氯吡格雷抵抗

约4%～30%的缺血性心血管疾病患者并未从氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗中获益.氯吡格雷抵抗(低或无反应性)反映氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗失败,但尚未明确定义.氯吡格雷抵抗的可能机制分为内源性和外源性.内源性机制包括P2Y12受体和CYP3A的基因多态性,外源性机制概括为氯吡格雷剂量偏低或给药不当、生物利用度下降和有关CYP3A4参与的药物间相互作用以及血小板过度激活.     

氯吡格雷抵抗

氯吡格雷作为一种新型的二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受体拮抗剂,随着氯吡格雷阿司匹林在有缺血事件危险病人的对比试验(CAPRIE)、氯吡格雷协同阿司匹林在无ST抬高急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人的效果研究(CURE)、经皮冠脉介入 (PCI)治疗病人CURE(PCI-CURE)等大规模临床试验结     

氯吡格雷抵抗

氯吡格雷是一种抗血小板药物,是新型二磷酸腺苷受体拮抗剂,已广泛应用于急性冠脉综合征和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的抗血栓治疗。但近年来的研究发现,有些患者存在氯吡格雷抵抗现象,即应用氯吡格雷治疗的患者仍会发生心血管血栓事件。     

氯吡格雷抵抗

约4％～30％的缺血性心血管疾病患者并未从氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗中获益。氯吡格雷抵抗(低或无反应性)反映氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗失败,但尚未明确定义。氯吡格雷抵抗的可能机制分为内源性和外源性。内源性机制包括P2Y_(12)受体和CYP3A的基因多态性。外源性机制概括为氯吡格雷剂量偏低或给药不当、生物利用度下降和有关CYP3A4参与的药物间相互作用以及血小板过度激活。     

氯吡格雷抵抗

氯吡格雷是目前广泛应用的抗血小板药物，其对血小板的抑制具有个体差异。氯吡格雷抵抗的定义，国际上尚缺乏一致性标准。氯吡格雷抵抗的出现已影响其疗效发挥，氯吡格雷抵抗的机制迄今尚未完全阐明。本文试对其定义、发生率、氯吡格雷抵抗机制及临床意义作一综述。     

氯吡格雷抵抗研究进展

氯吡格雷广泛用于急性冠脉综合征和经皮冠状动脉介入术的患者,可以减少心血管事件的发生,降低支架内亚急性血栓形成的发生率。但是临床上服用氯吡格雷的患者表现出各自不同的反应性,部分患者反应差甚至无反应,称之为氯吡格雷抵抗。本文就氯吡咯雷抵抗的定义、检测方法、机制及临床意义作一综述。     

氯吡格雷抵抗研究进展

氯吡格雷的抗血小板聚集作用在急性冠脉综合征和经皮冠状动脉介入术患者中得到广泛应用,但氯吡格雷抵抗的出现影响了其临床疗效。现就氯吡格雷抵抗的定义、临床意义、血小板聚集检测方法、发生机制及防治策略分别加以阐述。     

氯吡格雷抵抗研究进展

氯吡格雷已确立对急性冠脉综合征患者从急性期到长期的保护作用。但氯吡格雷抗血小板作用并不能使所有患者受益。部分患者对氯吡格雷的心血管保护作用存在氯吡格雷抵抗现象，即应用氯吡格雷的患者仍会发生心血管血栓事件。     

氯吡格雷抵抗研究现状

氯吡格雷对血小板的抑制作用具有个体差异性。氯吡格雷抵抗是指那些接受了标准的抗血小板治疗的病人仍然发生不良的心血管事件。导致氯吡格雷抵抗的原因是多方面的,主要有P2Y12受体及CYP3A的基因多态性、药物吸收及活性代谢物清除的个体差异、血小板高反应性等。目前对氯吡格雷抵抗仍然缺乏统一的标准,正确认识、发现、解决氯吡格雷抵抗需要更深入的研究。     

氯吡格雷抵抗的研究进展

<正>氯吡格雷可以有效地抑制血小板的活化和聚集,其与血小板表面P2Y12受体不可逆结合,从而阻断二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)诱导的血小板聚集。氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林这一治疗策略,现已广泛应用于急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)患者的     

Clopidogrel resistance

Clopidogrel resistance has been used as one of the terms employed in the literature to describe different degrees of ex vivo low platelet inhibition after clopidogrel administration. In addition to the diverse nomenclature, the characterisation of clopidogrel resistance has also been problematic because different authors have given different definitions. The mechanisms responsible for this decreased platelet response are not yet clearly defined, some hypotheses have been put forward but not yet demonstrated. Although there have been no large prospective studies demonstrating that the degree of platelet inhibition is directly related to clinical outcomes, several recent studies and reports have shown an association between less platelet inhibition and more adverse events after percutaneous coronary interventions with clopidogrel therapy suggesting that clopidogrel resistance may be a marker for increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Larger scale investigations are needed to support these findings.     

氯吡格雷抵抗与基因多态性

氯吡格雷是目前广泛应用于临床的一种抗血小板药,已作为心肌梗死、缺血性卒中和周围血管病的二级预防用药.然而,氯吡格雷的抗血小板聚集效果存在显著的个体差异,很大一部分患者存在抵抗现象.氯吡格雷抵抗的机制尚不完全清楚,基因多态性是氯吡格雷抵抗的一个重要原因,包括ABCB1、CYP2C19、CYP3 A4、CYP3A5、P2Y...     

Clopidogrel resistance: myth or reality

The efficacy of clopidogrel, as an established anti-platelet agent for the acute coronary syndrome treatment and for the thrombotic complications prevention after percutaneous coronary angioplasty and coronary artery stenting has been supported by the evidence of several major randomized clinical trials. However, some patients treated with clopidogrel have a minor, but still a risk of coronary artery thrombosis and sudden death. Moreover, clopidogrel was not effective in patients after ischemic stroke, as well as it was not effective for the primary prevention of vascular events. Several authors proposed the theory of " clopidogrel-resistance " . However, this theory is based on a limited number of laboratory findings, and was not supported by the evidence of clinical studies. The phenomena of " clopidogrel-resistance " could be masked by the low patient compliance, while the rate of such patients could exceed 30% after one year of treatment. The offered methods for overcoming clopidogrel-resistance include doubling or tripling of the loading dose (600-900 mg vs. 300mg) or administration one or two more potent antiplatelet agents. However, such approach could not only increase the risk of major and fatal bleedings, but could have a potential to reduce patients compliance, and consequently increase the risk of thrombosis. Only multicenter randomized study with hard outcome or ideally survival endpoint, supported by comprehensive serial platelet assessment, strict compliance rules including measurement of clopidogrel metabolite(s) will determine whether " clopidogrel resistance " is a real danger (as suggested by the platelet biomarkers), or an artificial tool (as suggested by the randomized clinical evidence) introduced to help novel antiplatelet agents to gain the vascular market share.     

Clopidogrel resistance: a diagnostic challenge

No clear and generally accepted definition of clopidogrel resistance has been achieved up to now. We believe that the new point-of-care assays of platelet function may help the clinicians to overcome to define clopidogrel resistance especially in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in whom the level of inhibition of platelets is clinically essential.     

Clopidogrel resistance: The way forward

Clopidogrel, a second generation thienopyridine has been the mainstay of ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) treatment for more than a decade. Clopidogrel Resistance has been associated with increased mortality in ACS patients with an increase in number of Stent Thrombosis. This review article tries to find out the causes of Clopidogrel Resistance, the main factors involving it, Laboratory evaluation of Clopidogrel Resistance. The overall incidence of Clopidogrel Resistance across the Globe & India has also been considered. The article also discusses the clinical significance of Clopidogrel Resistance & its relationship with adverse cardiovascular events. This review ends with the probable solutions to Clopidogrel Resistance & the new generation of antiplatelets which can be used for the same.     

氯吡格雷抵抗与卒中防治

氯吡格雷是缺血性卒中治疗的基本药物,被多国卒中治疗指南所推荐,广泛应用于临床.有不少缺血性卒中患者在经过规范氯吡格雷治疗后仍然复发卒中,因此必须重视氯吡格雷抵抗现象.文章对氯吡格雷抵抗的生化机制、基因多态性、实验室检测及其应对措施进行了综述.