胃癌组织中环氧合酶-2与基质金属蛋白酶的表达及与胃癌生物学特征的关系

目的 探讨胃癌组织中环氧合酶-2 （COX-2）与基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）的表达及其与胃癌生物学特征的关系.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测90例胃癌原发灶标本中COX-2和MMP-2的表达,并观察其与胃癌生物学特征的关系以及COX-2与MMP-2表达的相关性.结果 90例胃癌组织中,COX-2和MMP-2的表达阳性率分别为74.4%（62/90）和68.9%（62/90）;COX-2的表达与胃癌临床分期、组织分化程度、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈明显相关（P＜0.05）,而与年龄、性别和发病部位无关;MMP-2的表达与胃癌临床分期、有无淋巴结转移及TNM分期亦呈明显相关（P＜0.05）,但与组织分化程度无明显相关（P＞0.05）;且COX-2的表达与MMP-2的表达存在明显相关性（P＜0.01）.结论 胃癌组织中COX-2的表达与MMP-2的表达密切相关,COX-2可能通过上调MMP-2的表达来促进肿瘤的浸润与转移.     

TGF-β1在胃癌中的表达及意义

应用SABC免疫组化法检测48例胃癌组织及20例正常胃组织中转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）蛋白表达情况，发现TGF-β1在胃癌组织中表达明显高于正常胃组织（P〈0．01）；TGF-β1表达与胃癌的TNM分期、分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0．05）。TGF-β1的表达可作为评价胃癌生物学行为的参考指标。     

胃癌淋巴结转移与VEGF—D、VEGFR-3、LVD的关系

目的探讨胃癌淋巴结转移与血管内皮生长因子D（VEGF—D）、血管内皮生长因子受体3（VEGFR-3）、淋巴管密度（LVD）表达间的关系。方法对59例胃癌术后标本采用免疫组织化学sP法检测VEGF—D表达,用VEGFR-3抗体免疫组织化学sP法标记淋巴管,检测肿瘤组织及正常组织LVD。结果VEGF—D、VEGFR-3在癌组织中表达率分别为59．32％、67．80％,明显高于癌旁不典型增生组织及正常胃黏膜组织（P〈0．05）。癌周组织的LVD表达为（21．29±8．21）,明显高于周边正常组织（P〈0．05）。VEGF—D表达阳性组35例与阴性组24例的LVD分别为（23．15±7．58）和（11．93±5．31）,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。VEGF—D、LVD在癌组织中的表达与淋巴结直径、淋巴结分期、浸润深度、TNM分期及分化程度有关（P〈0．05）。结论VEGF．D在胃癌组织中高表达,并与肿瘤的淋巴管形成及淋巴结转移密切相关。     

胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子-C的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中肝素酶和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）-C蛋白表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测97例原发性胃癌组织、癌旁组织及20例正常胃黏膜组织中肝素酶和VEGFC蛋白的表达，并分析其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果胃癌组织肝素酶和VEGF—C蛋白表达阳性率分别为61．9％和66．0％，显著高于癌旁组织的7．2％和5．0％，正常胃组织的8．3％和5．0％（P值均〈0．01）；肝素酶表达与肿瘤分化程度无关，但与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移、静脉侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、远处转移、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；VEGF—C表达与肿瘤直径、分化程度、静脉侵犯及远处转移等无关，但与淋巴结转移、淋巴管侵犯、浆膜面受累和TNM分期等密切相关；肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达组术后生存率明显低于阴性组；在胃癌中肝素酶和VEGF—C阳性表达呈正相关。结论肝素酶及VEGF-C蛋白的阳性表达，可作为胃癌预后不良的参考指标。     

胃癌组织中PTEN与Survivin基因表达及临床意义

目的探讨PTEN、Survivin基因在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化sP法检测80例胃癌患者癌组织（观察组）中PTEN及Survivin基因表达，并与20份正常胃组织（对照组）比较。结果观察组PTEN蛋白表达阳性率明显低于对照组，其中42例表达明显降低或缺失；PTEN表达与胃癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关（P〈0．05）；Survivin阳性率为70．0％（P〈0．05），与胃癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期显著相关（尸〈0．05）。结论抑癌基因PTEN与凋亡抑制基因Survivin可能存在相互作用，共同参与了胃癌的发展、转移及浸润。     

胃腺癌微淋巴管检测的临床意义

采用微淋巴管特异标记D2-40对60例胃癌的中心癌组织、癌边缘区组织及其相应正常组织进行免疫组织化学染色检测微淋巴管密度,与CD34标记血管作对比.结果 胃癌中心未见明显微淋巴管,边缘区微淋巴管明显增多;胃癌边缘区淋巴管密度较正常胃组织显著性增高（P＜0.01）.胃癌边缘区微淋巴管密度与胃腺癌分化程度及淋巴结转移密切相关（P＜0.01）.     

胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达及意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达在胃癌发生、发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组化Envision法检测104例胃癌患者癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9蛋白表达,并与28份健康胃黏膜组织比较。结果胃癌组织中COX-2、CD44v6、MMP-9蛋白阳性表达率分别为57．7％（60／104）、59．6％（62／104）和63．5％（66／104）,正常胃组织中均呈低表达或不表达,两者有显著性差异（P〈0．001）;三者表达均与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移呈明显正相关（P〈0．05）,而与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤分化程度无明显相关性;COX-2表达与CD44v6和MMP-9表达呈明显正相关。结论COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9的过表达可促进胃癌的浸润、转移,三者具有正协同作用;COX-2、CD44v6和MMP-9联合检测可用于判断胃癌生物学行为。     

非小细胞肺癌中HIF-1α、MMP-2的表达及其相互关系探讨

目的 探讨HIF-1α、MMP-2在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达及其关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测120例NSCLC和癌旁正常肺组织中HIF-1α、MMP-2的表达.结果 HIF-1α、MMP-2在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常肺组织（P〈0.05）.HIF-1α在NSCLC中的表达与肿瘤直径、组织学分化、TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0.05）.MMP-2在NSCLC中的表达与组织学分化、TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0.05）.120例NSCLC中,HIF-1α和MMP-2的表达呈正相关性（r=5.139,P＜0.05）.结论 NSCLC组织中HIF-1α、MMP-2呈过表达,两者均与NSCLC的浸润和转移有关,且两者存在相互协调的关系.     

骨桥蛋白与环氧合酶-2在胃癌中的表达及其相关性分析

目的研究骨桥蛋白（OPN）与环氧合酶-2（Cox-2）在胃癌中表达的相互关系,探讨它们在胃癌发生发展、浸润和转移中的作用。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测54例胃癌中OPN与Cox-2的表达情况,探讨OPN与Cox-2与胃癌临床病理因素的关系。结果 OPN在胃癌中的表达率明显高于正常胃组织（P〈0.01）。OPN的表达与浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移有关,与TNM分期、肿瘤大小及组织学分型无关。胃癌中Cox-2高表达（62.96%）,明显高于正常胃组织（P〈0.01）;Cox-2的表达与胃癌TNM分期、组织学分级和淋巴结转移显著相关（P〈0.05）。胃癌组织中OPN与Cox-2的表达呈正相关（r=0.296,P〈0.05）。结论 OPN和Cox-2在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用,联合检测可作为判断胃癌恶性程度和预后的指标。     

胃癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达及其临床意义

背景：有关胃癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）表达的研究不多且结果不一。目的：探讨胃癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达及其临床意义。方法：收集临床病理资料完整的98例胃癌患者。应用免疫组化法检测组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1表达．并分析其与临床病理特征的关系以及各参数对胃癌患者预后的影响。结果：胃癌组织中MMP-9高表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期显著相关（P〈0．01）。单因素分析显示胃癌患者预后与MMP-9高表达（P=0．014）、浸润深度（P〈0．001）、淋巴结转移（P〈0．0001）和TNM分期（P〈0．0001）相关。TIMP-1表达与胃癌患者临床病理特征和预后无关。结论：MMP-9高表达与胃癌的发生、进展有关,可作为胃癌患者预后指标之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.