0.05).射频凝固器组患者术后第3、7天AST和TBil,术后第3天PT、Clavien外科并发症分级、住院时间分别为302 U/L(89 ～823 U/L)、54 U/L(16 ～325 U/L)、37 μmol/L(18～112 μmol/L)、24 μmol/L(9～66 μmol/L)、15 s(11 ～20 s)、22％(14/65)、12 d(8 ～36 d),与传统钳夹组的253 U/L(63～876 U/L)、62 U/L(22 ～ 376 U/L)、41 μmol/L(19 ～ 105 μmol/L)、25tμmol/L(11 ～59 μmol/L)、14 s(11 ～21 s)、26％ (17/65)、13 d(9 ～35 d)比较,差异无统计学意义(F =2.59,1.93,3.96,1.58,2.35,x2=0.381,F=1.58,P＞0.05);射频凝固器并发症发生率为17％(11/65),显著低于传统钳夹组的52％(34/65),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=17.38,P＜0.05).其中射频凝固组只有2例患者发生术后出血,显著少于传统钳夹组的22例.但射频凝固器组有8例患者发生断面包裹性积液,其中5例需穿刺引流.传统钳夹组有2例患者发生肝功能不全;射频凝固器组有2例患者发生血红蛋白尿.结论 与传统钳夹法比较,射频凝固器行肝切除术具有出血少、安全、快捷的优点.     

Laparoscopic liver resection assisted with radiofrequency

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency-assisted laparoscopic liver resection is reported. METHODS: Patients suitable for liver resection were carefully assessed for laparoscopic resection. Patient and intraoperative and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection. All operations were performed without vascular clamping and consisting of tumorectomy (n = 9), multiple tumoretcomies (n = 2), segmentectomy (n = 2), and bisegmentectomies (n = 2). Mean blood loss was 121 +/- 68 mL, and mean resection was time 167 +/- 45 minutes. There was no need for perioperative or postoperative transfusion of blood or blood products. One patient developed pneumothorax during surgery as a result of direct puncture of pleura with the radiofrequency probe, and 1 patient had transient liver failure and required supportive care after surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.0 +/-1.5 days. At follow-up, those with liver cancer had no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency-assist laparoscopic liver resection can decrease the risk of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion.     

射频凝血器在原发性肝癌切除术中的应用

目的 探讨射频凝血器在原发性肝癌切除术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年2月西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院收治的82例行手术切除的原发性肝癌患者的临床资料,根据其手术方式不同将患者分为射频止血肝切除组(41例)和常规钳夹肝切除组(41例),通过对两组患者的临床资料进行分析,评价射频凝血器的应用价值.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 射频止血肝切除组平均手术时间(77±28) min,比常规钳夹肝切除组的(129±34) min明显缩短(t=7.432,P＜0.05);射频止血肝切除组肝门阻断4例,较常规钳夹肝切除组的23例明显减少(x2=19.934,P＜0.05);射频止血肝切除组和常规钳夹肝切除组术中出血量分别为(241±214) ml和(751 ±421) ml,术中输血患者比例分别为15％ (6/41)和49％(20/41),两者比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.920,x2=11.038,P＜0.05).射频止血肝切除组和常规钳夹肝切除组在术后出血发生率、术后胆汁漏发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.213,1.822,P＞0.05);射频止血肝切除组术后住院时间为(9±4)d,比常规钳夹组的(12±7)d明显减少(t=2.368,P＜0.05).两组均无围手术期死亡患者.结论 新型手术辅助器械射频凝血器能够有效地控制出血、减少手术时间,缩短术后住院时间,在原发性肝癌手术治疗中有较大的应用价值.     

The safety and effectiveness of liver resection for breast cancer liver metastases: A systematic review

Breast cancer liver metastases have traditionally been considered incurable and any treatment given therefore palliative. Liver resections for breast cancer metastases are being performed, despite there being no robust evidence for which patients benefit. This review aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of liver resection for breast cancer metastases.A systematic literature review was performed and resulted in 33 papers being assembled for analysis. All papers were case series and data extracted was heterogeneous so a meta-analysis was not possible. Safety outcomes were mortality and morbidity (in hospital and 30-day). Effectiveness outcomes were local recurrence, re-hepatectomy, survival (months), 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rate (%), disease free survival (months) and 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year disease free survival rate (%). Overall median figures were calculated using unweighted median data given in each paper.Results demonstrated that mortality was low across all studies with a median of 0% and a maximum of 5.9%. The median morbidity rate was 15%. Overall survival was a median of 35.1 months and a median 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival of 84.55%, 71.4%, 52.85% and 33% respectively. Median disease free survival was 21.5 months with a 3- and 5-year median disease free survival of 36% and 18%.Whilst the results demonstrate seemingly satisfactory levels of overall survival and disease free survival, the data are of poor quality with multiple confounding variables and small study populations. Recommendations are for extensive pilot and feasibility work with the ultimate aim of conducting a large pragmatic randomised control trial to accurately determine which patients benefit from liver resection for breast cancer liver metastases.     

Segmental liver resection in a child using intraoperative ultrasound-guided radiofrequency energy

Segmental surgical liver resection is still considered the only potentially curative option for patients with resectable liver tumors. Intraoperative bleeding may be a dangerous complication even in an expert's hands. A bloodless technique of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted segmental liver resection was performed in a 9-year-old girl with a mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor of the liver. Under intraoperative ultrasound guidance, the liver parenchyma was coagulated along the marked resection plane by a single “cooled-tip” RF electrode and then divided with a surgical knife. A nearly bloodless resection of the parenchyma was achieved within 25 minutes. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day without complications. My early experience shows that RF-assisted liver resection offers a valuable additional option for bloodless removal of liver tumors in pediatric age.     

射频止血系统在肝切除术中的应用(附65例报告)

目的介绍一种新的射频止血系统在肝切除术中的应用情况并评估其安全性及有效性。方法 2015年6月至2016年6月间11例病人单独使用射频止血系统行肝切除术,54例病例采用射频止血系统与其他肝切除设备[超声刀、双极电凝钳和超声吸引刀(cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator,CUSA)]配合使用行肝切除术。使用射频止血系统解剖第一肝门、离断肝周韧带,使用其他切肝设备离断肝脏实质,肝断面出血点采用射频止血系统止血。结果 11例单独使用射频止血切肝的病人中,有9例没有行肝脏血流阻断,1例左半肝切除病人预先结扎患侧入肝血流,1例左半肝切除术中行陈氏肝血流阻断(第一肝门阻断联合肝下下腔静脉阻断);中位出血量为150 ml(30~300 ml),中位手术时间为200 min(90~250 min)。射频止血系统配合使用其他切肝设备54例病例中:腹腔镜肝切除术33例,开腹手术21例;33例未采用任何血流阻断方法(59.3%),第一肝门联合下腔静脉阻断3例,第一肝门阻断5例,10例半肝切除及3例扩大左半肝切除均预先处理患侧血管;54例中有1例活体肝移植供肝手术未采用任何血流阻断技术;腹腔镜手术无中转开腹;中位出血量为230 ml(50~500 ml),中位手术时间为240 min(90~360 min)。所有病例均未输血,均恢复顺利,无严重术后并发症,无围手术期死亡。结论在肝切除术中使用射频止血系统可减少术中出血量,避免肝血流阻断带来的缺血再灌注损伤,操作简单,值得推广。     

经皮与开腹射频治疗肝癌的合理选择

目的：探讨射频（RFA）治疗肝癌不同途径的合理选用。方法：41例肝癌病人分为2组进行经皮射频（PRFA）治疗和开腹射频（IRFA）治疗,并对结果进行比较。结果：PRFA治疗18例病人共32个肿瘤结节,IRFA治疗23例病人共43个结节,PRFA和IRFA并发症率分别为33．3％和4．3％（P＜0．05）,随访平均10个月,PRFA组7个病灶复发（4个病人）,复发率21．9％（7／32）,而IRFA组仅1个结节复发,复发率2．3％（1／43,P＜0．025）,结论：RFA治疗肝癌途径的选用应根据病应位置,结节的大小和肝硬化程度等综合考虑而定,IRFA并发症少,治疗彻底,效果优于PRFA。     

腹腔镜射频消融治疗肝癌体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜下射频消融(LRFA)治疗肝癌的效果。方法〓回顾性分析2010年10月~2013年12月,采用LRFA方法治疗各类肝癌26例,肿瘤位于肝脏Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ段或膈顶以及邻近胆囊胃肠等空腔脏器部位,直径2.2~11.0 cm,单病灶18例,多病灶8例,共39个病灶。肝功能Child A或B级。结果〓26例均顺利完成LRFA治疗,消融时间12~112 min,平均48 min;术后出现腹水2例,胸腔积液1例,无肝衰竭、出血、胆道损伤等并发症。术后1个月B超、CT扫描检查,17例肿瘤不同程度坏死,4例部分液化,5例发现多发病灶及门静脉癌栓消融无效。结论〓LRFA易于操作,并发症少,对特殊部位的肝癌是一种可选择的治疗手段。     

Long-term outcomes after hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation for initially unresectable multiple and bilobar liver malignancies

Background

Hepatic resection (HRE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) offers a surgical option to a group of patients with multiple and bilobar liver malignancies who are traditionally unresectable for inadequate functional hepatic reserve. The aims of the present study were to assess the perioperative outcomes, recurrence, and long-term survival rates for patients treated with HRE plus RFA in the management of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic liver cancer (MLC).

Methods

Data from all consecutive patients with primary and secondary hepatic malignancies who were treated with HRE combined with RFA between 2007 and 2013 were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed.

Results

A total of 112 patients, with 368 hepatic tumors underwent HRE combined with ultrasound-guided RFA, were included in the present study. There were 40 cases of HCC with 117 tumors and 72 cases of MLC with 251 metastases. Most cases of liver metastases originated from the gastrointestinal tract (44, 61.1%). Other uncommon lesions included breast cancer (5, 6.9%), pancreatic cancer (3, 4.2%), lung cancer (4, 5.6%), cholangiocarcinoma (4, 5.6%), and so on. The ablation success rates were 93.3% for HCC and 96.7% for MLC. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-y overall recurrence rates were 52.5%, 59.5%, 72.3%, 75%, and 80% for the HCC group and 44.4%, 52.7%, 56.1%, 69.4%, and 77.8% for the MLC group, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-y overall survival rates for the HCC patients were 67.5%, 50%, 32.5%, 22.5%, and 12.5% and for the MLC patients were 66.5%, 55.5%, 50%, 30.5%, and 19.4%, respectively. The corresponding recurrence-free survival rates for the HCC patients were 52.5%, 35%, 22.5%, 15%, and 10% and for the MLC patients were 58.3%, 41.6%, 23.6%, 16.9%, and 12.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

HRE combined with RFA provides an effective treatment approach for patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies who are initially unsuitable for radical resection, with high local tumor control rates and promising survival data.     

集束电极射频毁损术治疗不能切除的大肝癌

目的探讨集束电极射频毁损术治疗不能切除的原发性大肝癌的临床价值.方法 B超引导经皮穿刺38例,术中穿刺5例.治疗后复查发现肿瘤残存或复发者可重复治疗. 结果 43例(肿瘤直径平均7.3 cm),行射频毁损术治疗62次,平均每次6点.术前AFP>400 μg/L者56.3%(18/32)治疗后降至正常.术后CT检查76.7%(33/43)肿瘤完全毁损.常见的并发症有发热、疼痛、肝功能受损,无严重并发症或与操作相关的死亡.1年存活79.3%(23/29). 结论集束电极射频毁损术治疗不能切除的大肝癌,可使大范围的肿瘤发生热坏死,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,为无法切除的大肝癌开辟了一条新的治疗途径.