Association between VEGF polymorphisms (936c/t, -460t/c and -634g/c) with haplotypes and coronary heart disease susceptibility

Aim: Our aim was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Methods: 144 CHD patients and 150 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Three SNPs (936C/T, -460T/C and -634G/C) of VEGF were chose and then were genotyped with Sequenom time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the association of genotypes and haplotypes and CHD susceptibility. Results: The frequencies of -460T/C CC genotype (13.6%) was found higher in the case group than that of control group (6.7%), which indicated that CC genotype was a risk factor for CHD (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.10-5.68). Correspondently, the C allele appeared to increase the risk of CHD (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.07-2.22). For -634G/C polymorphism, the risk of the CC genotype carrier for CHD increased 2.24 fold compared to the wild genotype. Moreover, -634G/CC allele was significantly associated with CHD susceptibility (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.15-2.36). In addition, +936C/T CT genotype and C allele appeared to be a genetic-susceptibility factors for CHD (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.44-4.10; OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.26-3.02). The haplotype analysis showed that T-C-T, C-C-C and C-G-C haplotypes all could increase the risk for CHD (OR: 2.43, 2.77 and 2.33). Conclusion: we concluded VEGF polymorphisms were associated with CHD susceptibility. Moreover, the haplotypes of T-C-T, C-C-C and C-G-C all could increase the risk for CHD.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in spontaneously aborted fetuses

Citation Jeon YJ, Kim JH, Rah HC, Kim SY, Yoon TK, Choi DH, Cha SH, Shim SH, Kim NK. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in spontaneously aborted fetuses. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 544–553 Problems The VEGF?1154G>A polymorphism has been reported to be a genetic risk factor for recurrent spontaneous abortion in various studies; however, these studies have focused on genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. To evaluate and confirm the association between the VEGF?1154G>A polymorphism and spontaneous abortion, we focused on the relationship between four polymorphisms in the VEGF gene (?2578C>A, ?1154G>A, ?634G>C, and 936C>T) and spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs). Method of study The subjects included 118 SAFs at <20 weeks gestation and 380 normal controls consisting of children and adults. The polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results Spontaneously aborted fetuses exhibited significantly different frequencies of the ?2578CA+AA/?634CC and ?1154GA+AA/?634CC combined genotypes compared with control subjects. The frequency of the ?2578A/?1154A/?634C/936C haplotype was significantly higher in SAFs. Conclusions VEGF genes ?2578CA+AA/?634CC and ?1154GA+AA/?634CC in the fetus are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion.     

VEGF基因多态性与子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病遗传易感性研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)基因启动子区-460C/T和-1154G/A单核苷酸多态性与子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病发病风险的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态方法检测344例子宫内膜异位症患者(内异症组)和360名对照妇女(对照组)、174例子宫腺肌病患者(腺肌病组)和199名对照妇女(对照组)的VEGF基因2个多态性位点的基因型频率分布情况.结果 VEGF-460C/T多态的基因型和等位基因频率分布在两病例组与其对照组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).在内异症组和对照组中,VEGF-1154G/A多态的AA、GA、GG 3种基因型频率分别是1.7%、28.8%、69.5%和5.8%、32.8%、61.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);G、A等位基因频率分别是83.9%、16.1%和77.8%、22.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);与GA+AA基因型相比,携带GG基因型明显增加内异症的发病风险(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.05～1.96).在腺肌病组和对照组中,VEGF-1154G/A多态的AA、GA、GG 3种基因型频率分别是2.9%、23.6%、73.6%和7.0%、34.2%、58.8%.两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.007);G、A等位基因频率分别是85.3%、14.7%和75.9%、24.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);与GA+AA基因型相比,携带GG基因型明显增加腺肌病的发病风险(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.26～3.03).结论 VEGF基因启动子区-1154G/A多态与子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病的发病风险明显相关,携带GG基因型显著增加子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病的发病风险.     

Association of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms (–460C/T, +405G/C and +936T/C) with Endometriosis: A Meta‐Analysis

Published data on the association between the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene –460C/T (rs833061), +405G/C (rs2010963), +936T/C (rs3025039) polymorphisms and endometriosis risk are inconclusive. Eleven eligible case‐control studies including 2690 cases and 2803 controls were included in this meta‐analysis through searching the databases of PubMed and CBMdisc (up to August 1, 2011). In the overall analysis, no significant association between the –460C/T and +405G/C polymorphisms and risk of endometriosis was observed. However, significant associations were observed between endometriosis risk and VEGF+936T polymorphism with summarized odds ratio of 1.19 (95%CI, 1.02–1.37), 1.18 (95%CI, 1.03–1.37), 1.15 (95%CI, 1.01–1.30) for CT versus CC genotype, dominant mode (CT/TT vs. CC) and allele comparison (T vs. C), respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis showed that significantly strong association between +936T/C polymorphism and endometriosis was present only in stage III–IV (OR = 1.32 for dominant mode; OR = 1.30 for T vs. C), but not in stage I–II. However, no significantly increased risk of endometriosis was found in any of the genetic models in Asians or in Caucasians. This meta‐analysis supports that VEGF+936T/C polymorphism is capable of causing endometriosis susceptibility.     

Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in Inflammatory Pathways in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract: Although the etiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remains unclear, the pathologically increased permeability of blood vessels, elucidated by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), suggests the involvement of inflammation. Because SSNHL is considered a multifactorial disease, possibly caused by interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors, the authors investigated the associations of polymorphisms of inflammatory mediator genes with susceptibility to SSNHL. The authors compared 72 patients affected by SSNHL and 2010 adults (1010 men and 1000 women; mean age 59.2 years; range 40–79) who participated in the National Institute for Longevity Sciences Longitudinal Study of Aging. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for SSNHL in subjects with polymorphisms in the genes IL-6 C ? 572G, IL-4R G1902A, IL-10 A ? 592C, TNFα C ? 863A, TNFRSF1B G593A, VEGF C936T, VEGF C ? 2578A, and VEGF G ? 1154A, with adjustment for age, gender, and any history of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. The per-allele OR for the risk of SSNHL in subjects bearing IL-6 C ? 572G was 1.480 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.037–2.111) in model 1 (no adjustment), 1.463 (CI, 1.022–2.094) in model 2 (adjusted for age and gender), and 1.460 (CI, 1.016–2.097) in model 3 (adjusted for age, gender, and a history of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia). Under the dominant model of inheritance, the ORs were 1.734 (CI, 1.080–2.783) in model 1, 1.690 (CI, 1.050–2.721) in model 2, and 1.669 (CI, 1.035–2.692) in model 3. The remaining seven polymorphisms failed to show any associations with the risk of SSNHL. These data need to be confirmed on larger series of patients. In conclusion, the IL-6 C ? 572G polymorphism is associated with a risk of SSNHL. Because permeability of blood vessels in the inner ear is frequently increased in patients with SSNHL, inflammation of the inner ear might be involved.     

VEGF polymorphisms and severity of atherosclerosis

Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor, and neovascularisation has been shown to be important in atherosclerotic plaque development. There is some disagreement as to whether VEGF acts as a pro-atherosclerotic or anti-atherosclerotic factor. In the present study we have sought to clarify this by determining genotypes and haplotypes for three reportedly functional VEGF SNPs in a large series of well documented coronary atherosclerosis patients. Methods: VEGF –2578, –1154, and –634 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 984 subjects from the Southampton Atherosclerosis Study, using the 5'' nuclease assay for allelic discrimination (TaqMan). Results: VEGF –2578 genotypes showed a significantly different distribution in patients without myocardial infarction when stratified according to number of diseased arteries. VEGF –2578 was also associated with mean number of stenotic segments in the same patient group. The AA genotype was a risk factor and CC was protective. These associations were significant before and after adjustment for classic risk factors, and were reflected in associations between VEGF haplotypes and the number of diseased arteries and stenotic segments. As VEGF –2578 CC has been provisionally shown to be associated with higher VEGF expression than the AA genotype, these results are consistent with a protective effect for VEGF in atherosclerosis development. Some changes in VEGF –1154 genotype frequencies were also detected, but no significant associations were detected for any one particular genotype. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that VEGF polymorphism is associated with development of atherosclerosis, possibly via regulation of VEGF expression, supporting a protective effect for VEGF in atherosclerosis. These results require replication in an independent study group, combined with study of additional candidate polymorphisms in the VEGF gene.     

Association between promoter polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor gene and sporadic Alzheimer's disease among Northern Chinese Han

Increasing evidences suggest that polymorphisms within the promoter region of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene may elevate the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In Northern Chinese Han, we found three polymorphisms in the VEGF promoter: −2578C/A (rs699947), −2549I/D (rs35569394) and −1154G/A (rs1570360). A strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between −2578C/A and −2549I/D. After adjusting the data by gender, age and the APOE?4 status using logistic regression, the −1154G/G genotype was found to increase the risk for sporadic AD (SAD) by 1.4-folds. In the subgroup of APOE?4 non-carriers, the −1154G allele and −2549D/−1154G haplotype were observed to be significantly higher in the 279 SAD patients than in the 317 healthy individuals. The present study provides the evidence that the −1154G allele and the −2549D/−1154G haplotype may be associated with the development of SAD in the individuals without APOE?4 allele.     

−1154G/A and −2578C/A polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene in Tunisian Alzheimer patients in relation to β-amyloid (1–42) and total tau protein

Recent evidences indicate that polymorphisms within the promoter region of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene may elevate the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further investigate, we have analyzed association between promoter polymorphisms of the VEGF gene in 93 AD patients and age and sex matched 113 controls from Tunisian population. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the VEGF (−2578C/A) and (−1154G/A) polymorphisms did not differ significantly between AD and control groups (p > 0.05). In the subgroup of ApoE ?4 carriers, the −2578A was observed to be significantly higher in the AD patients than in the control individuals. After adjusting the data by gender, age and the ApoE ?4 status using logistic regression, the −2578A allele was found to increase the risk for sporadic AD by 1.7-fold. The present study provides the evidence that the −2578A allele may be associated with the development of AD in the individuals with ApoE ?4 allele. In addition, AD patients carrying the −2578A allele had lower Aβ42 (p = 0.029) levels than those without this allele, particularly in subjects with ApoE ?4 allele.     

血管内皮生长因子基因多态性与先天性心脏病相关性的Meta分析

目的 评价血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等位基因、基因型、基因单倍型多态性与先天性心脏病（CHD）的相关性.方法 检索Cochrane图书馆、Medline、PubMed、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库,检索起止时间均为建库至2011年12月,并且对重要文献的参考文献采取手工回溯检索.获取VEGF与CHD相关性的病例对照研究和传递不平衡检验文献.对文献进行质量评价.采用RevMan 5.1.1软件进行异质性检验,根据检验结果选择适当的效应模型进行Meta分析.结果 6篇文献共10项独立研究纳入分析,漏斗图检验存在发表偏倚.Meta分析结果显示：① VEGF C-2578A和G-1154A位点等位基因变异显著增加DiGeorge综合征患者的CHD易感性,OR分别为1.40（95%CI：1.04～1.16）和1.87（95%CI：1.27～2.75）;G-634C位点的等位基因变异显著增加普通病例的CHD易感性,OR=1.29,95%CI：1.02～1.62.② G-1154A位点（AA＋AG）为DiGeorge综合征患者合并CHD的危险因素,OR=2.10,95%CI：1.32～3.34.③单倍型AAG在DiGeorge综合征患者中显著增加CHD易感性,OR=1.82,95%CI：1.31～2.54;单倍型CGC显著降低普通病例CHD风险的保护作用,OR=0.79,95%CI：0.63～0.99.结论 VEGF等位基因、基因型、基因单倍型多态性与CHD易感性存在一定的相关性,且在DiGeorge综合征患者与普通患者间存在差异;在不伴DiGeorge综合征的人群中,特定单倍型（CGC）则有显著降低CHD风险的保护作用,其作用机制尚需进一步明确.     

Complement Receptor 1 (A3650G RsaI and Intron 27 HindIII) Polymorphisms and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer in North Indian Population

Decreased expression due to genetic variations in complement receptor 1 (CR1) on erythrocytes might result in reduced clearance of immune complexes, conferring interindividual variation for gallbladder cancer (GBC) susceptibility. We studied role of CR1 (A₃₆₅₀G RsaI and Intron 27 HindIII) polymorphisms in gallstone disease and GBC in north Indian population. Study included 185 GBC patients, 185 gallstone patients and 200 controls. Genotyping was done by PCR‐RFLP. Result showed GG genotype and G allele of CR1 A₃₆₅₀G RsaI were conferring significant risk for GBC [(P = 0.022; OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.1–3.4) and (P = 0.035; OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.0–3.8) respectively]. Also, comparison of GBC patients with gallstone patients showed increased risk for GBC in presence of GG genotype and G allele GBC (P = 0.048; OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.0–3.0) and (P = 0.027; OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.0–1.8) respectively. No association of CR1 A₃₆₅₀G RsaI polymorphism was observed when gallstone patients were compared with controls. CR1 Intron 27 HindIII polymorphism was not associated with GBC and gallstone susceptibility. Haplotype analysis showed increased risk of GBC in presence of G,L haplotype (P = 0.046; OR = 1.35: 95% CI = 1.0–1.8). Subgroup stratifications on basis of gender and gallstone status showed GG genotype of CR1 A₃₆₅₀G RsaI polymorphism imparted high risk for GBC in females (P = 0.043; OR = 1.99: 95% CI = 1.4–3.9). Also there was increased risk for GBC in presence as well as absence of gallstones (OR = 1.85 and 1.76 respectively), but it was not statistically significant. We conclude that CR1 A₃₆₅₀G RsaI polymorphism plays an important role in conferring genetic susceptibility to gallbladder cancer GBC in north Indian population.     

Association between vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration in a Polish population

The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is thought to be determined by an array of environmental and genetic factors. The association of increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with AMD, especially the wet form of AMD, was reported in several studies. The VEGF gene is highly polymorphic and some of its polymorphisms may affect its expression. In our work, we searched for an association between the −460C> (rs833061) and −634G>C (rs2010963) polymorphisms of the VEGF gene and the occurrence of AMD and its dry and wet forms. We have chosen these polymorphisms because they were shown to be significant in other studies and we previously showed their association with diabetic retinopathy. A total of 401 individuals were enrolled in this study: 136 controls, and 88 patients with dry and 177 with wet AMD. The polymorphisms were determined with DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes by allele-specific and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. The significance of the polymorphisms was assessed by multiple logistic regression, producing odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We observed a weak association (OR 2.90) between AMD occurrence and the C/T genotype of the −460C>T polymorphism. An association (OR 3.77) between the C/T genotype of the −460C>T polymorphism and the occurrence of dry AMD was observed. The T/T genotype considerably lowered the risk of dry AMD (OR 0.19). Dry AMD was associated with the C/C genotype of the −634G>C polymorphism (OR 3.68). Another weak association (OR 2.63) was found between the C/T genotype of the −460C>T polymorphism and the occurrence of wet AMD. The occurrence of AMD was correlated with the presence of the combined C/T–G/G genotype of both polymorphisms (OR 2.41), whereas the T/T–G/G and T/T–G/C genotypes exerted a protective effect against the disease (OR 0.22 and 0.48, respectively). The presence of the C/T–G/G and C/T–C/C combined genotypes increased the risk of dry AMD (OR 2.08 and 3.77, respectively), whereas the presence of the T/T–G/G and T/T–G/C genotypes decreased the risk (OR 0.15 and 0.28, respectively). In the wet form of AMD, the combined genotype C/T–G/G slightly favored the disease (OR 2.61) and the T/T–G/G genotype had a protective effect (OR 0.25). Analysis of haplotypes of both polymorphisms yielded similar results for AMD in general as well as for the dry and wet forms of the disease: the CG haplotype favored both forms of AMD, whereas the TG haplotype protected against both forms of AMD. The results obtained indicate that the −460C>T and −634G>C polymorphisms of the VEGF gene may be associated with the dry and wet forms of AMD in a Polish population.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor +405 G/C,−460 T/C and −2578 A/C polymorphisms are not associated with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

Insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction are usual comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. This study examined firstly the possible association of common +405 G/C,−460 T/C and −2578 A/C polymorphisms of VEGF gene with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and the indices of IR [glucose/insulin ratio (GIR), homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)] in 137 patients with PCOS. None of the studied polymorphisms were found to affect IR indices significantly. However, there was a trend towards higher HOMA in +405 G and −460 T allele carriers in comparison with homozygotes +405 CC and −460 CC, respectively. With regard to −2578 A/C polymorphism, although not significant, in −2578 C carriers HOMA was lower, and GIR was higher in comparison with −2578 AA genotype. Alteration of QUICKI between genotypes was minimal and varied from 4% to 7%. Because of the relatively small sample size, more studies with greater number of cases are necessary to confirm our observations before any statement can be made about the relationship between VEGF gene polymorphism and IR parameters in PCOS.     

Toll-like receptor 1 gene polymorphisms in childhood IgA nephropathy: a case-control study in the Korean population

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune mediators that stimulate nuclear factor kappa B and the inflammatory cytokines. TLR1 is expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells when the kidney is injured, but the role of TLR1 gene in glomerulonephritis has not been clearly elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association of TLR1 polymorphisms with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in children. One hundred and ninety pediatric patients with biopsy‐proven IgAN and 283 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR1 gene [rs4833095 (missense, Asn248Ser) and rs5743557 (promoter, ?414C/T)] were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing. For rs4833095, the C/T genotype in the codominant model (vs. the T/T genotype) [odds ratio (OR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.69, P = 0.009] and the genotype containing C allele (C/T and C/C) in the dominant model (vs. the T/T genotype) (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.16–3.34, P = 0.012) were associated with an increased risk of IgAN. For rs5743557, the T/T genotype in the codominant model (vs. the C/C genotype) (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02–2.96, P = 0.041) appeared to be associated with IgAN risk. In haplotype analysis, the CT haplotype revealed an association with IgAN (codominant model, OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80, P = 0.017; dominant model, OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.16–2.67, P = 0.008). After Bonferroni correction, the association of the genotypes of rs4833095 and the CT haplotype with IgAN risk remained significant. These findings suggest that TLR1 gene polymorphisms may affect IgAN susceptibility in Korean children.     

Association between the Interleukin‐6 Gene −572 C/G Polymorphism and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta‐Analysis of 11,681 Subjects

The association between the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene ?572 C/G (rs1800796) polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk remains controversial. Thus, we performed this meta‐analysis by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBMdisc and CNKI databases until January 30, 2012. In addition, hand searching of the references of identified articles was performed. A total of 10 case–control studies including 11,681 subjects were selected to evaluate the possible association. Our results showed evidence for significant association between the IL‐6 gene ?572 C/G polymorphism and T2DM risk (for G allele vs. C allele: odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.52, P = 0.002, P = 0.008 after Bonferroni testing; for G/G vs. C/C: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.51–2.37, P < 0.00001, P < 0.00004 after Bonferroni testing; for GG vs. G/C + C/C: OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.20–2.56, P = 0.004, P = 0.016 after Bonferroni testing; for G/G + G/C vs. C/C: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.11–1.57, P = 0.001, P = 0.004 after Bonferroni testing). In addition, similar results were obtained in the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity. In summary, the present meta‐analysis suggests a significant association between the IL‐6 gene ?572 G allele and increased risk of T2DM.     

The 5‐HT2A receptor gene 102T/C polymorphism is associated with suicidal behavior in depressed patients

Several lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors constitute an important determinant of suicidal behavior. A significant association between the 5‐HT_2A‐C allele and suicidality has recently been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the proposed association between 5‐HT_2A‐102T/C polymorphism and suicidality could be replicated in a larger and independent sample of Spanish patients with major depression. The 102T/C polymorphism of the 5‐HT_2A receptor gene was analyzed in 159 patients with major depression (DSM‐IV criteria) and 164 unrelated and healthy controls using a case control design. All individuals were subjects of Spanish origin. Significant differences in allele (chi‐square = 4.13, df = 1, P = 0.04) and genotype (chi‐square = 6.19, df = 2, P = 0.04) distributions were found between non–suicide attempters and suicide attempters. Moreover, those patients carrying 5‐HT_2A‐C allele had more than five times the risk for attempting suicide than noncarriers (OR = 5.50, 95% CI = 1.18–35.20, P = 0.01). Our results replicate the proposed association between 5HT_2A‐C allele and suicidality in major depression. Moreover, no overall associations are detected when patients with major depression and controls are compared for 102T/C frequencies, suggesting that the increased risk for suicidality conferred by 5‐HT_2A‐C allele is primarily associated with suicidal behavior and not with the diagnosis of major depression itself. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The −675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism confers genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus,its clinical manifestations,and comorbidities in Mexican-Mestizo population

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a broad range of factors that contribute to the development of the disease and its comorbidities. Genetic predisposition influences the development of SLE, and the ?675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism has been associated with several pathologies with a chronic inflammatory component. Our objective was to investigate the genetic association between the ?675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism with SLE, its clinical manifestations, and comorbidities in a Mexican-Mestizo population. The ?675 PAI-1 polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP in 716 subjects: 293 SLE patients and 423 control subjects. Significant associations for SLE genetic susceptibility were found in carriers of 4G/5G (OR = 2.63; CI 1.81–3.87; p?<?.001) and 4G/4G (OR = 2.70; CI 1.62–4.51; p?<?.001) genotype in comparison with the 5G/5G genotype; 4G allele carriers also presented genetic risk for SLE (OR = 1.63; CI 1.31–2.03; p?<?.001) compared to the 5G allele. Following a dominant genetic model, a similar association was found with the 4G allele to SLE (OR = 2.66; CI1.84–3.84; p?<?.001). The 4G/5G genotype was associated with shorter disease duration (p?=?.039), as well as lower levels of haemoglobin (p?=?.001) and haematocrit (p?=?.009); the need for prednisone treatment (p?=?.001), higher BMI (p?=?.03), presence of type 2?DM (p?=?.015), clinical activity (Mex-SLEDAI = 57%; p?=?.047), Chronicity (SLICC-ACR = 0; p?=?.015) and CRP levels (p?=?.015) were associated with 5G/5G genotypes. In conclusion, the ?675 4G/5G and 4G/4G PAI-1genotypes were found as genetic risk markers of susceptibility for SLE in the Mexican-Mestizo population, and each genotype could influence the clinical manifestations and comorbidities differently in SLE.     

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between TNF-α (−308G/A) and IL-10 (−819C/T) Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dengue

Objective: This study determined whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to dengue.

Methods: a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted of the associations between the TNF-α (?308G/A) and IL-10 (?819C/T) polymorphisms and dengue.

Results: A total of eight case-controls studies involving 384 individuals with symptomatic dengue, 571 individuals with dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 995 healthy controls were considered in the meta-analysis. There was no significant association between TNF-α (?308G/A) and IL-10 (?819C/T) polymorphism and dengue in overall population. However, stratifying meta-analysis by groups, the meta-analysis revealed association between the TNF-α ?308 G/G (OR: 1.62, CI: 1.02–2.57, p = 0.04) genotype and allele G (OR: 1.62, CI: 1.04–2.55, p = 0.03) that confers susceptibility to symptomatic dengue, while the TNF-α ?308 G/A genotype (OR: 0.69, CI = 0.39–0.99, p = 0.04) and allele A (OR: 0.64, CI: 0.41–1.00, p = 0.05) confers protection to symptomatic dengue. No difference was observed for the TNF-α (?308) and IL-10 (?819C/T) polymorphisms in the comparisons of hemorrhagic dengue versus control and hemorrhagic dengue versus symptomatic dengue.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that TNF-α (?308) polymorphism is associated with dengue symptomatic susceptibility.     

Correlation between survivin genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility

Aims: The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship of survivin polymorphisms including -31G/C, -625G/C, 9194A/G and 9809T/C with the susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to test the polymorphisms of -31G/C, -625G/C, 9194A/G and 9809T/C in 104 patients with lung cancer and 104 healthy controls. Then, linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes were analyzed by HaploView software. The differences of genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies in case and control group were assessed via chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were used to evaluate the correlation of survivin polymorphisms with lung cancer. Results: Genotype distribution of each polymorphism site in control group was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P>0.05). The frequency of -31G/C CC genotype and C allele in case group were much higher than that of controls, respectively (CC: 33.6% vs. 22.1%; C: 57.2% vs. 46.6%) and CC genotype as well as C allele were appeared to be risk factors for lung cancer. Meanwhile, 9194A/G GG genotype could increase the risk for lung cancer (OR=2.86, 95% CI=1.14-7.20). The risk of G allele carriers for lung caner was higher than that of A allele (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.08-2.47). The haplotypes analysis indicated that CGGC and GCAT were associated with the susceptibility to lung cancer (OR=2.79, 95% CI=1.58-4.92; OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.29-4.30). Conclusions: Survivin -31G/C and 9194A/G polymorphisms were associated with the risk of lung cancer. The CGGC and GCAT haplotypes carriers were more likely to develop lung cancer.     

Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the NOS2A Gene and Interaction with Smoking in Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex degenerative retinal disease influenced by both genetic and environmental risk factors. We assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2A gene increase risk and modulate the effect of smoking in AMD. 998 Caucasian subjects (712 AMD cases and 286 controls) were genotyped for 17 SNPs in NOS2A. Multivariable logistic regression models containing SNP genotypes, age, sex, smoking status and genotype/smoking interaction were constructed. SNP rs8072199 was significantly associated with AMD (OR = 1.3; 95% CI : 1.02, 1.65; P= 0.035). A significant interaction with smoking was detected at rs2248814 (P= 0.037). Stratified data by genotypes demonstrated that the association between AMD and smoking was stronger in carriers of AA genotypes (OR = 35.98; 95% CI: 3.19, 405.98) than in carriers of the AG genotype (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.36, 6.74) or GG genotype (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.91, 4.84). The results suggest a possible synergistic interaction of AA genotype with smoking, although the result bears replication in larger samples. Our data suggests that SNPs in the NOS2A gene are associated with increased risk for AMD and might modulate the effect of smoking on AMD.     

Associations between NRAMP1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Ulcerative Colitis/Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: Multiple environmental and genetic factors contribute to the risks of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Several allelic variants have been identified in natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene; however, their association with UC/CD remains conflicting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether NRAMP1 polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to UC/CD.

Methods: A meta-analysis on the association between the NRAMP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to UC/CD was performed. Relevant studies were retrieved from the databases. After eligible data were extracted, Mantel–Haenszel statistics and random/fixed effects model were applied to calculate the pooled odds radio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results: Seven articles containing 536 UC cases, 997 CD cases, and 1361 controls were collected. No significant association between allele 2 frequency of NRAMP1 and susceptibility to UC/CD was detected in overall population (all p > 0.05). However, increased UC/CD risk for allele 3 was observed in Caucasian population (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.08~1.50, p = 0.04), whereas decreased UC/CD risk was detected in non-Caucasian population (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60~0.87, p < 0.001), under “allele 3 vs. other alleles” model. Moreover, a significant increase in CD risk for T carrier frequency of ?237 C/T (OR = 0.44, 95% CI, 0.26~0.75, p = 0.003) was detected, but not 274 C/T and 1729+55del4 (TGTG) +/del.

Conclusions: The polymorphism of ?237 C/T is related to the risk of CD; and the association of allele 3 with UC/CD risk differs in Caucasian and non-Caucasian population, which might be the potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of UC/CD.