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1.
Baruch Vainshelboim Ricardo M. Lima Elisabeth Edvardsen Jonathan Myers 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):403-407
Objectives
To evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality in men.Design
Prospective cohort study.Methods
Maximal exercise testing was performed in 4920 men (59.2 ± 11.4 years) free from malignancy at baseline. Multivariate Cox hazard models adjusted for established cancer risk factors including smoking were analyzed for lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality among those who were diagnosed with lung cancer. Population attributable risks (PAR) of low CRF (<5 METs) were determined.Results
During 12.7 ± 7.5 years follow-up, 105 (2.1%) participants were diagnosed with lung cancer and 83 (79%) of those died from cancer after 3.6 ± 4.6 years from diagnosis. CRF was inversely and independently associated with cancer outcomes. A 1-MET increase and categories of moderate and high CRF were associated with 10%, 47% and 65% reduction in lung cancer incidence (p = 0.002), and 13%, 58% and 76% reduction in cancer mortality (p = 0.002), respectively. Also, individuals who were diagnosed with lung cancer and were at moderate or high CRF categories at baseline exhibited longer survival time (p < 0.001). The PARs% for lung cancer incidence and cancer mortality were 8.7% and 18.5%, respectively.Conclusions
Higher CRF is associated with lower lung cancer incidence in men. Among individuals who were diagnosed with lung cancer, higher CRF was associated with reduced cancer mortality and longer survival time. These results support the protective benefits of higher CRF in the prevention of lung cancer outcomes. Eliminating low CRF as a risk factor would potentially prevent considerable lung cancer morbidity and mortality. 相似文献2.
Erin K. Howie Leo Ng Darren Beales Joanne A. McVeigh Leon M. Straker 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):456-461
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify early life factors that were associated with childhood and adolescent organized sport participation trajectories.Design
Participants were in the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort in Western Australia recruited from 1989 to 1991.Methods
Three organized sport trajectories over ages 5–17 years were previously identified for girls (n = 824: consistent participators, dropouts, and non-participators in sport) and boys (n = 855: consistent participators, dropouts, joiners — those who joined sport in adolescence). Physical, psychological and social factors were measured from birth to age 5.Results
For girls and boys, children who were breastfed, were taller, did not have behavior problems, and attended childcare were more likely to consistently participate. Girls who had a previous injury (Relative risk ratio 1.55: 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.29 vs never been injured) or who had parents who had worries about their child’s health (1.56: 1.00, 2.42 vs no worries) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory. Boys born preterm (2.00, 2.06, 3.76 vs full-term), did not have a previous injury (0.72, 0.53, 0.97 those with injury vs never been injured), had more difficult temperament (1.63, 1.02, 2.60 vs easy temperament), and higher family dysfunction (1.49, 1.06, 2.08) were more likely to be in the dropout trajectory.Conclusions
Early life factors were associated with membership in sport trajectories. Physical, psychological, and social factors may serve as early warning signs for parents and practitioners that children may be at higher risk of dropping out of sports. 相似文献3.
Sally J. McLaine Marie-Louise Bird Karen A. Ginn Thomas Hartley James W. Fell 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):516-520
Objectives
To determine the relationship and predictive value of isometric shoulder strength in the development of shoulder pain in young swimmers.Design
Prospective, cohort study.Methods
Shoulder flexion, extension, external and internal rotation strength tests were performed in elevation on 85 swimmers (14–20 years; 48 females) without current shoulder pain using a hand-held dynamometer. Following testing, swimmers were emailed questionnaires to determine if significant shoulder pain developed within 24 months subsequent to testing. The differences between shoulders that did and did not develop pain and the predictive ability of shoulder strength and strength ratios were investigated using Mann Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic curves.Results
Thirty-seven swimmers (47%) returned questionnaires and 18 reported shoulder pain. A comparison of individual shoulders (27 with pain reported and 47 without) determined that shoulder extension strength was lower and flexion:extension strength ratio was higher for male swimmers (n = 36 shoulders) who reported shoulder pain compared to those who did not (p = 0.04). The predictive value of extension strength was fair (0.72; p = 0.03) for males with a cut-off value for extension strength calculated at 13.5% body mass. There were no differences between the two groups in shoulder rotation strength, age, training hours or previous pain history.Conclusions
Shoulder extension strength, a functional test for swimmers, was associated with and predictive of the development of shoulder pain in male swimmers. Low shoulder extension strength may be a risk factor for the development of shoulder pain in swimmers, proposing a direction for injury prevention and future investigation. 相似文献4.
Objective
To examine the association between sedentary leisure-time and all-cause mortality and differences in survival time.Design
Prospective cohort study.Methods
Information on sedentary leisure-time, defined as TV viewing and/or sitting reading, was collected from 72 003 Swedish adults who were 45–83 (median 60) years of age and completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and were followed up for 17 years through linkage with the Swedish Death Register.Results
The association between sedentary leisure-time and all-cause mortality was modified by age with a more pronounced association in middle-aged (<60 years of age) than in older adults (≥60 years of age) (p-interaction < 0.001). During follow-up, 3358 and 15 217 deaths occurred in the middle-aged and older age group, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for the highest (>6 h/day) versus lowest category (<1 h/day) of sedentary leisure-time were 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.30) in middle-aged adults and 1.19 (95% CI 1.05–1.36) in older adults. This corresponded to a difference in survival time of respectively 2.4 (95% CI ?4.1 to ?0.8) years and 1.5 (95% CI ?2.2 to ?0.7) years.Conclusions
Prolonged sedentary leisure-time was associated with a significantly decreased survival time up to 2.4 years in middle-aged adults. 相似文献5.
Carol M. House Michael J. Tipton Philip M. Hopkins Daniel Roiz de Sa 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):586-590
Objectives
The study was undertaken to compare the thermal and biochemical responses to a heat tolerance test (HTT) of malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible individuals, volunteers who have suffered heat illness (HI) and control volunteers.Methods
Three groups of male volunteers (n = 6 in each group) were recruited to the study: MHS — civilian volunteers previously diagnosed as MH susceptible; EHI — military volunteers with a history of exertional HI; CON — military volunteers with no history of HI or MH.For the HTT, volunteers walked on a treadmill at 60% maximal oxygen uptake in a hot environment. Measurements were made of core and skin temperatures, heat flow, whole body sweat rate and serum lactate, creatine kinase and myoglobin concentrations.Results
There were no differences in deep body temperature, oxygen uptake or serum lactate and creatine kinase concentrations between the three groups. One MHS volunteer and two EHI volunteers failed to achieve thermal balance with rectal temperature continuing to rise throughout the test and reaching 39.5 °C, the rectal temperatures of the other volunteers plateaued at a mean (SD) of 38.7 (0.4)°C demonstrating thermal tolerance on this test. Serum myoglobin concentration and the increase in serum myoglobin was higher in MHS than EHI and CON Post HHT (P < 0.05).Conclusion
MH susceptibility does not always predispose an individual to heat intolerance during an acute HTT, but does appear to increase muscle breakdown. The inclusion of serum myoglobin measurements to a HTT may help to distinguish patients that are potentially MHS, and who otherwise demonstrate thermal tolerance. 相似文献6.
Luke Hogarth Carl Payton Vaughan Nicholson Jemima Spathis Sean Tweedy Mark Connick Emma Beckman Peter Van de Vliet Brendan Burkett 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):526-531
Objectives
The International Paralympic Committee has mandated that International Sport Federations develop sport-specific classification systems that are evidence-based. This study examined the predictive and convergent validity of instrumented tapping tasks to classify motor coordination impairments in Para swimming.Design
Cross-sectional.Methods
Thirty non-disabled participants and twenty-one Para swimmers with brain injury completed several instrumented tapping tasks as an assessment of upper and lower limb motor coordination. Para swimmers also completed a maximal freestyle swim to obtain a performance measure. The predictive and convergent validity of instrumented tapping tasks was examined by establishing differences in test measures between participants with and without brain injury and defining the strength of association between test measures and maximal freestyle swim speed in Para swimmers, respectively.Results
Random forest successfully classified 96% of participants with and without brain injury using test measures derived from instrumented tapping tasks. Most test measures had moderate to high correlations (r = 0.54 to 0.72; p < 0.01) with maximal freestyle swim speed and collectively explained up to 72% of the variance in maximal freestyle swim performance in Para swimmers with brain injury.Conclusions
The results of this study evidence the predictive and convergent validity of instrumented tapping tasks to classify motor coordination impairments in Para swimmers with brain injury. These tests can be included in revised Para swimming classification to improve the objectivity and transparency in determining athlete eligibility and sport class for these Para athletes. 相似文献7.
Tara Reilly Evan Walsh Barry Stockbrugger 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):591-595
Objectives
The Canadian Army fitness objective is FORCE COMBAT?. This consists of a 5 km march (35 kg) between 50–60 min, and the annual FORCE physical employment standard as a circuit without the usual 5 min rest intervals (FORCE circuit) in full fighting order (25 kg). The objective of this research was to determine the number of practice attempts required to establish reliability of FORCE COMBAT?. Additionally, this study aims to identify the minimal detectable change once reliability is established.Design
The study used a within participant design.Methods
33 Canadian Army members were divided into two groups. Group 1 performed four maximum effort attempts of FORCE COMBAT? completely. Group 2 performed only the FORCE circuit component, not the loaded march. On the fifth trial, the tasks of the groups were switched. Variability within and between trials of the FORCE circuit of FORCE COMBAT? were analysed based on six statistical factors of reliability.Results
Four statistical factors indicated that one maximal effort practice attempt of FORCE COMBAT? is required, as reflected in the variability of performance between trials 1 and 2. The minimum detectable change, highlighting inherent measurement error of the test was 89.18 s with 95% confidence.Conclusions
Results suggest that Canadian Army members should complete one FORCE COMBAT? in completion at maximal effort, before formal assessment. Further, members performing within 89 s of the recommended completion time, on FORCE COMBAT? should be offered a re-attempt (in its entirety). 相似文献8.
Robert C. Lynall J. Troy Blackburn Kevin M. Guskiewicz Stephen W. Marshall Prudence Plummer Jason P. Mihalik 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):503-508
Objectives
Despite evidence for increased musculoskeletal injury after concussion recovery, there is a lack of dynamic balance assessments that could inform management and research into this increased injury risk post-concussion. Our purpose was to identify tandem gait dynamic balance deficits in recreational athletes with a concussion history within the past 18-months compared to matched controls.Design
Cross-sectional, laboratory study.Methods
Fifteen participants with a concussion history (age: 19.7 ± 0.9 years; 9 females; median time since concussion 126 days, range 28–432 days), and 15 matched controls (19.7 ± 1.6 years; 9 females) with no recent concussion history participated. We measured center-of-pressure (COP) outcomes (velocity, path length, speed, dual-task cost) under 4 tandem gait conditions: (1) tandem gait, (2) tandem gait, eyes closed, (3) tandem gait, eyes open, cognitive distraction, and (4) tandem gait, eyes closed, cognitive distraction.Results
The concussion history group demonstrated slower tandem gait velocity compared to the control group (4.0 cm/s difference), thus velocity was used as a covariate when analyzing COP path length and speed. The concussion history group (23.5%) demonstrated greater COP speed dual-task cost than the control group (16.3%) during the eyes closed dual-task condition. No other comparisons were statistically significant.Conclusions
There may be subtle dynamic balance differences during tandem gait that are detectable after return-to-activity following concussion, but the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Longitudinal investigations should identify acute movement deficits in varying visual and cognitive scenarios after concussion in comparison with recovery on traditional concussion assessment tools while also recording musculoskeletal injury outcomes. 相似文献9.
Pontus Henriksson Marja H. Leppänen Hanna Henriksson Christine Delisle Nyström Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Anna Ek Jonatan R. Ruiz Francisco B. Ortega Marie Löf 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):574-579
Objectives
Although physical fitness is considered a marker of health in youth, little is known whether physical fitness in pre-school age is related to later body composition. Thus, this study investigated (i) associations of physical fitness at 4.5 years of age with body composition 12 months later and (ii) whether improvements in physical fitness during the 12-month follow-up were associated with changes in body composition.Design
This study included 142 children, measured at 4.5 and 5.5 years, from the control group of the MINISTOP trial.Methods
Physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength and motor fitness) was measured using the PREFIT test battery. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography.Results
In adjusted regression analyses, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness at 4.5 years were associated with a lower fat mass index at 5.5 years (standardized β= ?0.182 to ?0.229, p ≤ 0.028). Conversely, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness at 4.5 years of age were associated with a higher fat-free mass index (standardized β = 0.255–0.447, p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower-body muscular strength and motor fitness during the 12-month follow-up period were associated with decreases in fat mass index and/or % fat mass.Conclusions
In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence of the importance of physical fitness early in life. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to clarify the influence of physical fitness in the pre-school age with later health outcomes. 相似文献10.
Wen-Shiuan Shih Chueh-Hung Wu Tyng-Guey Wang 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):392-396
Objectives
Among symptomatic dancers, sonographic abnormalities are common. Whether asymptomatic dancers have any abnormalities remains unknown. Some dancers became cyanosis over distal feet after ballet training. The hemodynamic changes at the feet in ballet are not clearly understood.Design
Cross-sectional study.Methods
In 25 dancers and 14 non-dancers, B-mode ultrasonography was used to measure cross-sectional areas (CSA) of tendons of deep posterior compartment muscles. Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure peak velocity (Vpeak) of posterior tibial artery in three ankle postures: the neutral position, passively and forced actively plantar flexion (en pointe). The big toe oxygen saturation was recorded in neutral position and during 1-min en pointe. Single-leg standing heel rise test was performed to represent the muscle function.Results
The CSA of FHL was larger in dancers (0.26 cm2 [0.20, 0.30] vs 0.21 cm2 [0.17, 0.24], p < 0.01), while other tendons were not different (all p > 0.05). Higher Vpeak was recorded in passively plantar flexion than in neutral position (p < 0.01, in both groups). The blood flow was undetectable during en pointe, more frequently in dancers (54.9% vs 14.3%, p < 0.01). Oxygen saturation decreased during en pointe more prominently in dancers (85% [80, 90] vs 94% [84, 97], p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in muscle function.Conclusions
US showed the FHL tendon thickening and en pointe-related vascular compromise in pre-professional dancers, even when they are asymptomatic. 相似文献11.
Shaun Porter Noah D. Silverberg Naznin Virji-Babul 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):397-402
Objectives
To examine the neurophysiological correlates and brain network organization underlying physical and cognitive exertion in active young adults.Design
Repeated measures.Methods
Thirteen healthy adults completed three exertion tasks in a counterbalanced order: a graded working memory task (anti-saccade and serial addition task (ASAT)), a graded exercise task (cycling on a stationary bicycle) (EX) and a combined graded working memory and exercise task (ASAT + EX). All three tasks were performed under five levels of increasing difficulty. Continuous EEG was recorded in each session. Heart rate, perceived exertion and accuracy on the working memory task were recorded throughout. Power spectrum analysis and graph theoretical analysis was applied to the EEG data.Results
Heart rate and perceived exertion increased with exercise load and in both the EX only and ASAT + EX tasks. Overall accuracy was equally high for the ASAT and ASAT + EX tasks. Analysis of EEG data showed there was an increase in theta power associated with the ASAT + EX task and increase in functional connectivity in the frontal regions of the brain compared with ASAT only task. Accuracy decreased in the last two blocks when the task was most difficult. This decrease in accuracy was associated with a decrease in theta power and a decrease in functional connectivity.Conclusions
Combined physical and mental exertion results in significant changes in perceived exertion, EEG theta power and network organization in healthy adults and will be valuable in revealing residual neurocognitive deficits after sports related concussion. 相似文献12.
Andrew A. Flatt Daniel Howells Sean Williams 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):616-621
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate heart rate variability and athlete self-report measures of recovery status (ASRM) in response to consecutive domestic and international tournaments among an elite rugby sevens team.Design
Retrospective.Methods
Olympic-level rugby sevens players (n = 10) recorded post-waking natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and ASRM (sleep quality, energy, soreness, recovery and mood) throughout a 1-week baseline period and daily thereafter throughout a domestic and subsequent international tournament, separated by five days. Linear mixed models and Hedge’s effect sizes?± 95% confidence interval (ES ± 95% CI) were used to evaluate variation in LnRMSSD and ASRM relative to baseline.Results
Decrements in various ASRM were observed in response to both tournaments (ES = ?0.80 ± 0.91 to ?1.73 ± 1.03, p < 0.05) and international travel (ES = ?1.03 ± 0.93 to ?1.70 ± 1.02, p < 0.05) whereas decrements in LnRMSSD were only observed in response to the international tournament (ES = ?0.89 ± 0.92 to ?1.21 ± 0.96, p = 0.02–0.07). No clear differences in internal or external match-load parameters were observed between tournaments (ES = ?0.35 ± 0.88 to 0.13 ± 0.88, p > 0.05).Conclusions
Greater decrements in cardiac-autonomic activity were observed in response to an international tournament relative to a domestic tournament, despite no difference in match-physical demands. Thus, factors separate from competition alone may impact players’ cardiac-autonomic response to an international tournament. 相似文献13.
Johna K. Register-Mihalik Kenneth L. Cameron Melissa C. Kay Zachary Y. Kerr Karen Y. Peck Megan N. Houston Laura A. Linnan Heidi Hennink-Kaminski Paula Gildner Steven J. Svoboda Stephen W. Marshall 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):509-515
Objectives
Non-disclosure of concussion complicates concussion management, but almost nothing is known about non-disclosure in military settings. This study describes concussion disclosure-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, perceived control, and intention. Additionally, the study identifies determinants of high intention to disclose concussion symptoms.Design
Cross sectional survey.Methods
First-year service academy cadets completed a cross-sectional survey to assess perceptions of concussion disclosure. Independent variables included: gender, race, ethnicity, high school athlete status, NCAA athlete status, previous concussion history, previous concussion education, socioeconomic proxy, concussion-related knowledge, attitudes about concussion, perceived social norms (perceived peer/organizational support and actions), and perceived control over disclosure. Log-binomial regression was used to identify determinants of high intention to disclose concussion symptoms.Results
A total of 972 first-year military service academy cadets completed the survey [85% response; age = 18.4 ± 0.9 y]. In the simple models, previous concussion history was associated with lower intention to disclose concussion symptoms. High perceived control over disclosure, higher concussion knowledge, more favorable attitudes and social norms about concussion were associated with high intention to disclose. In the multivariable model, a 10% shift towards more favorable perceived social norms (PR = 1.28; p < 0.001) and attitudes (PR = 1.07; p = 0.05) about concussion were associated with high intention to disclose concussion symptoms. High perceived control over disclosure was associated with high intention to disclose concussion symptoms (PR = 1.39; p = 0.08).Conclusions
Concussion-related perceived social norms, attitudes, and perceived control are associated with intention to disclose. Organizationally appropriate intervention strategies can be developed from these data. 相似文献14.
Amanda J.L. Watson Anna Timperio Helen Brown Kylie D. Hesketh 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):438-443
Objectives
To assess the feasibility and efficacy of a 6-week pilot active break program (ACTI-BREAK) on academic achievement, classroom behaviour and physical activity.Design
Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.Methods
374 children in Year 3 and 4 (74% response) were recruited from six schools across Melbourne, Australia. Schools were randomised to the ACTI-BREAK intervention or usual teaching practice. The intervention involved teachers incorporating 3 × 5 min active breaks into their classroom routine daily. Academic achievement was assessed using 1-min tests in reading and mathematics; classroom behaviour at the individual and whole class level was observed by teachers; and physical activity levels were assessed using accelerometers. Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models were conducted using intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses.Results
Significant intervention effects were found for classroom behaviour at the individual level (ITT B = 16.17; 95% CI: 6.58, 25.76); effects were stronger for boys (B = 21.42; 95% CI: 10.34, 32.49) than girls (B = 12.23; 95% CI: 1.52, 22.92). No effect was found for classroom behaviour at the whole class level, reading, math or physical activity. PP findings were similar.Conclusions
Implementing active breaks during class time may improve classroom behaviour, particularly for boys. There was no evidence to suggest that implementing active breaks had any adverse effect on academic achievement or classroom behaviour, which may encourage classroom teachers to incorporate active breaks into their routine. 相似文献15.
S.F. Marco-Doménech P. Fernández-García A. Navarro-Ballester M. Cifrián-Pérez Á. Escobar-Valero M.V. Ibáñez-Gual 《Radiologia》2019,61(2):153-160
Objective
Using a hydrogel plug decreases the number of cases of pneumothorax and reduces the need for pleural drainage tubes in CT-guided lung biopsies. We aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of using hydrogel plugs.Material and methods
We analyzed 171 lung biopsies divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 22): fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) without hydrogel plugs; Group 2 (n = 89): FNAC with hydrogel plugs; and Group 3 (n = 60): FNAC plus core-needle biopsy (CNB) with hydrogel plugs. We calculated the total costs (direct and indirect) in the three groups. We analyzed the percentage of correct diagnoses, the average and incremental rations, and the most cost-effective option.Results
Total costs: Group 1 = 1,261.28 + 52.65 = € 1,313.93; Group 2 = 1,201.36 + 67.25 = € 1,268.61; Group 3 = 1,220.22 + 47.20 = € 1,267.42. Percentage of correct diagnoses: Group 1 = 77.3%, Group 2 = 85.4%, and Group 3 = 95% (p = 0.04). Average cost-effectiveness ratio: Group 1 = 16.99; Group 2 = 14.85; and Group 3 = 13.34.Conclusions
Group 3 was the best option, with the lowest average cost-effectiveness ratio; therefore, the most cost-effective approach is to do FNAC and CNB using a dehydrated hydrogel plug at the end of the procedure. 相似文献16.
Joseph M. Northey Kate L. Pumpa Clare Quinlan Ashley Ikin Kellie Toohey Disa J. Smee Ben Rattray 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):580-585
Objectives
The current study investigated the effects of two exercise interventions on cognitive function amongst breast cancer survivors.Design
Pilot randomised-controlled trial.Methods
Seventeen female cancer survivors (mean: 62.9 ± 7.8 years) were randomised into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 6); moderate-intensity continuous training (MOD, n = 5); or wait-list control (CON, n = 6). The HIIT and MOD groups exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes were cognitive function assessments utilising CogState. Secondary outcomes were resting middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, cerebrovascular reactivity and aerobic fitness (VO2peak). Data were analysed with General Linear Mixed Models and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated.Results
All 17 participants who were randomised were available for follow-up analysis and adherence was similar for HIIT and MOD (78.7 ± 13.2% vs 79.4 ± 12.0%; p = 0.93). Although there were no significant differences in the cognitive and cerebrovascular outcomes, HIIT produced moderate to large positive effects in comparison to MOD and CON for outcomes including episodic memory, working memory, executive function, cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity. HIIT significantly increased VO2peak by 19.3% (d = 1.28) and MOD had a non-significant 5.6% (d = 0.72) increase, compared to CON which had a 2.6% decrease.Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence that HIIT may be an effective exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance, cerebrovascular function and aerobic fitness in breast cancer survivors. Considering the sample size is small, these results should be confirmed through larger clinical trials. 相似文献17.
Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik Mary-Jessica Nancy Laguette Waldemar Moska Magdalena Weber-Rajek Krzysztof Ficek Ryszard Puchala Paweł Cięszczyk Marek Sawczuk Alison Victoria September Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):408-412
Objectives
To investigate the role of inter-individual variations in a particular glycoprotein, TNC, and its potential contribution to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury susceptibility in Polish Caucasian participants. ACL rupture is one of the most prevalent and severe knee injury that predominantly occurs during sports participation, primarily via a non-contact mechanism. Several polymorphisms in genes encoding glycoproteins either independently or as allelic combinations, modulate the risk of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Specifically, the TNC rs1330363 (C > T), rs2104772 (T > A) and rs13321 (G > C) variants, independently or in haplotype combinations, were analysed in this context.Design
Case–control genetic association study.Methods
A group of 421 physically active, unrelated participants were recruited where 229 individuals with surgically diagnosed primary ACL rupture and 192 apparently healthy participants without any history of ACL injuries. Participants were genotyped for the above variants.Results
Genotype and allele frequencies of TNC variants did not differ between cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed no association between TNC and predisposition to ACL rupture.Conclusions
Our analyses did not reveal a significant association between these TNC variants and risk of ACL rupture in Polish Caucasian participants. 相似文献18.
Narelle Eather Nicholas Riley Andrew Miller Veronica Smith Ashleigh Poole Lisa Vincze Philip J. Morgan David R. Lubans 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):596-601
Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of an 8-week high-intensity interval training program (Uni-HIIT) for young adult students in a university setting.Design
Randomised controlled trial.Method
Uni-HIIT was conducted at the University of Newcastle, Australia (February-June, 2017). Participants were university students 18-25yrs (n = 53; 20.38 ± 1.88yrs) randomized into the Uni HIIT program (n = 26) or wait-list control (n = 27) condition. Participants were required to attend up to three HIIT sessions/week for 8-weeks which included a variety of aerobic and muscular fitness exercise combinations lasting 8–12 minutes (using 30:30 sec rest:work intervals). The primary outcome was cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) (20mSRT), and secondary outcomes included muscular fitness (standing jump, push-ups), body composition (InBody), executive function (Trail Making Test), anxiety levels (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale). Linear mixed models were used to analyse outcomes and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated. Process evaluation measures of recruitment, retention, attendance and satisfaction were conducted.Results
A large significant group-by-time effect resulted for CRF [8.4 shuttles (95% CI(2.9-13.9), P = 0.004,d = 1.08] and muscular fitness [4.0 repetitions (95% CI(1.2-6.8), P = 0.006,d = 0.99], and moderate effect size was observed for Trail B [-5.9 seconds (95% CI(-11.8-0.1.0), P = 0.052, d = 0.63]. No significant intervention effects were found for body composition, standing jump, anxiety or perceived stress (P > 0.05). High ratings of participant satisfaction (4.73), enjoyment (4.54) and perceived value (4.54) were observed.Conclusion
This study demonstrates the efficacy and feasibility of delivering a novel HIIT program in the university setting. 相似文献19.
Melinda Craike Helena Britt Alexandra Parker Christopher Harrison 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):478-483
Objectives
Physical activity is essential in the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases and should be a standard component of clinical care. The aims of this study were to examine the trends and characteristics of referrals to exercise physiologists in routine care in a nationally representative sample of general practitioners (GPs) in Australia.Design
This prospective study was an analysis of Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) GP data from April 2009 to March 2016.Methods
In total, each of 6827 randomly sampled GPs recorded details of 100 consecutive encounters (N = 682,700). The rate of exercise physiologist referrals was calculated by patient and GP characteristics.Results
Over the study period, the rate at which GPs referred their patients significantly increased from 0.38 to 1.44 per 1000 encounters. Patients aged 45–64 years were most likely to be referred (1.32 per 1000 encounters). Patients from non-English-speaking backgrounds were referred at less than half the rate (0.41 per 1000) of those from English speaking backgrounds (0.96). Female GPs referred patients (1.27 per 1000 encounters) twice as often as male GPs (0.64). One-third (35.3%) of GP referrals were made for problems relating to the endocrine, nutritional and metabolic systems (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus); only 1.6% of referrals were made for mental health conditions.Conclusions
Although increasing, the rate of GP referral to exercise physiologists was low and associated with patient and GP characteristics. Education of GPs about the role of exercise physiologists in the prevention and management of chronic disease is needed. 相似文献20.
S. Kierkegaard I. Mechlenburg B. Lund L. Rømer K. Søballe U. Dalgas 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):413-419