亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与母儿结局

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因677C→T突变是引起亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶活性降低、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高危妊娠和胎儿畸形的重要遗传学因素。该文就近年来亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与高危妊娠和胎儿畸形关系做一简要综述。     

5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶与神经管畸形

本文介绍了５，１０－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的生化功能和基因结构、基因突变及多态性位点，重点介绍了５，１０－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶与神经管畸形关系的研究进展     

5,10—亚甲四氢叶酸还原酶与神经管畸形

本文介绍了５，１０－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的生化功能和基因结构、基因突变及多态性位点，重点介绍了５，１０－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶与神经管畸形关系的研究进展。     

神经管畸形与还原叶酸载体基因多态性及可疑危险因素的流行病学研究

母亲妊娠前后增补叶酸可以有效降低胎儿神经 管畸形(neural tube defects,NTDs)的初发和再 发。然而,目前对叶酸预防NTDs效果的作用机 制尚不清楚。叶酸代谢过程中有几个关键的酶, 如5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)、蛋 氨酸合酶还原酶(MTRR)、胱硫醚β合酶 (CBS)等,其基因缺陷均可导致高同型半胱氨     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶与出生缺陷疾病

5 ,10 -亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性是导致叶酸代谢障碍及高同型半胱氨酸血症的遗传性因素 ,与胎儿出生缺陷和心血管疾病有密切的关系。该文阐述了亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的生物学特性、基因多态性及其与出生缺陷的关系。为神经管缺陷、反复流产等疾病的发生机制及治疗措施提供一定的理论依据。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶与出血缺陷疾病

5，10－亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性是导致叶酸代谢障碍及高同型半胱氨酸血症的遗传性因素，与胎儿出生缺陷和心血管疾病有密切的关系。该文阐述了亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的生物学特性，基因多态性及其与出生缺陷的关系。为神经管缺陷，反复流产等疾病的发生机制及治疗措施提供一定的理论依据。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与出生缺陷

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性特别是677C→T突变可导致MTHFR酶活性下降,进一步造成叶酸代谢障碍和血浆同型半胱氨酸增高,被认为是引起神经管缺陷(NTD)、Down综合征、唇腭裂等多种出生缺陷的高危遗传因素,妊娠前及妊娠期补充叶酸是预防上述出生缺陷发生的有效措施。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与出生缺陷

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性特别是677 C→T突变可导致MTHFR酶活性下降,进一步造成叶酸代谢障碍和血浆同型半胱氨酸增高,被认为是引起神经管缺陷(NTD)、Down综合征、唇腭裂等多种出生缺陷的高危遗传因素,妊娠前及妊娠期补充叶酸是预防上述出生缺陷发生的有效措施.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与出生缺陷

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性特别是677C→T突变可导致MTHFR酶活性下降，进一步造成叶酸代谢障碍和血浆同型半胱氨酸增高，被认为是引起神经管缺陷(NTD)、Down综合征、唇腭裂等多种出生缺陷的高危遗传因素，妊娠前及妊娠期补充叶酸是预防上述出生缺陷发生的有效措施。     

叶酸相关基因多态性与NTDs发生的关联研究

神经管畸形是最常见的出生缺陷,孕期服用叶酸能降低神经管畸形(NTDs)发生的危险。叶酸缺乏是神经管畸形发生的主要环境因素,但其机制尚不清楚,通过对与叶酸代谢有关的酶基因:5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因(MTHFR)、丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(SHMT)、蛋氨酸合成酶还原酶(MTRR)、β胱硫醚合酶(CBS)、尼克酰胺-腺嘌呤-二核氨酸磷酸依赖的细胞质多功能酶(MTHFD)、甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶(BHMT)的结构功能、调控、表达及其与叶酸水平、高半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和神经管畸形的关系等研究进展加以综述。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.