棘突椎板截骨回植椎管潜行扩大减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨棘突椎板截骨回植椎管潜行扩大减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法 2007年1月至2010年1月对28例腰椎管狭窄症患者,采用经棘突椎板截骨将椎管后部结构整块取下,潜行扩大椎管,处理完椎管内病变后再将后部结构原位回植固定。术前术后进行影像学观察及JOA疗效评分对比。结果 28例均获得随访,CT显示椎管矢状径术前平均为(13.5±2.5)mm,术后平均为(16.8±2.6)mm。JOA评分术前平均为(5.8±1.5)分,末次随访时平均为(23.2±2.0)分。术后6～14个月复查CT示椎板原位融和率为100%,未发现腰椎不稳和椎管再狭窄。结论棘突椎板截骨回植椎管潜行扩大减压术具有椎管显露充分、椎管后部结构完整保留、脊柱稳定性好、瘢痕黏连压迫硬脊膜及神经根发生率低等优点,是治疗腰椎管狭窄症一种行之有效的方法。     

棘突椎板截骨回植在腰椎手术中的应用

目的：探讨腰椎后路手术中棘突椎板截骨回植的方法及疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院骨科自2000年11月至2004年7月收治的腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎管狭窄症患者中123例接受了腰椎棘突椎板截骨回植术患者的临床资料及治疗效果。结果：107例获得2个月～3年8个月随访（平均16．5个月），复查CT示回植骨块完全愈合，椎管得到扩大，骨愈合率达100％。无腰椎不稳及继发性腰椎管狭窄等并发症发生。结论：腰椎后路手术中，将截下的棘突椎板以不同方式回植，重建腰椎后部结构的完整性及稳定性，可以防止术后腰椎不稳及医源性腰椎管狭窄等并发症的发生。     

微型钛板腰椎管成形术在腰椎管狭窄症的应用

目的 探讨采用微型钛板腰椎管成形术在治疗腰椎管疾病应用中的安全性及有效性。方法2000年6月～2004年9月，收治腰椎管狭窄症患者18例，男10例，女8例，年龄28～56岁。病程3个月～3年。其中发育性腰椎管狭窄11例，退变性腰椎管狭窄7例。均伴腰椎间盘突出：L5、S1 6例，L4,5,9例，L3,4 2例，L3～5 1例；伴侧隐窝狭窄13例。应用微型钛板腰椎管成形术治疗，半侧椎板回植3例，全椎板回植14例，2个节段椎板回植1例。结果患者术后获随访3个月～4年3个月，平均1年8个月。术后症状缓解，无并发症发生，3～9个月后骨性融合。CT随访示无回植椎板移入椎管或移位倾向，无截骨前缘过度增生对硬脊膜产生新的压迫等，无明显椎间退变及椎间不稳；椎管矢状径扩大1．8～5．6mm，平均3．2mm；横径扩大1．3～4．4mm，平均1．8mm，症状无复发。结论微型钛板腰椎管成形术在腰椎管狭窄手术应用中安全可靠、疗效好，椎管扩大明显，椎板重建可靠，恢复了局部解剖和维持脊柱稳定。     

重建椎管后部结构治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的 介绍一种应用劈开截骨，以黄韧带为轴保留棘突、椎板和外层黄韧带行椎板回植，重建完整椎管后部结构和硬膜外腔的椎管重建术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的后路手术技术，并评价效果。方法 2001年10月～2003年4月，应用椎管重建术治疗腰椎管狭窄症39例，男19例，女20例。年龄36～77岁，平均49．6岁。病变椎体为L3、4～L5S15例，L4、5～L5S418例，L4、511例，L5S15例；病程3个月～16年，平均40．3个月。术中纵行劈开棘突，将上位椎板的下1／2梯形截断后，连同黄韧带浅层向尾侧翻开，切除深层黄韧带、两侧侧隐窝椎板的内层和增生的关节突，椎管扩大后，原位缝合截开的椎板。术后1周、3个月及1年行CT检查，并于术后1年进行疗效评定。结果 39例术后均获18～36个月随访。术后1周CT示椎管及神经根管扩大满意，术后3个月复查CT示87．2％（34／39）椎板和棘突已达骨性融合，术后1年CT示所有患者椎板原位固定融合，黄韧带愈合，无再狭窄。按标准量化评分，术后疗效评定优良率为92.3％（36／39）。结论 此术式保留了棘突、棘间韧带、椎板和黄韧带的连续性，重建完整的硬膜外腔和椎管的后部结构，阻挡了肌肉与神经组织的瘢痕粘连。截骨范围小、保留血液供给、固定方法简便、术后骨愈合时间短及腰椎稳定。     

卷帘式腰椎管成形术治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨与总结采用卷帘式椎管成形术治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效及优越性。方法自2004年5月至2009年12月,对22例老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者采用保留椎板棘突韧带复合结构椎管减压的卷帘式腰椎管成形术治疗。结果本组病人均获随访,时间3个月～5年,无症状复发,无腰椎不稳,取得良好的临床疗效。14例患者在术后2～3个月CT扫描可看到满意的骨痂生长,未见回植椎板移入椎管或有移入倾向,未见截骨前缘过度增生对硬膜产生新的压迫等。结论卷帘式腰椎管成形术安全、可靠、疗效好,具有避免椎管内黏连与瘢痕压迫,恢复局部解剖和维持脊柱稳定的特点。既可对腰椎管狭窄进行减压,又可减少对腰椎稳定性的损害。     

棘突椎板回植内固定术重建腰椎后柱结构的早期临床研究

目的总结棘突椎板原位回植内固定术在重建腰椎后柱结构中的应用价值及早期临床疗效。方法 2008年1月-2010年8月,对28例行腰椎后路棘突椎板完整截骨手术的患者,采用原位回植联合钢板螺钉内固定方法重建腰椎后柱结构。其中男18例,女10例;年龄4～41岁,中位年龄13岁。腰椎管内占位性病变5例,痉挛性脑瘫23例。术中采用微型钛板内固定24例,椎板交叉螺钉内固定4例;行单个棘突椎板回植13例,2个棘突椎板回植12例,3个棘突椎板回植2例,4个棘突椎板回植1例。结果术后出现脑脊液漏3例,其中合并低颅压性头痛2例,均经对症治疗后治愈。所有切口均Ⅰ期愈合。28例均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均18.3个月。术后3个月复查动力位X线片未见腰椎失稳表现;CT示所有患者椎板均骨性融合,椎管形态恢复正常,未见椎板移位、椎管狭窄及硬膜囊受压,未见瘢痕及骨痂长入椎管内,无继发神经受压表现。结论棘突椎板回植内固定术可重建腰椎后柱结构,固定可靠,能有效预防术后椎管内瘢痕粘连和脊柱失稳等并发症。     

腰椎板截骨再植术患者的护理

腰椎板截骨再植术是治疗腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症的一种椎管扩大成形术,我科1998年2月至2000年2月对92例患者实行腰椎板截骨再植术,效果满意。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料92例中男64例、女28例,年龄23～56岁,平均39.0岁。病程4个月至3年。92例均有不同程度腰痛和放射性下肢痛,直腿抬高试验均阳性。其中间歇性跛行46例,单侧下肢麻木、冷感36例,伴会阴部麻木10例。经CT扫描确诊为单纯腰椎间盘突出症39例;椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄症32例,并神经根管狭窄5例;椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄并假性滑椎8例;单纯腰椎管狭窄症4例;椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄及后纵…     

同种异体骨钉在椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的研究同种异体骨钉在腰椎管扩大术中的应用，探讨棘突椎板复合体回植的方式部位。方法严重腰椎管狭窄症患者20例，行全椎板切除椎管减压术后，把棘突椎板复合体翻转90°横架于椎板峡部，上缘与上关节突及上位椎体下关节突下缘（腰椎小关节下缘处）紧密接触，用1根或2根同种异体骨钉固定，进行临床观察和CT测量。结果20例均获得随访1～5年，11例术后12～24个月做CT复查，有10例达到良好的骨性愈合，1例纤维连接，全部椎管直径较术前扩大50％以上，未见骨块移位及硬膜出现新的压迫，无腰椎不稳，临床效果满意。结论把棘突椎板复合体回植于椎板峡部，用同种异体骨钉固定的椎管扩大成形术，椎管接近术前解剖结构很好地重建脊柱稳定性，减少了硬脊膜黏连，避免了腰椎不稳，使骨块提早愈合。     

单纯性腰椎管狭窄症手术方法比较

目的 比较单纯性腰椎管狭窄症的手术方法，并介绍棘突截骨椎管成形术的临床应用。方法 对48例单纯性腰椎管狭窄症患者分组进行椎板切除术，椎板开窗术和棘突截骨椎管成形术，术后进行Oswestry疗效评分和影像学观察。结果 术后1年疗效优良率椎板切除组为81.9%，椎板开窗组为79.7%，椎管成形组为82.1%，疗效优良率各组无显著差别，术后4年疗效优良率椎板切除组为74.3%，椎板开窗组为78.2%。椎管成形组为80.4%。术后4年椎板切除组疗效下降显著，椎板开窗组和椎管成形组疗效下降不显著，术后1年所有患者X线检查未显示腰椎不稳定，术后4年X线显示有5名患者腰椎不稳定或退行性滑脱，其中椎板切除组3例，椎板开窗组和椎管成形组各1例。结论 椎板切除术，椎板开窗术，椎管成形术治疗单纯性腰椎管狭窄，3组术后近期疗效均满意，术后中期评估表明椎管成形术和椎板开窗术优于椎板切除术，后者腰椎不稳定和交界处再狭窄发生率较高。     

椎板截骨原位再植术式临床应用的远期效果

目的观察腰椎板截骨后原位再植术式应用于治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期效果。方法通过对采用腰椎截骨后再植术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症,术后5年以上24例病人临床疗效的信访和12例病人的回访,通过临床疗效、X线、CT检查观察腰椎板截骨再植后骨愈合的情况。结果临床疗效:优28例,良6例,可2例。截骨再植愈合情况:愈合10例,未愈合2例。结论腰椎椎板截骨后原位再植作为一种治疗腰椎的方法,从临床疗效、植骨愈合和恢复脊柱正常序列结构上都是一个良好的术式。     

关节突旁节段性开窗治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 为使脊柱后部结构得到较大程度保留,又达到减压目的,作者用关节突旁节段性开窗治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者２６例。方法 于确定的狭窄节段一侧或二侧,切除关节突的内侧半。肥厚的黄韧带及邻近部分椎板。清除所有导致神经受压的因素。但保留棘突,棘间韧带、大部分关节突及椎板。结果 ２３例获得６月至６年９个月随访（平均２年３个月）。手术优良率达９１．３％。无一例加重和发生椎体滑脱。结论 对于治疗以侧隐窝狭窄为     

腰椎后路手术致脑脊液漏的病因分析及其处理

目的总结分析腰椎后路手术脑脊液漏（cerebrospinal fluid leakage,CSFL）的病因及治疗效果。方法41例行腰椎后路手术者发生CSFL。其中,腰椎间盘突出症行经腰椎后路椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）2例,腰椎管狭窄症行椎管减压术18例,腰椎滑脱行椎板减压复位椎弓根螺钉内固定＋PLIF术5例,腰椎黄韧带骨化行椎板减压术3例,腰椎管内占位行病变摘除术7例,腰椎术后翻修术6例。术中发现39例,术后发现2例。采用术中修补、纤维蛋白胶封堵,放置常压引流及术后仰卧位压迫方法治疗。结果术后平均3.2（2-6）d内CSFL停止,均按期切口拆线,无一例发生切口及深部感染。平均随访12（6-24）个月,均无迟发性感染及其他并发症发生。结论CSFL重在预防,强调早期发现,确切有效的修补技术是治疗的关键,仰卧体位压迫加短期常压引流是治疗早期CSFL的简单有效的方法。     

椎管扩大成形治疗腰椎管狭窄症长期疗效观察

目的 :介绍一种椎板减压后椎板棘突复合体翻转 90°回植椎管成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的方法 ,评价其在治疗腰椎管狭窄症中的应用效果。方法 :对 33例腰椎管狭窄症患者采用全椎板复合体切取后 ,翻转 90°回植重建椎管后壁的方法进行治疗 ,分别于术前、术后 1年及术后 5年进行下腰痛JOA评分及影像学检查。结果 :33例患者均获得随访 ,术后 3个月复查CT示 :椎管成形术后 ,椎管扩大显著 ,大部分椎板棘突复合体已与周围骨质完全融合固定 (88% )。术后 1年时下腰痛评分较术前有显著性差异 ,术后 5年评分与术后 1年无显著性差异。结论 :椎板棘突复合体回植椎管成形术有利于脊柱稳定性的重建 ,减少硬脊膜疤痕粘连的机会 ,椎管扩大明显 ,长期疗效肯定 ,值得临床推广使用。     

Unrecognized durotomy after lumbar discectomy: a report of four cases associated with the use of ADCON-L

STUDY DESIGN: This report describes four cases of symptomatic cerebral spinal fluid leak after lumbar microdiscectomy where ADCON-L was used. OBJECTIVES: To report that ADCON-L may exacerbate cerebral spinal fluid leak from unrecognized, small dural tears after lumbar discectomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: ADCON-L is a porcine-derived polyglycan that is used with increasing frequency in spinal surgery. It is advocated to reduce postoperative peridural fibrosis and adhesions. METHODS: Four cases of symptomatic cerebral spinal fluid leak after lumbar microdiscectomy were identified. Information on these patients was obtained by chart review. RESULTS: Three patients had small, inadvertent durotomies that were not appreciated at surgery even with the aid of a microscope. The dural violation in the fourth patient occurred at the previous epidural steroid injection site located on the contralateral side of the laminotomy. CONCLUSION: ADCON-L may inhibit dural healing and exacerbate cerebral spinal fluid leak from microscopic durotomies not recognized at the time of surgery.     

En bloc laminoplasty performed with threadwire saw

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for a simple, nonexpansive laminoplasty that can be performed with a threadwire saw (T-saw) after en bloc laminotomy has been performed. The method can be applied along the entire spinal region, including the thoracic and lumbar spine. METHODS: An en bloc laminotomy of trapezoid shape at the cross section is performed bilaterally at the junctional area of the lamina and facet joint with a thin, flexible T-saw, while preserving the supraspinous, interspinous, and interlaminar ligaments. After the intradural procedure has been performed, the laminar flap is replaced in its original site and fixed with 1-0 nylon sutures, resulting in the complete reconstruction of the posterior supporting elements of the spinal column. RESULTS: En bloc laminoplasty was performed on 16 patients via a T-saw; most of the patients had intradural spinal tumors. The patients did not need their spinal canals to be enlarged after the intradural procedure had been performed. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 40 months (mean +/- standard error, 22.6 +/- 3.4 mo). The laminoplasty was performed from the upper cervical to the sacral regions, although the most frequently operated level was the lower thoracic level. Two-level laminoplasty was performed in 12 patients, and three-level laminoplasty was performed in four. The laminoplasty was done safely and without any complications, except in one patient, who experienced thoracic root injury from a T-saw that was accidentally inserted anterior to the roots. No spinal column deformity or sinking of the replaced laminar flap was noted during the follow-up period; patients were assessed at follow-up via radiographs or computed tomographic scans. Computed tomographic scans obtained later indicated that bony fusion occurred at the cutting edges 1.0 to 4.0 months after surgery (mean, 1.90 +/- 0.34 mo). CONCLUSION: Simple en bloc laminoplasty performed with a T-saw is a useful, safe procedure that can be used to reconstruct the posterior spinal elements throughout the whole spinal region after the intradural procedure has been performed.     

椎管扩大成形术加椎板原位回植治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨椎管扩大成形术椎板原位回植治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法对41例老年性腰椎管狭窄患者行椎管扩大成形术加椎板原位回植术。结果41例均获随访,时间3~15个月。依据JOA下腰痛评分标准,治愈9例,显效25例,有效6例,无效1例。结论该术式可基本保证椎管的解剖结构以维持其稳定性,并可有效扩大椎管容积、防止术后瘢痕增生压迫硬膜。     

Recapping T-saw laminoplasty for spinal cord tumors.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of patients whose spinal cord tumors were managed surgically with a unique posterior method of removing and replacing the posterior spinal elements using T-saw ("recapping T-saw laminoplasty"). OBJECTIVES: To examine the safety and efficacy of the recapping T-saw laminoplasty technique for spinal canal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Laminectomy, laminoplasty, and/or laminotomy typically are used to approach intraspinal lesions. When removal and replacement of the posterior elements have been attempted, the effectiveness of the technique has been limited by the amount of bone sacrificed when using burrs or osteotomes. The authors thought to adapt a unique "threadwire saw" (T-saw) in these cases, because its use results in minimal bone loss. METHODS: Patients underwent recapping T-saw laminoplasty in the thoracic or lumbar spine for extirpation of spinal cord tumors. The T-saw was used for division of the posterior elements. After resection of the lesion, the excised laminae were replaced exactly in situ to their original anatomic position. The mean follow-up period was 47 months (range, 31-71 months). Patients were observed neurologically and radiologically. RESULTS: One to eight laminae were excised and replaced in 24 patients. Findings on computed tomography scans confirmed primary bony union in 23 patients by 6 months after surgery, and in one patient by 12 months after surgery. No complications such as postoperative spinal canal stenosis, facet arthrosis, or kyphosis were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Recapping laminoplasty afforded anatomic reconstruction of the vertebral arch after excision of spinal cord tumors. This procedure appears to warrant further evaluation as an alternative to wide laminectomies for exposure of intraspinal tumors.     

Does surgical technique influence clinical outcome after lumbar spinal stenosis decompression? A comparative effectiveness study from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of spinal process osteotomy with two other midline-retaining methods, bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy with crossover, among patients undergoing surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.

Methods

This cohort study was based on data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). Patients were operated on between 2009 and 2013 at 31 Norwegian hospitals. The patients completed questionnaires at admission for surgery, and after 3 and 12 months. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were duration of surgery and hospital stay, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for back pain and leg pain, and EQ-5D and EQ-VAS. The patients were classified into one of three treatment groups according to the surgery they had received, and a propensity score was utilized to minimize bias. The three treatment groups were divided into subgroups based on Propensity Scores, and the statistical analyses were performed with and within the Propensity Score stratified subgroups.

Results

103 patients had spinal process osteotomy, 966 patients had bilateral laminotomy, and 462 patients had unilateral laminotomy with crossover. Baseline clinical scores were similar in the three groups. There were no differences in improvement after 3 and 12 months between treatment groups. At 12 months, mean ODI improvement was 15.2 (SD 16.7) after spinous process osteotomy, 16.9 (SD 17.0) after bilateral laminotomy, and 16.7 (SD 16.9) after unilateral laminotomy with crossover. There were no differences in the secondary clinical outcomes or complication rates. Mean duration of surgery was greatest for spinal process osteotomy (p < 0.05). Length of stay was 2.1 days (SD 2.1) in the bilateral laminotomy group, 3.5 (SD 2.4) days for unilateral laminotomy, and 6.9 days (SD 4.1) for spinous process osteotomy group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In a propensity scored matched cohort, there were no differences in the clinical outcome 12 months after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis performed using the three different posterior decompression techniques. Bilateral laminotomy had shortest duration of surgery and shortest length of hospital stay. Surgical technique does not seem to affect clinical outcome after three different midline-retaining posterior decompression techniques.

     

预防腰椎管术后硬膜外纤维瘢痕粘连的实验研究与临床观察

目的观察腰椎板切开椎板关闭成形术后椎板愈合、椎管内纤维瘢痕增生和硬膜外粘连情况。方法采用山羊14只制作动物模型,切开两个节段腰椎椎板,分别采用原位椎板关闭和椎板部分后移关闭两种手术方式,观察术后2、4、6、8、12、16、24周,椎板愈合和椎管内粘连情况。临床上采用腰椎板切开椎板原位关闭成形术处理椎管内病变患者46例,通过X线和CT检查观察椎板愈合和椎管内粘连情况。结果术后12周与16周,关闭的椎板均骨性连接;24周,关闭的椎板完全骨性愈合。后移椎板连接处较原位关闭椎板明显增厚;椎管内壁连接处轻微隆起。椎管内少量瘢痕增生粘连,可锐性分离。临床病例术后半年X线提示椎板截骨线消失。CT提示椎板截骨线骨质愈合,未见椎板连接处大量骨痂生成,椎管完整,硬膜囊无变形移位,硬膜同椎板间隙清楚。结论椎板原位关闭较椎板部分后移关闭骨质愈合速度快、愈合质量高。腰椎板切开椎板关闭成形术能有效地防止椎管内纤维瘢痕增生和硬膜外粘连的形成。     

Pathomechanism and prevention of further surgery after posterior decompression for lumbar spinal canal stenosis in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

BACKGROUND CONTEXTDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a risk factor for further surgery after posterior decompression without fusion for patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS). However, a strategy to prevent revision surgery has not been described.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to review clinical and imaging findings in LSS patients with DISH extending to the lumbar segment and to propose countermeasures for prevention of revision surgery.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective study.PATIENTS SAMPLEA total of 613 consecutive patients with LSS underwent posterior decompression without fusion at our hospital and had a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. We defined patients with DISH bridging to the lumbar segment as L-DISH cases (group D, n=111), and those without as non-L-DISH cases (group N, n=502).OUTCOME MEASUREDemographic data including the rate of revision surgery, neurological examination using Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, radiological studies comprised plain lumbar radiography, CT, and high-resolution MRI were assessed.METHODSClinical features and imaging findings were compared in patients with and without L-DISH. Revision surgery and surgical procedures (conventional laminotomy or lumbar spinous process-splitting [split] laminotomy) were examined in the two groups. No funding was received for this study.RESULTSL-DISH from L2 to L4 was a risk factor for disc degeneration such as a vacuum phenomenon and for further surgical treatment. The rate of revision surgery was higher in group D than in group N (9.0% vs. 4.0%, p=.026). There was no significant difference in this rate for patients in groups D and N who underwent conventional laminotomy; however, for those who underwent split laminotomy, the rate was significantly higher in group D (16.7% vs. 2.1%, p=.0006). Furthermore, the rate of revision surgery after split laminotomy at a lower segment adjacent to L-DISH was significantly higher than that after conventional laminotomy (37.5% vs. 7.7%, p=.037).CONCLUSIONSA negative impact of lumbar spinous process-splitting laminotomy was found, especially with decompression at a lower segment adjacent to L-DISH. In such cases, surgery sparing the osteoligamentous structures at midline, including the spinous process and supra- and interspinous ligaments, should be selected.