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1.
Feng Zhang Rujia Zhong Song Li Zhenfa Fu Renfei Wang Tianxiao Wang Zhili Huang Weidong Le 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):590-597
Objective
The present work aims to evaluate the significance of sleep disturbance and electroencephalogram (EEG) alteration in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Background and Rationale
Sleep disturbance is common in patients with AD. It is not known if it can occur at the early stage of AD and if EEG recording may help identify the early sign of the disease.Historical Evolution
Sleep disturbance in AD has generally been considered as late consequence of the neurodegenerative process. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the sleep disturbance may occur at the early stage of AD.Updated Hypothesis
Based on the previous epidemiologic studies and our recent findings, we propose that sleep disturbance may play an important role in the development of AD. Sleep EEG changes may serve as a valuable early sign for AD in the prepathological stage.Early Experimental Data
Our data suggested that AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic AD mice at preplaque stage (3 and 4 months of age) exhibited different profile of sleep architecture and sleep EEG, which preceded the cognitive deficit and AD neuropathology.Future Experiments and Validation Studies
Future experiments should focus on sleep EEG changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early stage of AD. Follow-up studies in high-risk population of the elderly are equally important. In addition, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the sleep disturbance should be thoroughly investigated.Major Challenges for the Hypothesis
Studies on human participants with early stage of AD, especially the follow-up studies on the presymptomatic elderly in a large population, are difficult and time-consuming.Linkage to Other Major Theories
Our hypothesis may link previous theories to establish a bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and AD, which may finally form a new schematic mechanism to understand the disease pathogenesis and disease progression. 相似文献2.
Kelsey R. Thomas Joel S. Eppig Alexandra J. Weigand Emily C. Edmonds Christina G. Wong Amy J. Jak Lisa Delano-Wood Douglas R. Galasko David P. Salmon Steven D. Edland Mark W. Bondi 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):561-569
Introduction
We examined reasons for low mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-to-cognitively normal (CN) reversion rates in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).Methods
CN and MCI participants were identified as remaining stable, progressing, or reverting at 1-year of follow-up (Year 1). Application of ADNI's MCI criteria at Year 1 in addition to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by group were examined.Results
The MCI-to-CN reversion rate was 3.0%. When specific components were examined, 22.5% of stable MCI participants had normal memory performance at Year 1 and their Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were consistent with the stable CN group. At Year 1, when all MCI criteria were not met, the more subjective Clinical Dementia Rating rather than objective memory measure appeared to drive continuation of the MCI diagnosis.Discussion
Results demonstrate an artificially low 1-year MCI-to-CN reversion rate in ADNI-diagnosed participants. If the Logical Memory cutoffs had been consistently applied, the reversion rate would have been at least 21.8%. 相似文献3.
Daniel R. Edgcumbe Volker Thoma Davide Rivolta Michael A. Nitsche Cynthia H.Y. Fu 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):652-658
Background
Accounts of cognitive processes in judgment and decision-making are frequently based on a dual-process framework, which reflects two qualitatively different types of processing: intuitive (Type 1) and analytical (Type 2) processes.Objective
The present study investigated the effects of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on judgment and decision-making performance.Methods
Participants received anodal tDCS stimulation to the right DLPFC, left DLPFC or sham. There were 3 tasks: vignettes measuring heuristic thinking, belief bias syllogisms, and the cognitive reflection test (CRT), a measure of the ability to inhibit automatic responses to reach a correct solution. Fifty-four participants (mean age?=?24.63?±?4.46 years; 29 females) were recruited.Results
Results showed that anodal tDCS to the right DLPFC was associated with an increase in cognitive reflection performance (Type 2 processing) as compared to left DLPFC and to sham. Logic thinking was reduced following anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC.Conclusion
These findings are broadly consistent with a dual process framework, and cannot be explained by differences in cognitive ability and thinking style. The results demonstrate the involvement of the right DLPFC in cognitive reflection, and suggest the possibility of improving cognitive performance through tDCS. 相似文献4.
Federico Ranieri Gianluca Coppola Gabriella Musumeci Fioravante Capone Giovanni Di Pino Vincenzo Parisi Vincenzo Di Lazzaro 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):705-713
Background
Repetitive convergent inputs to a single post-synaptic neuron can induce long-term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD) of synaptic activity in a spike timing-dependent manner.Objective
Here we set a protocol of visual paired associative stimulation (vPAS) of the primary visual cortex (V1) in humans to induce persistent changes in the excitatory properties of V1 with a spike timing rule.Methods
We provided convergent inputs to V1 by coupling transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses of the occipital cortex with peripheral visual inputs, at four interstimulus intervals of ?50/-25/+25/+50 ms relative to the visual evoked potential (VEP) P1 latency. We analysed VEP amplitude and delayed habituation before and up to 10 min after each vPAS protocol.Results
VEP amplitude was reduced after vPAS+25. Delayed VEP habituation was increased after vPAS-25 while it was reduced after vPAS+25.Conclusions
We provide evidence that associative bidirectional synaptic plasticity is a feature not only of the sensorimotor but also of the human visual system. 相似文献5.
Sharon G. Curhan Walter C. Willett Francine Grodstein Gary C. Curhan 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):525-533
Introduction
We examined the relation between self-reported hearing loss, hearing aid use, and risk of subjective cognitive function (SCF) decline.Methods
We conducted an 8-year (2008–2016) longitudinal study of 10,107 men aged ≥62 years who reported their hearing status in 2006 and had no subjective cognitive concerns in 2008. Change in SCF scores was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire, and subjective decline was defined as new report of at least one SCF concern during follow-up.Results
Hearing loss was associated with higher risk of SCF decline. Compared with no hearing loss, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) of incident SCF decline was 1.30 (1.18, 1.42), 1.42 (1.26, 1.61), and 1.54 (1.22, 1.96) among men with mild, moderate, and severe hearing loss (no hearing aids), respectively (P-trend < .001). Among men with severe hearing loss who used hearing aids, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) was 1.37 (1.18, 1.60).Discussion
Hearing loss was associated with substantially higher risk of subsequent subjective cognitive decline in men. 相似文献6.
Dalia Khammash Molly Simmonite Thad A. Polk Stephan F. Taylor Sean K. Meehan 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):702-704
Background
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method to stimulate localized brain regions. Despite widespread use in motor cortex, TMS is seldom performed in sensory areas due to variable, qualitative metrics.Objective
Assess the reliability and validity of tracing phosphenes, and to investigate the stimulation parameters necessary to elicit decreased visual cortex excitability with paired-pulse TMS at short inter-stimulus intervals.Methods
Across two sessions, single and paired-pulse recruitment curves were derived by having participants outline elicited phosphenes and calculating resulting average phosphene sizes.Results
Phosphene size scaled with stimulus intensity, similar to motor cortex. Paired-pulse recruitment curves demonstrated inhibition at lower conditioning stimulus intensities than observed in motor cortex. Reliability was high across sessions.Conclusions
TMS-induced phosphenes are a valid and reliable tool for measuring cortical excitability and inhibition in early visual areas. Our results also provide appropriate stimulation parameters for measuring short-latency intracortical inhibition in visual cortex. 相似文献7.
Guoqiao Wang Dean Coble Eric M. McDade Jason Hassenstab Anne M. Fagan Tammie L.S. Benzinger Randall J. Bateman John C. Morris Chengjie Xiong 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):506-514
Introduction
Staging preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) by the expected years to symptom onset (EYO) in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) through biomarker correlations is important.Methods
We estimated the correlation matrix between EYO/cognition and imaging/CSF biomarkers, and searched for the EYO cutoff where a change in the correlations occurred before and after the cutoff among the asymptomatic mutation carriers of ADAD. We then estimated the longitudinal rate of change for biomarkers/cognition within each preclinical stage defined by the EYO.Results
Based on the change in the correlations, the preclinical ADAD was divided by EYOs ?7 and ?13 years. Mutation carriers demonstrated a temporal ordering of biomarker/cognition changes across the three preclinical stages.Discussion
Duration of each preclinical stage can be estimated in ADAD, facilitating better planning of prevention trials with the EYO cutoffs under the recently released FDA guidance. The generalization of these results to sporadic AD warrants further investigation. 相似文献8.
Paola Gilsanz Maria M. Corrada Claudia H. Kawas Elizabeth Rose Mayeda M. Maria Glymour Charles P. Quesenberry Catherine Lee Rachel A. Whitmer 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):497-505
Introduction
Little is known about dementia incidence in diverse populations of oldest-old, the age group with highest dementia incidence.Methods
Incident dementia diagnoses from 1/1/2010 to 9/30/2015 were abstracted from medical records for 2350 members of an integrated health care system in California (n = 1702 whites, n = 375 blacks, n = 105 Latinos, n = 168 Asians) aged ≥90 in 2010. We estimated race/ethnicity-specific age-adjusted dementia incidence rates and implemented Cox proportional hazards models and Fine and Gray competing risk of death models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities in midlife and late-life.Results
Dementia incidence rates (n = 771 cases) were lowest among Asians (89.9/1000 person-years), followed by whites (96.9/1000 person-years), Latinos (105.8/1000 person-years), and blacks (121.5/1000 person-years). Cox regression and competing risk models estimated 28% and 36% higher dementia risk for blacks versus whites adjusting for demographics and comorbidities.Discussion
Patterns of racial/ethnic disparities in dementia seen in younger older adults continue after the age of 90 years, though smaller in magnitude. 相似文献9.
Kathleen M. Hayden Daniel P. Beavers Susan E. Steck James R. Hebert Fred K. Tabung Nitin Shivappa Ramon Casanova JoAnn E. Manson Claudia B. Padula Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher Linda G. Snetselaar Oleg Zaslavsky Stephen R. Rapp 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(11):1187-1196
Introduction
The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets have been associated with lower dementia risk. We evaluated dietary inflammatory potential in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia risk.Methods
Baseline food frequency questionnaires from n = 7085 women (aged 65–79 years) were used to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores that were categorized into four groups. Cognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all-cause dementia cases were adjudicated centrally. Mixed effect models evaluated cognitive decline on over time; Cox models evaluated the risk of MCI or dementia across DII groups.Results
Over an average of 9.7 years, there were 1081 incident cases of cognitive impairment. Higher DII scores were associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing lower (anti-inflammatory; group 1 referent) DII scores to the higher scores were group 2-HR: 1.01 (0.86–1.20); group 3-HR: 0.99 (0.82–1.18); and group 4-HR: 1.27 (1.06–1.52).Conclusions
Diets with the highest pro-inflammatory potential were associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia. 相似文献10.
Jessica B. Langbaum Jason Karlawish J. Scott Roberts Elisabeth M. Wood Angela Bradbury Nellie High Trisha L. Walsh David Gordon Raj Aggarwal Peter Davis Carter Stowell Lane Trisko Carolyn M. Langlois Eric M. Reiman Pierre N. Tariot 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):515-524
Introduction
Recruitment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention research studies is challenging because of lack of awareness among cognitively healthy adults coupled with the high screen fail rate due to participants not having a genetic risk factor or biomarker evidence of the disease. Participant recruitment registries offer one solution for efficiently and effectively identifying, characterizing, and connecting potential eligible volunteers to studies.Methods
Individuals aged 55-75 years who live in the United States and self-report not having a diagnosis of cognitive impairment such as MCI or dementia are eligible to join GeneMatch. Participants enroll online and are provided a cheek swab kit for DNA extraction and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Participants are not told their APOE results, although the results may be used in part to help match participants to AD prevention studies.Results
As of August 2018, 75,351 participants had joined GeneMatch. Nearly 30% of participants have one APOE4 allele, and approximately 3% have two APOE4 alleles. The percentages of APOE4 heterozygotes and homozygotes are inversely associated with age (P < .001).Discussion
GeneMatch, the first trial-independent research enrollment program designed to recruit and refer cognitively healthy adults to AD prevention studies based in part on APOE test results, provides a novel mechanism to accelerate prescreening and enrollment for AD prevention trials. 相似文献11.
Ali Izadi Aleksandr Pevzner Darrin J. Lee Arne D. Ekstrom Kiarash Shahlaie Gene G. Gurkoff 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):735-742
Background
Temporal lobe epilepsy is most prevalent among focal epilepsies, and nearly one-third of patients are refractory to pharmacological intervention. Persistent cognitive and neurobehavioral comorbidities also occur due to the recurrent nature of seizures and medication-related side effects.Hypothesis
Electrical neuromodulation is an effective strategy to reduce seizures both in animal models and clinically, but its efficacy to modulate cognition remains unclear. We hypothesized that theta frequency stimulation of the medial septum would increase septohippocampal oscillations, increase seizure threshold, and improve spatial learning in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.Methods
Sham and pilocarpine rats were implanted with electrodes in the medial septum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EEG was assessed days prior to and following stimulation. Sham and pilocarpine-treated rats received either no stimulation, continuous (throughout each behavior), or pre-task (one minute prior to each behavior) 7.7?Hz septal stimulation during the Barnes maze spatial navigation test and also during assessment of flurothyl-induced seizures.Results
Both continuous and pre-task stimulation prevented epilepsy-associated reductions in theta oscillations over time. Additionally, both stimulation paradigms significantly improved spatial navigation in the Barnes maze, reducing latency and improving search strategy. Moreover, stimulation led to significant increases in seizure threshold in pilocarpine-treated rats. There was no evidence of cognitive enhancement or increased seizure threshold in stimulated sham rats.Conclusion
These findings have profound implications as theta stimulation of the septum represents a single frequency and target that has the potential to both improve cognition and reduce seizures for patients with refractory epilepsy. 相似文献12.
Stephanie Kielb Emily Rogalski Sandra Weintraub Alfred Rademaker 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(12):1337-1344
Introduction
Functional and cognitive features of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) were identified in a longitudinal database from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.Methods
Cognitively normal older adults with (SCD+) and without (SCD?) self-reported memory complaints (N = 3915) were compared on (1) baseline Functional Assessment Questionnaire ratings, (2) baseline scores and longitudinal rate of change estimates from nine neuropsychological tests, and (3) final clinical diagnoses.Results
SCD+ had higher baseline ratings of functional impairment, reduced episodic memory practice effects and poorer performance on neuropsychological tests of psychomotor speed and language, and higher frequencies of mild cognitive impairment and dementia diagnoses at the end of follow-up compared with the SCD-group.Discussion
Subtle clinical features of SCD identified in this large cohort are difficult to detect at the individual level. More sensitive tests are needed to identify those with SCD who are vulnerable to cognitive decline and dementia. 相似文献13.
Background
Recent studies have shown that neurophysiological outcomes of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) are influenced by current flow in brain regions between the electrodes, and in particular the orientation of current flow relative to the cortical surface.Objective
We asked whether the directional effects of TDCS on physiological measures in the motor system would also be observed on motor behaviours.Methods
We applied TDCS during the practice of a ballistic movement task to test whether it affected learning or the retention of learning 48?h later. TDCS electrodes were oriented perpendicular to the central sulcus and two current orientations were used (posterior-anterior, TDCSPA; and anterior-posterior, TDCSAP). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess whether changes in corticospinal excitability reflected any behavioural changes.Results
Directional TDCSAP impaired the retention of learning on the ballistic movement task compared to TDCSPA and a sham condition. Although TDCSPA had no effect on learning or retention, it blocked the typical increase in corticospinal excitability after a period of motor practice.Conclusions
Our results extend on previous reports of TDCS producing directionally specific changes in neurophysiological outcomes by showing that current direction through a cortical target also impacts upon behavioural outcomes. In addition, changes in corticospinal excitability after a period of motor practice are not causally linked to behavioural learning. 相似文献14.
15.
Lars I. Eriksson Cecilia Lundholm Kaavya Narasimhalu Rolf Sandin Ya-Ping Jin Margaret Gatz Nancy L. Pedersen 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):534-542
Introduction
We evaluated whether hospitalization with or without surgery increases risk for dementia or Alzheimer's disease.Methods
A clinical sample (843 clinically diagnosed dementia cases; 1686 matched nondemented individuals) was identified from Swedish Twin Registry studies. A register-based sample (4293 cases; 21,465 matched controls) was identified by linkage of Swedish Twin Registry to Swedish Patient Registry records. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) status and within-pair comparisons of dementia discordant twins indicated genetic susceptibility.Results
Nonsurgical hospitalization is associated with greater dementia risk than hospitalization with surgical intervention. In the register sample, thoracic, abdominal, and major orthopedic procedures entailed dementia risk; in the clinical sample, orthopedic alone. Within-pair analyses indicate that associations in part reflect genetic susceptibility in common to hospitalization and dementia. Potential gene-environment interactions were indicated by greater risk due to hospitalization among APOE ε4 noncarriers.Discussion
We confirm hospitalization as a risk factor for dementia, with repeated hospitalizations a more important risk factor than surgery. 相似文献16.
Suwarna Chakraborty Sunil Jamuna Tripathi B.N. Srikumar T.R. Raju B.S. Shankaranarayana Rao 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):752-766
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disease which often coexists with cognitive deficits. Depression-induced cognitive deficits are known to be associated with aberrant reward processing, neurochemical and structural alterations. Recent studies have shown that chronic electrical stimulation of brain reward areas induces a robust antidepressant effect. However, the effects of repeated electrical self-stimulation of lateral hypothalamus - medial forebrain bundle (LH-MFB) on depression-induced cognitive deficits and associated neurochemical and structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are unknown.Objectives
We investigated the effect of chronic rewarding self-stimulation of LH-MFB in neonatal clomipramine (CLI) model of depression. During adulthood, neonatal CLI and saline administered rats were implanted with bilateral electrodes stereotaxically in the LH-MFB and trained to receive intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) for 14 days. The rats were tested for depressive-like behaviors, learning and memory followed by estimation of PFC volumes, levels of monoamines and its metabolites in the PFC.Results
We found that chronic ICSS of LH-MFB reverses CLI-induced behavioral despair and anhedonia. Interestingly, self-stimulation normalizes the impaired novel object and location recognition memory in CLI rats. The amelioration of learning impairments in CLI rats was associated with the reversal of volume loss and restoration of monoamine metabolism in the PFC.Conclusion
We demonstrated that repeated intracranial self-stimulation of LH-MFB ameliorates CLI-induced learning deficits, reverses altered monoamine metabolism and the atrophy of PFC. Our results support the hypothesis that chronic brain stimulation rewarding experience might be evolved as a potential treatment strategy for reversal of learning deficits in depression and associated disorders. 相似文献17.
Arnaud Leroy Martin Beigné Grégory Petyt Philippe Derambure Guillaume Vaiva Ali Amad 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):794-796
Introduction
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysms of either altered subjective or objective manifestations that may mimic epileptic seizures (ES), without abnormal neuronal epileptiform activity. In this report, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman with PNES and functional movement disorders, who was successfully treated with neuro-guided transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).Methods
We used a PET-guided tDCS approach, as a hypometabolism of the frontal region was revealed by FDG TEP scan. TDCs was performed 5 days/week, 2 times/day, during 3 weeks. All clinical manifestations were reported in a seizure diary. We also assessed dissociation, depression, alexithymia, psychotraumatic scales, and involuntary movements.Results
The treatment was followed by a decrease of both psychogenic involuntary movements and PNES at 5 weeks. At the same time, PTSD symptoms, dissociative symptoms, depression and alexithymia improved.Conclusion
PET-scan and tDCS seems to be promising tools for the evaluation and treatment of PNES in clinical practice, and may have a specific role on dissociative symptoms. 相似文献18.
Eliana Marisa Ramos Deepika Reddy Dokuru Victoria Van Berlo Kevin Wojta Qing Wang Alden Y. Huang Zachary A. Miller Anna M. Karydas Eileen H. Bigio Emily Rogalski Sandra Weintraub Benjamin Rader Bruce L. Miller Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini Marek-Marsel Mesulam Giovanni Coppola 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2019,15(4):553-560
Introduction
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurological syndrome, associated with both frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, in which progressive language impairment emerges as the most salient clinical feature during the initial stages of disease.Methods
We screened the main genes associated with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia for pathogenic and risk variants in a cohort of 403 PPA cases.Results
In this case series study, 14 (3.5%) cases carried (likely) pathogenic variants: four C9orf72 expansions, nine GRN, and one TARDBP mutation. Rare risk variants, TREM2 R47H and MAPT A152T, were associated with a three- to seven-fold increase in risk for PPA.Discussion
Our results show that while pathogenic variants within the most common dementia genes were rarely associated with PPA, these were found almost exclusively in GRN and C9orf72, suggesting that PPA is more TDP43- than tau-related in our series. This is consistent with the finding that PPA frequency in dominantly inherited dementias is the highest in kindreds with GRN variants. 相似文献19.
Thanh G.N. Ton Thomas DeLeire Suepattra G. May Ningqi Hou Mahlet G. Tebeka Er Chen Joshua Chodosh 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(3):217-224
Introduction
Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are at elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.Methods
With data from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, we used the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes classifications to conduct a cross-sectional analysis assessing the relationship between cognitive state and various direct and indirect costs and health care utilization patterns.Results
Patients with aMCI had less medical expenditures than patients with moderate and severe AD dementia (P < .001) and were also significantly less likely to have been hospitalized (P = .04) and admitted to nursing home (P < .001). Compared to individuals with normal cognition, patients with aMCI had significantly less household income (P = .018).Discussion
Patients with aMCI had lower medical expenditures than patients with AD dementia. Poor cognitive status was linearly associated with lower household income, higher medical expenditures, higher likelihood of nursing and home care services, and lower likelihood of outpatient visits. 相似文献20.
Matteo Franza Giuliana Sorrentino Matteo Vissani Andrea Serino Olaf Blanke Michela Bassolino 《Brain stimulation》2019,12(3):693-701