SF-36量表测定广东省移居老年人生活质量分析

目的:了解广东省移居老年人生活质量及其相关影响因素.方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方式,以SF-36量表对广东省9个市的257名移居老年人和149名非移居老年人的生活质量进行入户问卷调查.结果:移居老年人生活质量除去生命活力(VT)外,其余7个维度得分较非移居老年人低.移居老年人生活质量的影响因素:生理健康(PCS)为性别、年龄、健康行为和睡眠;心理健康(MCS)为文化程度、身体状况和慢性疾病.结论:移居老年人生活质量受人口社会学特征影响,提高移居老年人自我保健意识、加快慢性病防治工作、提高全社会对于移居老年人的关注度是改善其生活质量的有效手段.     

Validating and norming of the Greek SF-36 Health Survey

The main objective of this study was to validate the Greek SF-36 Health Survey and to provide general population normative data. The survey was administered to a stratified representative sample (n=1426) of the general population residing in the broader Athens area and the response rate was 70.6. Statistical analysis, according to documented procedures developed within the IQOLA Project, was performed. The missing value rate was very low, ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 at the item level. Multitrait scaling analysis confirmed the hypothesized scale structure of the SF-36. Cronbachs coefficient met the criterion for group analysis in all eight scales. Known group comparisons yielded consistent support of construct validity of the SF-36. Significant statistical differences in mean scores were observed in relation to demographic and social characteristics such as gender, age, education and marital status.     

Construct Validation of the Greek SF-36 Health Survey

Objective: To test the construct validity of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: Cross -sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected from 1007 participants in a stratified sample of adult general population, interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers. Results: SEM analyses supported the superiority of the eight first-order factor model of health. Higher -order analyses suggested that a model with three correlated second-order factors (physical health, general well-being, general mental health) and one third-order factor (health) provided a satisfactory fit to the data. Conclusions: These results confirm the multidimensional structure of the SF-36 and underscore the feasibility of multinational comparisons of health status using this instrument. They also support the use of eight subscale scores in parallel with three second -order summary scores rather than one overall score.     

Assessing the validity of the SF-36 General Health Survey

Our objective was to assess the validity of the SF-36 General Health Survey against the Social Maladjustment Schedule (SMS) and two questionnaire measures, the Social Problem Questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) in a random subsample of 206 men and women from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal survey of health and disease amongst 10,308 London-based civil servants. We found that social functioning on the SF-36 correlated significantly with social contacts, total satisfaction and total management scores on the SMS, and social isolation and emotional reactions on the NHP. General mental health on the SF-36 was associated with marriage, social contacts, leisure scores, total satisfaction and total management scores on the SMS, and emotional reactions, energy level and social isolation on the NHP. Conversely, physical functioning and physical role limitations were generally not associated with the SMS but were associated with physical abilities and pain on the NHP. In conclusion, this study offers evidence of the discriminant validity of the general mental health and physical functioning scales of the SF-36. We also found moderate construct and criterion validity for the social functioning scale of the SF-36 and considerable overlap between the general mental health and social functioning scales.     

修改后的SF-36健康调查应用于老年人群的评价

目的 评价修改后的SF-36健康调查表在老年人群中的信度和效度。方法 采用面对面访谈形式调查老年人使用修改后的SF-36的情况，并与老年人生活质量调查内容的结果进行比较。结果 修改后的SF-36条目得分满足量表设计者确定的假定顺序；各标度的Cronbach＇s α系数是0．73～0．91。其中65～75岁组的信度好于〉75岁组老年人群；各年龄组的不同标度与总测量的关系满足原设计者的假定关系；修改后SF-36的两个总测量与老年人生活质量调查内容的一致性均较好。结论 修改后的SF-36健康调查具有良好的信度和效度，更适合于老年人群使用。     

Single-item electronic administration of the SF-36v2 Health Survey

Purpose

To evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of a computerized electronic version of the SF-36v2 Health Survey (SF-36v2) with items administered one-per-page versus the traditional grid format used in the paper-and-pencil version in a sample of physician-diagnosed headache patients.

Methods

Patients (N = 180) completed the SF-36v2 administered as part of a broader study of health outcomes. Scaling assumptions, reliability, factor structure, and the tool’s ability to discriminate between headache pain severity groups were examined.

Results

Frequency distributions showed notable ceiling effects for the role emotional, social functioning, physical functioning, and role physical scales, but negligible (<1.2%) floor effects for any of the scales. Internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from 0.81 to 0.95 for the eight health domains. Items passed tests of internal consistency and discriminant validity. Principal components’ analyses confirmed the 2-factor structure; the pattern of correlations across scales was consistent with expectations for the physical and mental health components. As expected, patients with severe headache pain had lower mean SF-36v2 scores than those with mild or moderate pain. No significant score differences were observed between mild and moderate pain severity groups.

Conclusions

Single-item electronic administration of the SF-36v2 is reliable and valid for use with headache patients.     

The SF-36 Profile and Health-Related Quality of Life: An Interpretative Analysis

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between the SF-36 scales and a direct, category-scaling, self-evaluation of health-related quality of life in a sample of healthy persons. The study of the relationship between the two provides a deeper insight into the structure and meaning of the SF-36 profile and explores its interpretability in terms of a comprehensive, subjective evaluation of health. Furthermore, this study leads to a preliminary interpretation of the profile in terms of a utility scale. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Validation of the Kiswahili version of the SF-36 Health Survey in a representative sample of an urban population in Tanzania

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of a Kiswahili translation of the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) among an urban population in Tanzania, using the method of known-groups validation. People were randomly selected from a demographic surveillance system in Dar es Salaam. The representative sample consisted of 3,802 adults (15 years and older). Health status differences were hypothesized among groups, who differed in sex, age, socio-economic status and self-reported morbidity. Mean SF-36 scale scores were calculated and compared using t-test and ANOVA. Women had significantly lower mean SF-36 scale scores (indicating worse health status) than men on all scales and scores were lower for older people than younger on all domains, as hypothesized. On five of the eight SF-36 scales, means were higher for people of higher socio-economic status compared to those of lower socio-economic status. People who reported an illness within the previous 2 weeks scored significantly lower on all scales compared to those who were healthy, as did people who said they had a disability or a chronic condition.     

Equivalence of Chinese and US–English Versions of the SF-36 Health Survey

This study evaluated the equivalence of Chinese and US–English versions of the SF-36 Health Survey in a convenience sample of 309 Chinese nationals bilingual in Chinese and English living in a US city. Snowball sampling was used to generate sufficient sample size. Internal consistency, test–retest, and equivalent-forms reliability were estimated. Patients were randomized to one of four groups: (1) English version completed first, followed by Chinese version (same occasion); (2) Chinese version completed first, followed by English version (same occasion); (3) English version completed once and then again 1-week later; (4) Chinese version completed once and then again 1-week later. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the Chinese and US–English versions of the SF-36 scales ranged from 0.60 to 0.88; test–retest reliability estimates (1 week time interval) ranged from 0.67 to 0.90. Reliability estimates for corresponding Chinese and US–English SF-36 scales tended to be similar and not significantly different. Equivalent-forms reliability estimates (product–moment correlations) ranged from 0.81 to 0.98. Mean SF-36 scale scores were comparable for both versions of the instrument. This study provides support for the equivalence of the Chinese and US–English versions of the SF-36.     

Translation and psychometric testing of the Basque version of the SF-36 Health Survey

Introduction: The primary goals of this study were to adapt the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire to the Basque language and to assess the translated questionnaires psychometric properties. Methods: Two pilot studies and a field study were conducted in 1999. The pathologies selected were hypertension, eating disorders, back pain, and HIV infection; blood donors were also included. The analyses conducted at item-level were: item internal consistency, item discriminant validity, equal item variance, and equal item-scale correlation. Internal consistency was measured at the scale level. Reproducibility, convergent validity and discriminant validity were also examined. Results: 285 individuals took part in the study; sufficient data were obtained for 265 (93%). All items correlated higher than 0.4 with their hypothesized scales. Within each scale, item standard deviations were similar. Item-scale correlations were also similar. Cronbachs alpha coefficients varied from 0.76 to 0.92. In the test-retest reliability study, which included 54 additional individuals, all scales were above 0.50. Regarding the inter-scale correlation, the majority exceeded the 0.40 coefficient. In the correlation of similar scales of the SF-36 and the Nottingham Health Profile, intraclass correlation coefficient results ranged from 0.29 to 0.62. Conclusions: These results confirm that this new version of the SF-36 has been translated and adapted correctly for the Basque language and that it fulfils, at least partially, the psychometric properties required for this instrument. Further studies, however, are needed to completely validate the Basque version of the SF-36.     

SF-36量表应用于外来勤杂人员健康调查的信度和效度

目的评价SF-36量表在高校外来勤杂人员的信度和效度。方法采用SF-36生存质量量表，由经过统一培训的调查员对广州市某高校133名外来勤杂人员进行面对面现场测试，计算8项内容的评分，分析信度和效度。结果量表中除社会功能（0．69）外，其余各项维度Cronbach，a系数大于0．70；集合效度和区分效度较好；因子分析产生2个公共因子，解释65．13％的方差。结论SF-36量表具有较好的信度与效度，适于评价高校外来勤杂人员的生存质量。     

Measurement bias of the SF-36 Health Survey in older adults with chronic conditions

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to investigate the psychometric properties of the SF-36 in a sample of older adults with chronic conditions and to test whether measurement bias exists based on the levels of comorbidity.

Methods

Participants included were 979 cognitively intact older adults with comorbidities who were interviewed at their homes. We examined the psychometric properties of the SF-36 and conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the assumption of measurement invariance by the levels of comorbidity.

Results

Overall data quality was high and scaling assumptions were generally met with few exceptions. Floor and ceiling effects were present for the role-physical and role-emotional subscales. Using CFA, we found that a three-factor measurement model fits the data well. We identified two violations of measurement invariance. Results showed that participants with high comorbidity level place more emphasis on social functioning (SF) and bodily pain (BP) in relation to physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than those with low comorbidity level.

Conclusions

Measurement bias was present for the SF and BP components of the SF-36 physical HRQoL measure. Researchers should be cautious when considering the use of SF-36 in clinical studies among older adults with comorbidities.     

SF-36健康调查量表中文版的研制及其性能测试

目的 研制SF-36健康调查量表中文版并验证量表维度建立及记分假设、信度和效度。方法 采用多阶段混合型等概率抽样法,用SF-36健康调查量表中文版对1000户家庭的居民进行自评量表式调查;参照国际生命质量评价项目的标准程序,进行正式的心理测验学试验。结果 在收回的1985份问卷中,18岁以上的有效问卷1972份,其中应答者1688人(85．6％),1316人回答了所有条目,372人有1个或以上的缺失答案,无应答者中文盲、半文盲占65．5％。等距假设在活力(VT)和精神健康(MH)维度被打破了,按重编码后值计算维度分数;条目集群的分布接近源量表及其他2个中文译本;除了生理功能(PF)、躯体疼痛(BP)、社会功能(SF)维度,其余维度有相似的标准差;除了SF、VT维度,其余6个维度条目维度相关一致;除了SF维度,7个维度集合效度成功率范围为75％～100％,,区分效度成功率范围为87．5％～100％。一致性信度系数除了SF、VT维度,其余6维度变化范围为0．72～0．88,满足群组比较的要求。两周重测信度变化范围为0．66～0．94。因子分析产生了2个主成分,分别代表生理健康和心理健康,解释了56．3％的总方差。结论 为SF-36健康调查量表适用于中国提供了证据,已知群效度试验将为量表效度提供更有意义的证据。     

Validity and reliability of the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire in patients with coronary artery disease

The validity and reliability of the SF-36 has been studied in 185 patients hospitalized with suspected ischemic cardiopathy, classified into four groups (AMI, unstable angina, nonischemic cardiologies, and absence of cardiologies). The validity of the construct has been analyzed by means of the association of the SF-36 with sociodemographic and clinical variables, and with diagnostic groups. The correlation of the subscales with GHQ-28 scores and the factorial structure have been studied. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha and the item-internal consistency and item-discriminant validity. The validation result was as expected, although the scores were significantly lower in patients with unstable angina, only in the PF, VT, and GH subscales. The correlations with the GHQ-28 were high for MH and VT. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.72-0.94). Factorial analysis identified eight factors, with the "anxiety" component of subscale MH remaining as an independent factor. These results suggest that the SF-36 is a useful scale for the differentiated clinical forms of ischemic cardiopathy, with the additional capability of reflecting the level of anxiety in these patients.     

Assessment of Differential Item Functioning for Demographic Comparisons in the MOS SF-36 Health Survey

Objective: To investigate whether items of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) with respect to age, education, race, and gender. Methods: The data for this study come from two large national datasets, the MOS and the 1990 National Survey of Functional Health Status (NSFHS). We used logistic regression to identify items exhibiting DIF. Results: We found DIF to be most problematic for age comparisons. Items flagged for age DIF were vigorous activities, bend/kneel/stoop, bathing or dressing, limited in kind of work, health in general, get sick easier than others, expect health to get worse, felt calm and peaceful, and all four vitality items. Items flagged for education DIF include vigorous activities, health in general, health is excellent, felt calm and peaceful, and been a happy person. Vigorous activities, walk more than a mile, health in general, and expect health to get worse were identified as DIF when comparing African-Americans with whites. No items were identified for gender DIF. Conclusions: We found several consistent patterns of DIF using two national datasets with different population characteristics. In the current study, the effect of DIF rarely transferred to the scale level. Further research is needed to corroborate these results and determine qualitatively why DIF may occur for these specific items. This work was completed while Dr. McHorney was at Indiana University. Dr. McHorney is now with Outcomes Research & Management, Merck & Co., Inc.     

Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, V.1

Background  

The SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores were derived using an uncorrelated (orthogonal) factor solution. We estimate SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores using a correlated (oblique) physical and mental health factor model.     

Cultural Issues in Using the SF-36 Health Survey in Asia: Results from Taiwan

Background  

The feasibility of using the SF-36 in non-Western cultures is important for researchers seeking to understand cultural influences upon health status perceptions. This paper reports on the performance of the Taiwan version of the SF-36, including the implications of cultural influences.     

SF-36问卷应用于老年人群生命质量的研究

目的：利用SF－36问卷调查社区老年人群的生命质量，探讨影响生命质量的因素。方法：面对面访谈调查生命质量及影响因素，利用Logistic逐步回归分析调查资料。结果：社区老年人群的生理健康评分较好，但心理健康较差。年龄、性别、婚姻状况和医疗费用是生理健康的主要影响因素；年龄、性别、经济收入和子女状况是心理健康的主要影响因素。结论：一些人口社会学特征影响老年人的生命质量，因此，家庭和社会应该更多地关注老年人的生活环境和医疗条件，提高老年人的健康水平。