脑室内注射BDNF抗体对大鼠海马NOS表达的影响

探讨脑室内注射脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)抗体阻断内源性BDNF对大鼠海马一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)阳性神经元的影响。脑室内注射BDNF抗体一周后 ,采用Morris水迷宫进行行为检测 ;并用NADPH 黄递酶组化染色方法观察海马NOS阳性神经元数目的变化。与对照组相比 ,实验组大鼠空间学习和记忆能力明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ;实验组大鼠海马CA1区NOS阳性神经元数目 (38 37± 5 2 3)明显少于对照组 (4 9 5 3± 5 74 ) (P <0 0 1) ;实验组DG区NOS阳性神经元数目 (4 8 77± 5 5 1)明显少于对照组 (6 0 4 0± 7 39) (P <0 0 1)。脑室内注射BDNF抗体可导致大鼠空间学习记忆能力下降 ,海马NOS阳性神经元数目减少 ,提示BDNF对学习和记忆的影响可能与海马NOS阳性神经元数目的变化有关     

脑室注射BDNF对抑郁症大鼠海马神经元前体细胞微管相关蛋白Doublecortin表达的影响

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(brain-drived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)对抑郁症大鼠海马神经元前体细胞微管相关蛋白Doublecortin(DCX)表达的影响,为BDNF如何影响神经元前体细胞的增殖、迁移提供实验依据.方法 成功建立抑郁症大鼠模型后,向脑室注射0.5 μg BDNF,取脑组织行冰冻切片.采用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术观察DCX阳性细胞表达情况及表达部位.结果 相对于未注射BDNF的抑郁症大鼠,注射组大鼠海马区域DCX阳性细胞数明显增多,且与未注射组存在明显差异(P＜0.05).结论 BDNF可能通过调控抑郁症大鼠海马神经元前体细胞微管相关蛋白DCX的表达,从而影响抑郁症时神经元前体细胞的分化和迁移.     

BDNF对慢性应激性大鼠海马神经元损伤的保护作用

目的研究脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对大鼠海马神经元的保护作用。方法40只成年Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、应激组、BDNF低剂量组和高剂量组,每组10只。用电击足底结合噪声建立慢性应激大鼠模型,Morris水迷宫观察动物的空间学习和记忆能力,Nissl染色观察和计数海马神经元数量,Fara-2荧光法测海马突触体内游离钙浓度。结果在双海马注射BDNF后,对于因慢性应激引起的空间学习和记忆能力下降,海马神经元数量减少,海马突触体内游离钙浓度增高有明显保护作用。结论BDNF对应激海马损伤有保护作用,其机制可能是通过调节海马细胞内的钙浓度,防止海马神经细胞丢失有关。     

槲皮素治疗联合运动训练对脑卒中后大鼠抑郁样行为影响的研究

目的:探讨槲皮素治疗联合运动训练对脑卒中模型大鼠抑郁样行为的治疗作用。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham)、卒中抑郁组(PSD)、槲皮素组(QUE)、运动组(EXE)和槲皮素+运动组(QUE+EXE)。通过大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)技术制备大鼠卒中后抑郁模型。通过悬尾实验(TST)和糖水偏爱实验(SPT)来评估各组大鼠抑郁样行为;利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组大鼠血清和前额叶皮质中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-a)和白细胞介素1-β(IL-1β)的含量;利用Western Blot检测各组大鼠前额叶皮质中脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)、原肌球蛋白受体激酶B (Trk-B)、糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)的表达。结果:行为学检测结果显示PSD组大鼠不动的时间显著增加(P<0.05),同时糖水摄入量及糖水偏爱百分比均显著下降(P<0.05),而槲皮素和运动训练均逆转了这些行为(P<0.05)。ELISA检测显示PSD组大鼠血清及前额叶皮质中TNF-α和IL-1β表达升高(P<0.05),而槲皮素和运动训练均不...     

葛根素对血管性痴呆大鼠海马锥体细胞和BDNF表达的影响

为了观察葛根素对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠海马锥体细胞和BDNF表达的影响及其作用机制,本研究采用双侧颈总动脉缺血再灌注,同时腹腔注射硝普钠建立血管性痴呆大鼠模型,选出造模成功者随机分为模型组及葛根素干预组,各为24只,另以条件匹配的24只大鼠为假手术组。分别在造模术后15d,1、2和4个月等时间点,采用水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,HE染色和免疫组化染色观察大鼠海马神经元的形态学改变及BDNF表达的变化。结果显示:(1)模型组大鼠的逃逸潜伏期(EL)均明显长于假手术组(P<0.01),葛根素干预组大鼠的EL较模型组明显缩短(P<0.05),但仍长于假手术组(P<0.05);(2)模型组大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞数比假手术组明显减少(P<0.01),葛根素干预组2个月和4个月时点锥体细胞数较模型组明显增多(P<0.01),但仍少于假手术组(P<0.01);(3)模型组大鼠海马BDNF阳性细胞明显减少(P<0.01),除15d和1个月组DG区外,葛根素干预组大鼠海马BDNF阳性细胞数较模型组明显增多(P<0.05),但仍低于假手术组(P<0.05);(4)模型组大鼠海马BDNF阳性细胞平均吸光度值较假手术组明显降低(P<0.01),而葛根素干预组比模型组和假手术组均明显降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果提示,脑缺血再灌注后,海马BDNF阳性神经元和锥体细胞持续减少,在VD学习记忆障碍的发生和发展过程中起重要作用;葛根素对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与葛根素上调BDNF的表达、减少锥体细胞的丢失有关。     

脑室内注射重组BDNF腺病毒对大鼠海马神经发生的影响

目的 观察脑室内注射BDNF对海马神经发生的影响.方法 脑室内注射重组BDNF腺病毒4周后,Morris 水迷宫进行行为学检测,双标组化染色方法观察海马新生神经元数目的 变化.结果 与对照组相比,实验组大鼠空间学习和记忆能力明显增强(P<0.05);实验组大鼠海马DG区Brdu/DCX阳性神经元数目明显多于对照组(P<...     

不同负重游泳训练对大鼠肾上腺BDNF和trkB表达的影响

目的 探讨不同负重游泳训练对肾上腺BDNF及受体TrkB表达的影响.方法 成年SD大鼠分三组即轻负重组(体重的1％),中负重组(3％)和中负重组(5％).用水槽进行游泳训练.最后用水迷宫记录大鼠游泳轨迹,测定游泳速度,同时用RT-PCR检测肾上腺BDNF及TrkB水平.结果 中负重组游泳速度较其它两组有加快,肾上腺BDNF表达没有发生改变,而TrkB在中负重组已明显下调,与其它两组比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 负重游泳后中度负重导致肾上腺TrkB表达下调,但对BDNF表达没有明显影响.     

MK-801对皮质酮诱导 抑郁样行为大鼠海马mBDNF和proBDNF表达的影响

目的 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂通过脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)发挥抗抑郁作用.然而,NMDA受体拮抗剂调控BDNF表达的机制尚不清楚.方法 口服皮质酮(CORT)诱导大鼠抑郁样行为.采用高架十字迷宫实验、蔗糖偏好实验、旷场实验和强迫游泳实验观察动物的抑郁样行为,采用蛋白免疫印迹方法检测动物背侧和腹...     

Effect of exercise training on aortic collagen content in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

Summary We investigated the effects of exercise training on the amount of aortic collagen and systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Ten-week old SHR were trained either by forced treadmill running (26.8 m·min^–1 h·day^–1, five times a week, 0% incline) or by voluntary running in revolving wheels (7,800 m·day^–1 at peak) for 8 weeks. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity measured as a marker of an endurance training effect was 13% higher (P<0.01) in the soleus of forced-exercised animals than in that of sedentary ones. (6.56±0.17 mol·g^–1·min^–1; mean ± SEM), whereas SDH activity in that of voluntarily-exercised group was found to be at the same level as in sedentary animals. The systolic blood pressure after training increased by 26.4 in sedentary, 21.1 in voluntarily-exercised, and 33.9 mm Hg in forced-exercised rats, when compared with the value of each group at the beginning of the training programm. A significant difference was observed in the increment of blood pressure only between the voluntarily- and forced-exercised groups (P<0.05). The amount of aortic collagen in voluntarily-trained rats (96.5±2.0 mg·g tissue^–1, 39.8±0.7 mg·100 mg protein^–1) was significantly less than that in forced-trained rats (P<0.05). These results suggest that voluntary, mild exercise training may be more effective in the reduction of collagen accumulation in the aorta associated with the suppression of blood pressure increase than forced, vigorous exercise training in SHR.     

Effect of exercise training on Ca2+ release units of left ventricular myocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats

In cardiomyocytes, calcium (Ca²⁺) release units comprise clusters of intracellular Ca²⁺ release channels located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and hypertension is well established as a cause of defects in calcium release unit function. Our objective was to determine whether endurance exercise training could attenuate the deleterious effects of hypertension on calcium release unit components and Ca²⁺ sparks in left ventricular myocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (4 months of age) were divided into 4 groups: normotensive (NC) and hypertensive control (HC), and normotensive (NT) and hypertensive trained (HT) animals (7 rats per group). NC and HC rats were submitted to a low-intensity treadmill running protocol (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 0% grade, and 50-60% of maximal running speed) for 8 weeks. Gene expression of the ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and FK506 binding protein (FKBP12.6) increased (270%) and decreased (88%), respectively, in HC compared to NC rats. Endurance exercise training reversed these changes by reducing RyR2 (230%) and normalizing FKBP12.6 gene expression (112%). Hypertension also increased the frequency of Ca²⁺ sparks (HC=7.61±0.26 vs NC=4.79±0.19 per 100 µm/s) and decreased its amplitude (HC=0.260±0.08 vs NC=0.324±0.10 ΔF/F₀), full width at half-maximum amplitude (HC=1.05±0.08 vs NC=1.26±0.01 µm), total duration (HC=11.51±0.12 vs NC=14.97±0.24 ms), time to peak (HC=4.84±0.06 vs NC=6.31±0.14 ms), and time constant of decay (HC=8.68±0.12 vs NC=10.21±0.22 ms). These changes were partially reversed in HT rats (frequency of Ca²⁺ sparks=6.26±0.19 µm/s, amplitude=0.282±0.10 ΔF/F₀, full width at half-maximum amplitude=1.14±0.01 µm, total duration=13.34±0.17 ms, time to peak=5.43±0.08 ms, and time constant of decay=9.43±0.15 ms). Endurance exercise training attenuated the deleterious effects of hypertension on calcium release units of left ventricular myocytes.     

Effects of acute exercise and prolonged exercise training on blood pressure,vasopressin and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training on systolic blood pressure (BP_s), plasma and brain vasopressin (AVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during rest and after exercise. Resting and postexercise heart rate, as well as blood parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), plasma sodium and potassium concentrations ([Na⁺], [K⁺]) osmolality and proteins were also studied. Hypophyseal AVP had reduced significantly after exercise in the SHR, whereas PRA had increased significantly in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain used as normotensive controls. Plasma AVP concentration increased in both strains. By the end of the experiment, training had reduced body mass and BP_s by only 10% and 6%, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake was increased 10% and plasma osmolality 2% by training. The postexercise elevation of heart rate was not significantly attenuated by training. A statistically significant reduction in postexercise plasma osmolality (10%) and [Na⁺] (4%) was observed. These results suggested that swimming training reduced BPS. Plasma and brain AVP played a small role in the hypertensive process of SHR in basal conditions because changes in AVP contents did not correlate with those of BP_s. Moreover, there were no differences between SHR and WKY in plasma, hypophyseal and hypothalamic AVP content in these basal conditions. Finally, during moderate exercise a haemodilution probably occurred with an increase of plasma protein content. This was confirmed by the exercise-induced increase of plasma AVP and the reduction of hypophyseal AVP content, suggesting a release of this hormone, which probably contributed to the water retention and haemodilution. This investigation showed that swimming training produced an attenuation of the raised resting blood pressure in this strain and that plasma and brain AVP played a negligible role in the maintenance of hypertension in basal conditions. However, during training, this hormone may have played a role, training having induced simultaneously a decrease in BP_s and plasma AVP.     

阿托伐他汀影响自发性高血压大鼠血压的机制探讨

目的：探讨阿托伐他汀控制自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）高血压的机制，研究阿托伐他汀对SHR血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）和主动脉一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的影响，以及对SHR的主动脉平滑肌细胞（ASMC）凋亡和P27蛋白表达的影响。 方法： 选用8周龄SHR 12只，随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组（ATV组, n=6）和SHR组（n=6），并以同周龄WKY（n=6）作为对照。ATV组给以阿托伐他汀（50 mg·kg-1·d-1）灌胃。10周后观察3组大鼠血压、血清总胆固醇（TC）、总甘油三酯（TG）含量变化，血浆ET-1和主动脉NOS活性的改变，以及TUNEL法检测ASMC凋亡率，测定动脉ASMC P27蛋白表达。 结果： 阿托伐他汀给药10周后，ATV组动脉收缩压显著低于SHR组［（134.17±3.60）mmHg vs （173.33±3.78）mmHg, P<0.01］；ATV组血清TC和TG浓度均显著低于SHR组（P<0.01, P<0.01）。同时，阿托伐他汀显著降低SHR血浆ET-1水平［（130.04±40.07）ng/L vs （196.74±59.69）ng/L，P<0.05］和增加SHR主动脉NOS活性［(0.189±0.040）kU/g protein vs （0.124±0.057）kU/g protein，P<0.01］；ATV组ASMC凋亡率显著高于SHR组（16.94%±3.08% vs 9.01%±2.36%, P<0.01）；ATV组ASMC P27蛋白表达阳性率显著高于WKY大鼠（33.02%±5.01% vs 24.25%±4.41%, P<0.05），而SHR组该指标明显低于WKY大鼠（16.08%±7.09% vs 24.25%±4.41%, P<0.05）。 结论： 阿托伐他汀控制SHR血压增高，其机制可能与降低SHR的血浆ET-1水平和增高主动脉NOS活性，以及增高ASMC凋亡率和P27蛋白表达阳性率有关。     

Effects of voluntary physical exercise on cardiac function and energetics in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The influence of voluntary physical exercise in running wheels on myocardial function, cardiac oxygen utilization and cardiovascular response to emotional stress was analysed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. After 6 weeks of exercise, a significant increase in resting cardiac output was found, which was due to an elevation of stroke volume. However, voluntary training for 12 weeks had no effect on resting blood pressure or on the blood-pressure response to mental stress. Cardiac function was also examined in vitro. At a low aortic diastolic pressure, it was markedly augmented in trained spontaneously hypertensive rats. At high aortic diastolic pressure, maximal cardiac function was similar in the two groups. Myocardial oxygen consumption (mumol min-1 g-1) for a given level of external work was reduced in trained, compared with non-exercised control spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chronic physical exercise thus greatly improved myocardial function at a subnormal perfusion pressure, suggesting better nutritional supply to the myocardium, probably created by an increased capillary surface area.     

葛根素对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及其机制

 目的：观察葛根素对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌局部血管紧张素II (Ang II)、巨噬细胞及心肌组织形态学的影响,探讨其保护心肌的可能机制。方法：35只12周龄SHR随机分为葛根素高、中、低剂量组（100 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、25 mg/kg,腹腔注射）、卡托普利组（30 mg/kg灌胃）和SHR对照组（生理盐水腹腔注射）。另设WKY空白对照组（生理盐水腹腔注射）。每组7只,给药6周。给药6周后麻醉下迅速处死取出心脏,称量左心室湿重后,备做Masson染色、组织匀浆和RT-PCR。结果：与WKY大鼠相比,SHR左室质量指数增高（P<0.01）,心肌组织Ang II含量上升（P<0.01）,单核细胞趋化蛋白1 （MCP-1）和蛋白酶激活受体2（PAR2） mRNA表达增加（P<0.01）,巨噬细胞浸润明显（P<0.01）,间质纤维化严重（P<0.01）。高剂量葛根素和卡托普利明显降低左室质量指数（P<0.01）,降低心肌Ang II含量（P<0.01）,下调MCP-1和PAR2 mRNA表达（P<0.01）,减少巨噬细胞浸润（P<0.01或P<0.05）,减轻心肌间质纤维化（P<0.01）。结论:葛根素具有治疗自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化作用,其机制可能与降低心肌局部Ang II含量、下调MCP-1和PAR-2 mRNA表达及减少巨噬细胞浸润有关。     

阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠HMG-CoA还原酶表达的影响

 目的：评价阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）HMG-CoA还原酶表达的影响。 方法：12只8周龄的SHR随机分为蒸馏水饲养组（SHR_DW组，n＝6）与阿托伐他汀治疗组（SHR_ATV组，n＝6），并以6只同周龄的正常血压大鼠（WKY）作为对照（WKY组，n＝6）。采用RT-PCR与Western blotting法分别检测HMG-CoA还原酶的mRNA及蛋白表达。同时检测血压与血脂。 结果：给药10周后，SHR_ATV组收缩压显著低于治疗前及SHR_DW组（P<0.05），其血清TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C的水平与SHR_DW组及WKY组相比，也明显降低（P<0.05）；SHR_ATV组HMG-CoA还原酶mRNA的表达水平在给药10周后显著低于WKY组及SHR_DW组（P<0.05），其蛋白表达水平同样出现类似的结果。 结论：阿托伐他汀能够下调HMG-CoA还原酶的mRNA及蛋白表达水平，不仅使SHR的血脂降低，在某种程度上，还可能与其血压的下降有关。     

葛根素对自发性高血压大鼠肠系膜动脉舒张功能的影响

目的　探究葛根素对自发性高血压大鼠肠系膜动脉舒张功能的影响。 方法　20只自发性高血压大鼠随机分为5组：高血压组,卡托普利组,葛根素低、中、高剂量组,每组4只,另外4只WKY作为正常对照组。于给药前、给药8周后测量体重和血压,检测血清中NO和血浆中ET-1含量,分离肠系膜三级动脉做HE染色并计算管壁厚度/管腔半径（WT/LR）。利用离体血管压力直径测定仪检测葛根素对内皮完整和去内皮动脉环的舒张效应,并观察内皮依赖性途径阻滞剂和非内皮依赖性途径阻滞剂孵育后,葛根素对动脉环舒张作用的影响。 结果　与高血压组相比,葛根素低、中、高剂量组的收缩压差值和舒张压差值均降低。葛根素高剂量组血清NO含量下降、血浆ET-1含量升高。葛根素中、高剂量组肠系膜三级动脉WT/LR均下降。葛根素对内皮完整和去内皮的动脉环均有浓度依赖性舒张作用,但内皮完整动脉环舒张作用更强。内皮依赖性通路阻滞剂和非内皮依赖性通路阻滞剂孵育后,葛根素的舒张效应均下降。 结论　葛根素对自发性高血压大鼠肠系膜动脉的舒张效应同时具备内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性。其内皮依赖性途径通过NO-sGC-cGMP信号通路途径来实现的,同时也与促进前列腺类物质释放有关。葛根素非内皮依赖性途径可能是与血管平滑肌上K+通道开放有关。