Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and pulmonary function in never-smoking adults in Chongqing, China

Chongquing is one of the most polluted cities in China. To study the respiratory health effects of air pollution for this city, the authors monitored the ambient levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in urban and suburban areas and performed pulmonary function testing on 1,075 adults 35 to 60 years of age who had never smoked and did not use coal stoves for cooking or heating. The mean concentration of SO2 in the urban areas (213 micrograms/m3) was twice as high as that in suburban areas (103 micrograms/m3). Mean PM2.5 levels were high in both urban (143 micrograms/m3) and suburban (139 micrograms/m3) areas. A generalized additive model was used to estimate the differences between the two areas in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC%, with adjustment for potential confounding factors, including sex, age, height, education, passive smoking, and occupational exposures to dust, gas, or fumes. Estimated differences in FEV1 between the urban and suburban areas were 199 mL (SE = 50 mL) for men and 87 mL (SE = 30 mL) for women, both statistically significant. When the men and women were pooled, the estimated difference in FEV1 was 126 mL (SE = 27 mL). Similar trends were observed for FVC and FEV1/FVC%. After exclusion of 104 subjects with histories of occupational exposures to dust, gas, or fumes, the estimated difference was some-what smaller than that of the total samples. However, the effects on FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% remained significant for both men and women.     

Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville, Ohio.

Particulate air pollution has been associated with daily mortality in London, England, both in the smog episodes of the 1950s and at the lower pollution levels of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Replicating these findings in the United States has been difficult, because particulates are usually sampled every sixth day. Replication, particularly with a gravimetric measure of particulates, is important in assessing the causality of the relation. Daily measurements of total suspended particulates by high volume gravimetric sampler are available for the Steubenville, Ohio, metropolitan area. These were matched to daily mortality counts from the detail mortality tapes of the National Center for Health Statistics. Deaths of residents which occurred outside the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were excluded. Because of the much smaller population, the average total number of deaths per day in the Steubenville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area over the 11-year period 1974-1984 was about 1% of the deaths in a typical London winter. Despite this reduced statistical power, total suspended particulate count was significantly associated with increased daily mortality in Poisson regression analyses controlling for season and temperature. An increase in particulates of 100 micrograms/m3 was associated with a 4% increase in mortality on the succeeding day. Associations with sulfur dioxide were not significant after adjustment for particulates. The relation appeared to continue at levels well below the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard.     

Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Detroit.

Particulate air pollution has been associated with increased mortality during episodes of high pollution concentrations. The relationship at lower concentrations has been more controversial, as has the relative role of particles and sulfur dioxide. Replication has been difficult because suspended particle concentrations are usually measured only every sixth day in the U.S. This study used concurrent measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP) and airport visibility from every sixth day sampling for 10 years to fit a predictive model for TSP. Predicted daily TSP concentrations were then correlated with daily mortality counts in Poisson regression models controlling for season, weather, time trends, overdispersion, and serial correlation. A significant correlation (P less than 0.0001) was found between predicted TSP and daily mortality. This correlation was independent of sulfur dioxide, but not vice versa. The magnitude of the effect was very similar to results recently reported from Steubenville, Ohio (using actual TSP measurements), with each 100 micrograms/m3 increase in TSP resulting in a 6% increase in mortality. Graphical analysis indicated a dose-response relationship with no evidence of a threshold down to concentrations below half of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter.     

Ozone and daily mortality in Shanghai, China

BACKGROUND: Controversy remains regarding the relationship between ambient ozone and mortality worldwide. In mainland China, the largest developing country, there has been no prior study investigating the acute effect of O3 on death risk. Given the changes in types of air pollution from conventional coal combustion to the mixed coal combustion/motor vehicle emissions in China's large cities, it is worthwhile to investigate the acute effect of O3 on mortality outcomes in the country. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a time-series study to investigate the relation between O3 and daily mortality in Shanghai using 4 years of daily data (2001-2004). METHODS: We used the generalized additive model with penalized splines to analyze mortality, O3 pollution, and covariate data in warm and cold seasons. We considered daily counts of all-cause mortality and several cause-specific subcategories (respiratory and cardiovascular). We also examined these associations among several subpopulations based on age and sex. RESULTS: O3 was significantly associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in the cold season but not in the warm season. In the whole-year analysis, an increase of 10 microg/m3 of 2-day average (lag01) O3 corresponds to 0.45% [95% confidence interval (CI) , 0.16-0.73%], 0.53% (95% CI, 0.10-0.96%), and 0.35% (95% CI, -0.40 to 1.09%) increase of total nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. In the cold season, the estimates increased to 1.38% (95% CI, 0.68-2.07%), 1.53% (95% CI, 0.54-2.52%), and 0.95% (95% CI, -0.71 to 2.60%), respectively. In the warm season, we did not observe significant associations for both total and cause-specific mortality. The results were generally insensitive to model specifications such as lag structure of O3 concentrations and degree of freedom for time trend. Multipollutant models indicate that the effect of O3 was not confounded by particulate matter相似文献   

Short-term effects of ambient gaseous pollutants and particulate matter on daily mortality in Shanghai, China

Identification of the specific pollutants contributing most to the health hazard of the air pollution mixture may have important implications for environmental and social policies. In the current study, we conducted a time-series analysis to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants [particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and nitrogen dioxides (NO(2))] on daily mortality in Shanghai, China, using both single-pollutant and multiple-pollutant models. In the single-pollutant models, PM(10), SO(2), and NO(2) were found to be associated with mortality from both all non-accidental causes and from cardiopulmonary diseases. Unlike some prior studies in North America, we found a significant effect of gaseous pollutants (SO(2) and NO(2)) on daily mortality even after adjustment for PM(10) in the multiple-pollutant models. Our findings, combined with previous Chinese studies showing a consistent, significant effect of gaseous pollutants on mortality, suggest that the role of outdoor exposure to SO(2) and NO(2) should be investigated further in China.     

Interpersonal and daily variability of personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide

Chronic exposure is often assessed using a single measurement per individual or group. However, daily levels of personal exposure can vary greatly. Chronic exposure classification by a single measurement could be significantly affected by the interpersonal and daily variations of exposures. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using a single personal exposure measurement on estimating long-term exposure. This study used measurements of consecutive 14 daily personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) of 50 individuals in Yeochun, Korea. The daily personal exposures were measured by passive samplers. Personal exposure to NO(2) was associated with gas cooking, and personal exposure to SO(2) was associated with ambient air pollution. Mixed effects models indicated that daily variability was greater than interpersonal variability for both the pollutants. Effectiveness of using single-day personal measurements for long-term population mean exposure was supported by relatively consistent daily population averages, but multiple-day measurements might be warranted for characterizing individual exposures or high-end population exposures such as the 95th percentile. Although classification of high and low exposure groups by 1-day exposure and by 14-day exposure produced similar group totals, 20% of individual NO(2) exposures and 31% of individual SO(2) exposures were misclassified using 1-day exposures. Average values of 1-day exposure and 14-day exposure were significantly different, but the difference decreased by an increase in the number of measurements for the short-term exposure. The findings were similar for both NO(2) and SO(2), although the two air pollutants have different sources and behaviors.     

Association between ambient particulate matter and daily cause-specific mortality in Tanggu,Tianjin Binhai New Area,China

The aim of the study was to determine whether the area of Tanggu, Tianjin Binhai New Economic Developing Area, China, is subject to similar effects of ambient particulate matter less than 10 micrometres in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) similar to other areas of China. This study was designed to investigate cause-specific mortality risks associated with air pollution in this geographical region. The present study used a time-series analysis to explore the relationship between PM10 and the cause-specific mortalities for non-accidental, cardiovascular, and cardiopulmonary mortality from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. A 10 μg/m³ increment of PM10 was associated with a 1.02% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 1.56) increase in cardiovascular mortality, and a 0.88% (95% CI: 0.36, 1.39) increase in cardiopulmonary mortality. In addition, the effects from PM10 appear to be consistent with multi-pollutant models. The results show that there are strong associations between daily cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary mortality and ambient PM10 exposure.     

Particulate air pollution and daily mortality: a synthesis.

Episodes of high concentrations of particulate-based fog were associated with substantial increases in daily mortality earlier in this century. The sharp rise and fall of mortality with equally dramatic changes in air pollution left little doubt about causality. Other studies have shown associations of daily fluctuations in particulate-based air pollution and daily mortality in long time series. These associations continued to quite low concentrations of air pollution, although the optical-based measures do not readily allow direct comparisons with current pollution measurement techniques. This paper reports the results of seven studies examining the relationship between gravimetrically measured airborne particles and daily mortality. In Poisson regressions controlling for weather, time trends, and serial correlation, TSP or PM10 were significantly associated with daily mortality. The association with particles was independent of SO2, but not vice versa. The similarity of the regression coefficients among the studies was striking, and suggests that a 100 micrograms/m3 increase in daily TSP concentrations is associated with about a 6% increase in mortality. The same coefficient also suffices to explain the more than two-fold increase in mortality in London in 1952. The use of covariate adjusted quintile plots showed no evidence of a threshold down to concentrations of 40 micrograms/m3 or less. The relationship was significant in St. Louis, where daily concentrations of PM10 never exceeded 97 micrograms/m3. Given the similar results in all six studies, and the strong associations recently reported between particles and morbidity, the association is likely causal.     

Total suspended particulate matter and daily mortality in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Recent studies have associated particulate air pollution with daily mortality in a number of U.S. communities. This study sought to replicate those analyses in Cincinnati, Ohio, and to test the strength of the association to the deletion of days with extreme weather conditions and to sensitivity analyses in the analytical approach. This study demonstrates the use of graphical diagnostic procedures to assure adequate control for season and weather and to confirm that the risk is particularly elevated in the elderly and for deaths from pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. Daily total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations were available in Cincinnati from 1977 to 1982. They were matched to daily counts of nonaccidental deaths, temperature, and dew point temperature. Poisson regression analysis controlled for seasonal and monthly variations and potentially nonlinear relationships to temperature and humidity. TSP was associated with increased risk of mortality. The relative risk for a 100 micrograms/m3 increase in TSP was 1.06 (95% CI = 1.03-1.10). The relative risk for the elderly was higher (1.09), as was the risk for pneumonia (1.18) and cardiovascular disease (1.08). The similarity to recently reported results in Philadelphia is striking. Given the consistent findings from multiple locations, the relationship should be considered causal.     

Air pollution and daily mortality in Shenyang, China

The authors analyzed daily mortality data in Shenyang, China, for calendar year 1992 to identify possible associations with ambient sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates. Both total suspended particulate concentrations (mean = 430 microg/m3, maximum = 1,141 microg/m3) and sulfur dioxide concentrations (mean 197 = microg/m3, maximum = 659 microg/m3) far exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended criteria. An average of 45.5 persons died each day. The lagged moving averages of air-pollution levels, calculated as the mean of the nonmissing air-pollution levels of the concurrent and 3 preceding days, were used for all analyses. Locally weighted regression analysis, including temperature, humidity, day of week, and a time variable, showed a positive association between daily mortality and both total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide. When the authors included total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide separately in the model, both were highly significant predictors of daily mortality. The risk of all-cause mortality increased by an estimated 1.7% and 2.4% with a 100-microg/m3 concomitant increase in total suspended particulate and sulfur dioxide, respectively. When the authors analyzed mortality separately by cause of death, the association with total suspended particulates was significant for cardiovascular disease (2.1%), but not statistically significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (2.6%). In contrast, the association with sulfur dioxide was significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (7.4%), but not for cardiovascular disease (1.8%). The mortality from cancer was not associated significantly with total suspended particles or with sulfur dioxide. The correlation between sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates was high (correlation coefficient = .66). When the authors included sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulates simultaneously in the model, the association between total suspended particulates and mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases remained significant. Sulfur dioxide was associated significantly with increased mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and other causes. The results of the current study reveal increased mortality associated with both total suspended particulates and sulfur dioxide.     

Particulate matter exposures, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in the health professionals follow-up study

Background: The association of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with air pollution exposures has been well established in the literature. The number of studies examining chronic exposures in cohorts is growing, with more recent studies conducted among women finding risk estimates of greater magnitude. Questions remain regarding sex differences in the relationship of chronic particulate matter (PM) exposures with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.Objectives: In this study we explored these associations in the all-male Health Professionals Follow-Up Study prospective cohort.Methods: The same spatiotemporal exposure estimation models, similar outcomes, and biennially updated covariates were used as those previously applied in the female Nurses’ Health Study cohort.Results: Among 17,545 men residing in the northeastern and midwestern United States, there were 2,813 deaths, including 746 cases of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). An interquartile range change (4 µg/m³) in average exposure to PM ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter in the 12 previous months was not associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.00] or fatal CHD (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87–1.13) in fully adjusted models. Findings were similar for separate models of exposure to PM ≤ 10 µm in diameter and PM between 2.5 and 10 µm in diameter and for copollutant models.Conclusions: Among this cohort of men with high socioeconomic status living in the midwestern and northeastern United States, the results did not support an association of chronic PM exposures with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in models with time-varying covariates. Whether these findings suggest sex differences in susceptibility or the protective impact of healthier lifestyles and higher socioeconomic status requires additional investigation.     

大气二氧化硫与居民每日呼吸系统疾病死亡相关性的时间序列分析

目的 分析大气中主要气态污染物二氧化硫(SO2)急性暴露对北京市居民每日呼吸系统疾病死亡人数的影响.方法 采用时间序列的广义相加模型,在控制时间趋势和气象因素、“星期几效应”等混杂因素的基础上,分析北京市2006年1月1日2009年12月31日大气SO2浓度与居民每日呼吸系统疾病死亡人数的关系.结果 北京市大气SO2浓度每升高10 μg/m3,居民当日呼吸系统疾病死亡人数、滞后1d的每日肺炎死亡人数分别增加0.88％(95％CI:0.34％～1.41％)和1.43％(95％CI:0.51％～2.35％).结论 北京市大气SO2污染与居民每日呼吸系统疾病死亡人数和肺炎死亡人数有统计学关联.     

Particulate air pollution and daily mortality on Utah''s Wasatch Front.

Reviews of daily time-series mortality studies from many cities throughout the world suggest that daily mortality counts are associated with short-term changes in particulate matter (PM) air pollution. One U.S. city, however, with conspicuously weak PM-mortality associations was Salt Lake City, Utah; however, relatively robust PM-mortality associations have been observed in a neighboring metropolitan area (Provo/Orem, Utah). The present study explored this apparent discrepancy by collecting, comparing, and analyzing mortality, pollution, and weather data for all three metropolitan areas on Utah's Wasatch Front region of the Wasatch Mountain Range (Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Provo/Orem) for approximately 10 years (1985-1995). Generalized additive Poisson regression models were used to estimate PM-mortality associations while controlling for seasonality, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. Salt Lake City experienced substantially more episodes of high PM that were dominated by windblown dust. When the data were screened to exclude obvious windblown dust episodes and when PM data from multiple monitors were used to construct an estimate of mean exposure for the area, comparable PM-mortality effects were estimated. After screening and by using constructed mean PM [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) data, the estimated percent change in mortality associated with a 10-mg/m3 increase in PM10 (and 95% confidence intervals) for the three Wasatch Front metropolitan areas equaled approximately 1. 6% (0.3-2.9), 0.8% (0.3-1.3), and 1.0% (0.2-1.8) for the Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Provo/Orem areas, respectively. We conclude that stagnant air pollution episodes with higher concentrations of primary and secondary combustion-source particles were more associated with elevated mortality than windblown dust episodes with relatively higher concentrations of coarse crustal-derived particles.     

气候变化国家评估报告(I): 中国气候变化的历史和未来趋势

  目的  探讨成都市气温与人群死亡的关系,为降低敏感人群死亡风险提供依据。  方法  收集2013年1月1日 — 2018年12月31日四川省成都市逐日气象、大气污染物及全死因死亡数据并进行描述分析,将 ≤ 第2.5个百分位数的气温定义为低温,≥ 第97.5个百分位数定义为高温。采用分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）,分析气温与死亡的暴露–滞后–反应关系,求得最适宜温度,并将其作为参考水平,计算气温归因死亡人数与分值。  结果  2013 — 2018年,成都市日均气温范围为 – 1.9 ℃～29.8 ℃,P₅₀为17.5 ℃,死亡总人数484 736人,日死亡人数范围为137～375人/d,P₅₀为214人/d,日均气压、日均相对湿度、PM₁₀、和O_{3 – 8}的P₅₀分别为950.8 kPa、80 %、88.3 μg/m³和79.3 μg/m³;日均气温和死亡人数存在统计学关联（P < 0.05）,暴露 – 反应关系呈近似L型,最适宜温度为25 ℃。高温效应在暴露当日出现,最长持续5 d;低温效应在暴露后1～2 d出现,最长持续13 d,高温和低温暴露0～21 d的累积死亡相对危险度分别为1.142（95 % CI = 1.087～1.199）、1.405（95 % CI = 1.244～1.587）;以最适宜温度作为基线暴露水平,累积滞后0～21 d情况下,气温归因死亡人数为60 280人（95 % CI = 30 875～85 953）,归因分值为12.4 %（95 % CI = 6.5 %～17.6 %）,其中低温归因死亡人数为56 794人,归因分值为11.7 %,高温归因死亡人数为3 493人,归因分值为0.72 %。  结论  成都市日均气温和人群死亡的暴露 – 反应关系呈近似L型,低温风险大于高温风险,表现在相对危险度大、效应滞后时间长,归因死亡人数多和分值高。     

Diurnal temperature range and daily mortality in Shanghai, China

Although the relationship between temperature level and mortality outcomes has been well established, it is still unknown whether within-day variation in temperature, e.g. diurnal temperature range (DTR), is a risk factor for death independent of the corresponding temperature. Moreover, DTR is a meteorological indicator associated with global climate change which may be related to a variety of health outcomes. We hypothesized that large diurnal temperature change might be a source of additional environmental stress and therefore a risk factor for death. We used daily weather and mortality data from Shanghai, China to test this hypothesis. We conducted a time-series study to examine the association between DTR and mortality outcomes from 2001 to 2004. A semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the acute effect of DTR on mortality after controlling for covariates including time trend, day of the week (DOW), temperature, humidity, and outdoor air pollution. We found a strong association between DTR and daily mortality after adjustment for those potential confounders. A 1 degrees C increment of the 3-day moving average of DTR corresponded to a 1.37% (95% CI 1.08-1.65%) increase in total non-accidental mortality, a 1.86% (95% CI 1.40-2.32%) increase in cardiovascular mortality, and a 1.29% (95% CI 0.49-2.09%) increase in respiratory mortality. The effects of DTR on total non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality were significant on both "cold" (below 23 degrees C) and "warm" (at least 23 degrees C) days, although respiratory mortality was only significantly associated with DTR on "cold" days. This study suggests within-day variation in temperature may be a novel risk factor for death.     

Short-term association between sulfur dioxide and daily mortality: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) study

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity, but only few studies were conducted in Asian countries. Previous studies suggest that SO₂ may have adverse health effects independent of other pollutants. In the Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) project, the short-term associations between ambient sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and daily mortality were examined in Bangkok, Thailand, and three Chinese cities: Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Wuhan. Poisson regression models incorporating natural spline smoothing functions were used to adjust for seasonality and other time-varying covariates. Effect estimates were obtained for each city and then for the cities combined. The impact of alternative model specifications, such as lag structure of pollutants and degree of freedom (df) for time trend, on the estimated effects of SO₂ were also examined. In both individual-city and combined analysis, significant effects of SO₂ on total non-accidental and cardiopulmonary mortality were observed. An increase of 10 μg/m³ of 2-day moving average concentrations of SO₂ corresponded to 1.00% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-1.24], 1.09% (95% CI, 0.71-1.47), and 1.47% (95% CI, 0.85-2.08) increase of total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, respectively, in the combined analysis. Sensitivity analyzes suggested that these findings were generally insensitive to alternative model specifications. After adjustment for PM₁₀ or O₃, the effect of SO₂ remained significant in three Chinese cities. However, adjustment for NO₂ diminished the associations and rendered them statistically insignificant in all four cities. In conclusion, ambient SO₂ concentration was associated with daily mortality in these four Asian cities. These associations may be attributable to SO₂ serving as a surrogate of other substances. Our findings suggest that the role of outdoor exposure to SO₂ should be investigated further in this region.     

Saharan dust and associations between particulate matter and daily mortality in Rome, Italy

Background: Outbreaks of Saharan-Sahel dust over Euro-Mediterranean areas frequently induce exceedances of the Europen Union''s 24-hr standard of 50 μg/m³ for particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ than 10 μm (PM₁₀).Objectives: We evaluated the effect of Saharan dust on the association between different PM fractions and daily mortality in Rome, Italy.Methods: In a study of 80,423 adult residents who died in Rome between 2001 and 2004, we performed a time-series analysis to explore the effects of PM_2.5, PM_2.5–10, and PM₁₀ on natural, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality. We defined Saharan dust days by combining light detection and ranging (LIDAR) observations and analyses from operational models. We tested a Saharan dust–PM interaction term to evaluate the hypothesis that the effects of PM, especially coarse PM (PM_2.5–10), on mortality would be enhanced on dust days.Results: Interquartile range increases in PM_2.5–10 (10.8 μg/m³) and PM₁₀ (19.8 μg/m³) were associated with increased mortality due to natural, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory causes, with estimated effects ranging from 2.64% to 12.65% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–25.42%] for the association between PM_2.5–10 and respiratory mortality (0- to 5-day lag). Associations of PM_2.5–10 with cardiac mortality were stronger on Saharan dust days (9.73%; 95% CI, 4.25–15.49%) than on dust-free days (0.86%; 95% CI, –2.47% to 4.31%; p = 0.005). Saharan dust days also modified associations between PM₁₀ and cardiac mortality (9.55% increase; 95% CI, 3.81–15.61%; vs. dust-free days: 2.09%; 95% CI, –0.76% to 5.02%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: We found evidence of effects of PM_2.5–10 and PM₁₀ on natural and cause-specific mortality, with stronger estimated effects on cardiac mortality during Saharan dust outbreaks. Toxicological and biological effects of particles from desert sources need to be further investigated and taken into account in air quality standards.     

重庆市加工用辣椒及制品中二氧化硫残留量分析

目的 了解重庆市加工用鲜辣椒中二氧化硫本底含量,分析市售辣椒制品中非法使用二氧化硫类食品添加剂的可能性。方法 在重庆市17个主要辣椒生产区县的种植环节、流通环节（农贸市场、超市和便利店）,采集鲜辣椒、干辣椒及辣椒面共2 555份,采用GB5009.34—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中二氧化硫的测定》进行检测。结果 2 555份样品中,检出含二氧化硫的样品1 780份,检出率为69.67%（1 780/2 555）,鲜辣椒、烘干鲜辣椒、市售干辣椒、市售辣椒面中二氧化硫的检出率分别为58.55%（363/620）、61.77%（383/620）、76.98%（535/695）、80.48%（499/620）。市售干辣椒和辣椒面中二氧化硫残留量高于国际食品法典委员会( CAC)规定的香辛料中最大使用量（150 mg/kg）的样品共3件。流通环节采集的鲜辣椒中二氧化硫检出率较种植环节样品高,超市和便利店采集的干辣椒和辣椒面二氧化硫含量较农贸市场样品高。结论 重庆市加工用鲜辣椒中存在二氧化硫本底含量,市售干辣椒及辣椒面中可能存在非法使用二氧化硫类食品添加剂的情况,部分商品中二氧化硫残留量较高。