Anticoagulant-induced pseudothrombocytopenia occurring after transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) is the in vitro phenomenon of anticoagulant-activated platelet agglutination that results in spuriously low platelet counts. We report the case of a 65-year-old man with EDTA- and sodium citrate-dependent PTCP occurring after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to hepatitis C cirrhosis. Invasion of the portal and hepatic veins by HCC formed severe trans-tumoral arterio-venous shunts that were effectively treated by TAE. Two days after the therapy, PTCP was seen on blood count and continued for 4 months. The patient received unnecessary treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) until the diagnosis of PTCP was established. PTCP is a rare complication but should be considered after TAE for HCC; lack of recognition may lead the physician to misdiagnosis and patient mismanagement.     

射频消融术联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的临床效果

目的探讨射频消融术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞对肝癌的治疗效果。方法25例肝癌患者共34个瘤灶,中等大小肿瘤(3 cm~5 cm)9个,大肿瘤(>5.1 cm)25个。射频消融术后2~10周行肝动脉化疗栓塞术。治疗效果采用增强CT扫描和临床随访评估。结果射频消融术后CT扫描见治疗区仍有残留癌灶。化疗栓塞后CT扫描见大部分残留癌灶碘油沉积良好。16例患者AFP转阴或明显下降。24例获随访,累计生存率>1年(87.9%),>2年(70.8%)。结论射频消融术后联合肝动脉化疗栓塞是治疗肝癌的有效方法。     

顺铂微球肝动脉栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床应用

目的：总结分析顺铂微球肝动脉栓塞术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。材料与方法：临床顺铂微球肝动脉栓塞治疗肝癌１８例，男１４例，女４例，经选择性肝动脉插管注入顺铂微球５０ｍｇ～１００ｍｇ至肿瘤供血动脉，１８例共栓塞治疗４１次，其中治疗３次８例，２次７例，１次３例。结果：栓塞后ＤＳＡ动脉造影表现为肿瘤血管明显减少，消失，肿瘤染色变浅，缩小，肿瘤供血动脉变细，其它部位出现新病灶，肝动脉－门静脉瘘，肝动脉血流重新分配，无侧支形成，综合评价，显效８例，有效７例，稳定３例，随访生存２年４例，１年半５例，１年４例，半年３例，失访２例，结论：顺铂微球栓塞于小动脉，且于局部缓释出顺铂并保持高浓度具有化疗性栓塞作用，治疗肝癌疗效明显     

Emergency transcatheter embolization of ruptured hepatocellular carcinomas with tortuous conventional or aberrant hepatic vascular anatomy,or parasitic supply

Emergency transcatheter embolization is a well‐recognized measure to manage patients with life‐threatening haemoperitoneum due to spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. Traditional embolization technique is to embolize the proper hepatic artery or the segmental hepatic artery by femoral approach using gelfoam pledgets. From 1997 to 2004, in 19 out of 96 embolizations, the embolization technique had to be modified because of tortuous conventional or aberrant hepatic vascular anatomy or parasitic supply to achieve successful embolization.     

Midterm outcomes in patients with intermediate‐sized hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

To improve the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of intermediate‐sized hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), the authors compared RFA combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) to RFA alone.

METHODS:

The authors randomly assigned 37 patients with solitary HCCs (diameter, 3.1‐5.0 cm in the greatest dimension) to 2 groups: the TACE‐RFA group, in which the patients received TACE followed by RFA on the same day, and the RFA group, in which the patients received only RFA.

RESULTS:

Technical success was achieved after 1.4 ± 0.5 RFA sessions in the RFA group and after 1.1 ± 0.2 RFA sessions in the TACE‐RFA group (P < .01). The mean diameters of the longer and shorter axes of the RFA‐induced ablated areas were 50 ± 8.0 mm and 41 ± 7.1 mm, respectively, in the RFA group and 58 ± 13.2 mm and 50 ± 11.3 mm, respectively, in the TACE‐RFA group; the mean diameters of the shorter axes were significantly different (P = .012). The rates of local tumor progression at the end of the third year in the RFA and TACE‐RFA groups were 39% and 6%, respectively (P = .012). The 3‐year survival rates of the patients in the RFA and TACE‐RFA groups were 80% and 93%, respectively (P = .369).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with intermediate‐sized HCCs, RFA combined with TACE is more effective than RFA alone for extending the ablated area in fewer treatment sessions and for decreasing the local tumor progression rate. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进的疗效分析

目的:探讨肝炎肝硬化后肝癌患者伴有脾功能亢进行部分脾动脉栓塞术(partial splenic embdization,PSE)治疗的临床疗效。方法:收集2013年3月至2017年3月间就诊于我院并经临床、生化检验和病理证实为肝细胞癌、脾功能亢进的患者24例,影像学及临床资料完整,总结脾动脉栓塞术的有效性及影响疗效的因素。结果:24例患者中男性16例,女性8例,年龄38~77岁,平均年龄(55.5±9.87)岁,均进行肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗,其中栓塞比率＜50%的9例,50%~70%的8例,＞70%的7例,栓塞体积最大约1 261.30 ml,最小约118.40 ml,平均约(427.02±256.93) ml,术后患者白细胞（WBC）及血小板(PLT)较前可见明显提高,PLT升高值、PLT升高比及WBC升高比同脾脏栓塞比率及栓塞体积呈明显相关,中性粒细胞(NE)升高比同栓塞体积呈明显相关,淋巴细胞(LYM)升高比及血红蛋白(Hb)升高比同栓塞比率明显相关。结论:PSE治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进安全、有效,栓塞的百分比及栓塞的体积为PSE治疗效果的主要影响因素。     

恩度肝动脉灌注联合介入化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌的临床观察

Objective:To study the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion of Endostatin(YH-16,Endostar),combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) on advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Thirty patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in the study.The patients received hepatic arterial infusion of Endostar combined with TACE.The efficacy was evaluated strictly after 1-2 cycles according to RECIST criteria and the value of AFP;quality of life(QOL) was evaluated according to Karnofsky scores.Adverse effects were evaluated too.Results:29 cases' efficacy was evaluated among the total 30 cases.The KPS were significantly increased after the treatment(80.39 ± 8.37 vs 73.93 ± 9.22,P = 0.002).Compared with control group,the objective response rate(CR and PR) and the rate of AFP negative changed were significantly higher(P = 0.021,P = 0.046).The adverse effects were not obvious.Conclusion:The QOL and preliminary efficiency of patients of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma may be improved by hepatic arterial infusion of Endostar combined with TACE,the rate of AFP negative changed were significantly higher too,and there are little of adverse effects.It is worthy to clinical generalization and further clinical observation.     

肝癌术后肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗患者肿瘤复发的影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响肝癌术后经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗(TACE)患者肿瘤复发的危险因素.方法 选择并收集200例肝癌患者的年龄、性别等一般人口学特征和临床特征资料并对患者进行随访追踪,采用Logistic逐步回归分析法分析肿瘤复发的影响因素.结果 在200例患者中130例有肿瘤复发,占65.0％.Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,血管癌栓(OR=3.796;95％CI:1.871～7.702)、侵透肝被膜(OR=3.340;95％CI:1.067～10.451)、肝硬化(OR=2.790;95％CI:1.771～4.396)、包膜完整性(OR=2.048;95％CI:1.273～3.298)和最大癌结节直径(OR=1.739;95％CI:1.014～2.980)是肝癌术后TACE治疗患者肿瘤复发的危险因素.结论 肝癌术后TACE治疗患者的肿瘤复发率较高,术前有无血管癌栓、侵透肝被膜和肝硬化,包膜是否完整,以及肿瘤的直径等均会影响肿瘤复发,临床需要加强患者术后复诊和康复治疗.     

射频消融联合肝动脉栓塞化疗治疗原发性肝癌的系统评价

目的:系统评价射频消融(RFA)联合肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carci-noma,HCC)的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国知网数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库,检索时间从数据库建库至2011年12月20日,同时辅助其它检索,纳入RFA联合TACE治疗HCC的临床对照试验。评价纳入研究的质量并提取资料,并用RevMan 5.1软件进行统计分析。结果:共纳入14篇临床对照试验,分析结果显示:与单纯TACE相比,TACE联合RFA能提高HCC治疗的有效率(RR=1.21,95%CI:1.13-1.31,P<0.001)和肿瘤完全坏死率(RR=1.95,95%CI:1.22-3.10,P=0.005),提高AFP转阴率(RR=2.13,95%CI:1.04-4.38,P=0.04)及患者1年(RR=1.38,95%CI:1.18-1.60,P<0.0001)、2年(RR=1.6 6,9 5%CI:1.3 9-1.9 9,P<0.0 0 0 0 1)、3年(RR=2.11,95%CI:1.57-2.84,P<0.00001)生存率,降低癌症复发率(RR=0.55,95%CI:0.33-0.91,P=0.02)。结论:TACE联合RFA可提高HCC治疗有效率和生存率,降低复发率,值得临床推广使用。     

Antiangiogenic therapy enhances the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinomas

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is a well-established technique for unresectable hepatic malignancies. However, TAE can temporally halt the growth of hepatic tumors by blocking their arterial supply, but often tumors rapidly develop collateral blood vessels via angiogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that intraportal delivery of adeno-associated viral particles expressing angiostatin leads to long-term expression of angiostatin capable of inhibiting angiogenesis and suppressing the outgrowth of tumors in the liver. Thus, we hypothesize that adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated antiangiogenic therapy could enhance the efficacy of TAE to combat liver cancers. To achieve this objective, we engineered a recombinant AAV vector encoding rat angiostatin. Intraportal delivery of this vector led to long term and stable transgenic expression of angiostatin locally in rat hepatocytes and suppressed the growth of CBRH7919 hepatocellular carcinomas established in rat livers by inhibiting formation of neovessels. Although TAE therapy led to necrosis of liver tumors and suppressed their growth, the neovessels of tumors were rapidly reformed 3 weeks after TAE. However, intraportal injection of AAV-angiostatin inhibited the angiogenesis stimulated by TAE, synergized with TAE in suppressing growth of tumors established in livers and prolonged the survival of rats. In conclusion, these encouraging results warrant future investigation of the use of antiangiogenic therapy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of TAE to treat unresectable liver cancers.     

肝癌术后复发患者96例临床分析

目的探讨如何选择肝癌术后复发患者的治疗方式。方法回顾性分析2007年4月至2012年3月间在我院进行肝癌切除手术后发现复发并接受治疗的96例患者的临床资料。患者分为二次手术组、射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)组和肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)组,分析治疗方式与临床特征间的关系及对生存的影响。结果各组肝癌术后复发患者的各项临床资料基本无差异,只有肿瘤直径,术中出血量和切缘有显著性差异。但二次手术组患者的无病生存时间和复发后生存时间及总生存时间均高于RFA组和TACE组。结论手术切除在治疗肝癌复发时依然是最佳选择。无法进行二次手术的患者,采取RFA和TACE治疗,复发后生存时间无差异。     

Breast carcinoma at the extremes of age: a comparison of patients younger than 35 years and older than 75 years

We assessed the prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma at the extremes of the age distribution of the disease. The groups examined were 166 women 35 years or less and 169 at least 75 years old. Analysis of recurrence and survival showed no significant difference between the groups as a whole or when they were stratified by nodal status. Life expectancy of elderly women with breast carcinoma was significantly reduced when compared with a "normal" age-matched population. Medullary carcinoma was more frequent in young women while a relatively higher proportion of colloid and invasive lobular carcinoma occurred in elderly women. Bilateral carcinoma was found with nearly equal frequency in both age groups. However, elderly women were more likely to have been treated previously for contralateral carcinoma while young women tended to develop asynchronous, subsequent carcinoma.     

超早期肝动脉栓塞抢救肝癌破裂出血的临床意义

目的研究经导管肝动脉栓塞(TAE)抢救肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)自发性破裂出血的方法及效果。方法对15例HCC自发性破裂出血患者行急诊肝动脉插管,联合运用明胶海绵,碘油,真丝线段,弹簧钢圈作出血动脉分支栓塞治疗。结果15例行TAE后出血均得到完全控制。除1例术后第5天死于严重肝肾功能衰竭外,其余14例均存活3月以上,1例随访30个月仍存活。结论用多种栓塞剂行急诊TAE治疗可使HCC自发性破裂出血立即止血。其适应症宽,创伤小,是安全、可靠、简便的抢救手段,且明显优于外科方法。     

CTP对实施TACE治疗的大肝癌患者疗效评估的临床价值

目的 探讨全肝CT灌注(CTP)成像对大肝癌患者经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗的临床价值.方法 选取采用TACE治疗的60例大肝癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者分别于治疗前、治疗后4周应用CTP,观察CTP参数的变化,参照RECIST实体瘤疗效评价标准,将60例患者分为有效组、无效组,对比CTP参数.结果术后4周,60例患者的CTP参数BF、BV、PS、MTT、HAF均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);CR患者8例(13.33％),PR患者34例(56.67％),SD患者13例(21.67％),PD患者5例(8.33％);治疗有效42例,无效18例.TACE治疗有效患者CTP参数BF、BV、PS、MTT、HAF均明显低于治疗无效患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).结论 CTP评价大肝癌患者TACE术后病灶变化及疗效具有重要的临床价值.     

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy

Aim: The effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy on hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with prior resolved hepatitis B is not fully understood. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, 43 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative/anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) positive patients with newly diagnosed unresectable HCC were enrolled in the study. All underwent TACE therapy. Results: Four patients (9.3%) developed HBV reactivation with mild/moderate hepatitis. The median number of TACE cycles received was 3.5 (range 3–4 cycles). The median time interval between the occurrence of HBV reactivation and the completion of TACE therapy was 3 months (range 1–5 months) and their median HBV DNA level was 1.58 × 10⁴ IU/mL (range, 1.65 × 10³–6.42 × 10⁴ IU/mL). After the introduction of lamivudine at the occurrence of HBV reactivation, all had resolution of hepatitis. An exploratory analysis indicated that significant predictors of HBV reactivation included increased serum total bilirubin coexisting with cirrhosis and the total number of cycles of TACE received. Conclusion: The administration of TACE therapy may increase the risk of HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/anti‐HBc‐positive patients diagnosed with unresectable HCC. Further studies are warranted to explore the optimal management of HBV reactivation in patients with prior resolved hepatitis B.     

Excellent outcomes with angiographic subsegmentectomy in the treatment of typical hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

The authors successfully adopted an interesting and effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) referred to as angiographic subsegmentectomy (AS). This treatment involved simultaneous embolization of the peripheral feeding artery and the portal vein. The result was that almost all of the HCC and peripheral liver parenchyma developed complete anatomic necrosis.

METHODS:

To determine the effectiveness of this method, the authors retrospectively studied the local recurrence rates of 49 solitary HCCs and the long‐term survival rates of 120 patients with HCC between 2000 and 2008.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that, in 31 small, solitary HCCs (<2.0 cm), the local recurrence rate was only 9.6%; and, in 10 slightly larger HCCs (<3.0 cm), the local recurrence rate was only 10%. The 5‐year, 8‐year, and 10‐year survival rates for patients with stage I and stage I/Child‐Pugh grade A HCC were 74.27% and 77.65%, 53.05% and 51.76%, and 53% and 51.76%, respectively; and the 5‐year, 8‐year, and 10‐year survival rates for patients with stage II and stage II/Child‐Pugh grade A HCC were 66.21% and 71.41%, 39.9% and 39.60%, and 29.92% and 25%), respectively. There were no severe complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

AS should be investigated further as potential first‐line therapy for the treatment of patients with stage I and II HCC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术后胸腺法新联合索拉菲尼治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效分析

目的:探讨中晚期肝细胞型肝癌患者肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)后索拉菲尼联合胸腺法新的疗效分析.方法:回顾性研究第四军医大学附属唐都医院54例中晚期原发性肝癌患者,所有患者均为乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性,并均接受了TACE手术治疗.在手术治疗后三天,开始口服索拉菲尼,以及皮下注射胸腺法新,观察患者的肝功能,计算治疗的有效率以及患者的生存时间.结果:观察组患者的总体有效率82.8%,显著高于对照组的56%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.032);观察组平均生存时间为13.8个月,对照组为10.2个月,可认为观察组生存时间长于对照组(P=0.021);治疗前两组AST、ALT以及白蛋白无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗3个月后与治疗前相比,两组的AST和ALT均得到改善(P<0.05),并且观察组白蛋白提高(P<0.001).结论:胸腺法新、索拉菲尼联合TACE的治疗方法可以有效的改善肝炎病毒所致的原发性肝癌的预后,提高患者的生存期,值得临床推广.     

TACE Combined with PSE in Treating Hepatocelluar Carcinoma with Hypersplenism

OBJECTIVE To observe the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with partial splenic embolization (PSE) in treating primary hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) with hypersplenism. METHODS Thirty HCC patients with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hypersplenism were treated with TACE and PSE. The degree of tumor volume reduction and remission of hypersplenism were observed. RESULTS The tumor reduction rate of the HCC was 73.3%. Twenty-eight patients had hypersplenic remission with a rate of 93.3%. There were no severe complications such as hepatic abscesses. CONCLOUSION TACE combined with PSE is a safe and effective method to treat HCC with liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hypersplenism.     

脾动脉部分栓塞联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝细胞癌合并脾亢的临床研究

背景与目的：原发性肝细胞癌（primary hepatocellular carcinoma,PHC）患者70％-90%有肝硬化、脾功能亢进以致患者术前外周血象偏低或术后外周血象恢复缓慢常影响经肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE）的正常进行。本研究探讨脾动脉部分栓塞（partial splenic embolization,PSE）联合经TACE治疗合并脾功能亢进的PHC的方法和意义。方法：对26例PHC患者采用PSE联合TACE治疗的方法,26例PHC患者单用TACE治疗。结果：PSE联合TACE较单用TACE治疗明显改善PHC患者外周血象,PSE术后3天、1周、2周及4周外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板较栓塞前明显提高。结论：PSE联合TACE是PHC合并脾亢的安全、有效治疗方法。     

原发性肝癌术前动脉化疗栓塞的疗效评价

目的评价原发性肝癌(PHCC)术前肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)的价值。方法2116例不能手术切除的PHCC患者经TACE治疗后,有41例获Ⅱ期手术切除,分析其TACE特点、距手术时间、病理学改变和随访情况。结果TACE术可使1.9%的PHCC患者获得Ⅱ期手术切除,手术切除前平均TACE治疗次数2.3次/人,距手术时间平均45天;TACE有效率(CR PR)为51.2%。肿瘤完全坏死4例,占9.9%;重度介入治疗后反应27例;肿瘤残留呈弥漫分布或肿瘤周边被膜下。1、2、3、5年生存率85.0%、74.3%、57.6%和46.2%。中位生存期50.3个月。结论术前TACE治疗可使部分不能手术切除的HCC患者获Ⅱ期手术切除,其疗效肯定,是延长患者生存期的有效方法。