尿液卵泡刺激素β亚单位及孕二醇-3-葡糖苷酸酶免法测定及临床意义

To study the profiles of daily urinary FSH-β and PdG in normal reproductive and postpsrtum women,and its application in the field of reproductive medicine.Daily urinary FSH and PdG were measured with enzyme immunoassay(EIA)during menstrual cycles in 20 normal reproductive age and from day 40 to 70 of postpartum period in 20 postpartum women.The postpartum women were also examined three times by B ultrasonic test to observe the development of follicles.It showed that mean peak level of FSH in normal reproductive age women were reached 11.38±4.69 ng/mg Cr at the cycle day 15.2±0.8，PdG were reached 15.51±5.15 μg/mg Cr in the mid-luteal phase.Ovulation occurred at mean cycle day 15.2±0.8.No peak levels of FSH or PdG was found in the urine of postpartum women.B ultrasonic test showed there was no matured follicle 70 days postpartum.The EIA of presented reproductive hormones or their metabolites are of great practical value in the fields of clinic laboratory,evaluation of ovulation,monitoring ovarian function and other reproductive endocrinologic studies.     

脓毒症大鼠循环内皮祖细胞的数量变化及其意义

目的 观察并分析脓毒症时循环内皮祖细胞(cEPCs)数量变化及其意义.方法 采用盲肠结扎穿孔术制备雄性SD大鼠脓毒症模型(80只),设正常对照组(16只)、假手术组(80只).于制模后即刻、6、12、18 h及1、2、3、7 d各组取9只大鼠,动态观察外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中cEPCs数(流式细胞学法)及血中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、D-二聚体[酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)]和抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ,免疫浊度法)水平,肝、肾、肺组织湿/干重(W/D)比值.制模后1 d各组取8只大鼠,观察肝、肾、肺组织病理学变化及损伤评分.结果 制模后脓毒症大鼠cEPCs数量明显升高,于18 h达高峰[(7 161.9±689.8)个/106 PBMCs];血中TNF-α、IL-10、D-二聚体、AT-Ⅲ升高,分别于制模后12 h、12 h、3 d、18 h达峰值[(51.3±6.8) ng/L、(77.9±8.6) ng/L、(93.5±11.5) mg/L、(193.8±43.0) mg/L];肝、肾、肺W/D比值和组织损伤评分增加[18 h W/D比值:肝3.79±0.09,肾4.25±0.08,肺4.91±0.09;1 d组织损伤评分(分):肝1.86±0.26,肾5.14±0.34,肺6.57±0.37].模型组上述各指标均显著高于同期假手术组[18 h cEPCs数量(2 235.5±472.7)个/106 PBMCs,12 h TNF-α (14.3±5.8) ng/L,12 h IL-10 (35.0±5.8) ng/L,3 d D-二聚体(14.2±4.4) mg/L,18 h AT-Ⅲ (100.1±12.8) mg/L;18 h W/D比值:肝3.50±0.07,肾3.96±0.04,肺4.54±0.14;1 d组织损伤评分(分):肝0.29±0.18,肾0.57±0.20,肺1.14±0.51,P<0.05或P<0.01].相关分析显示,cEPCs数量与TNF-α(r=0.587)、IL-10(r=0.497)、D-二聚体(r=0.294)、AT-Ⅲ(r=0.690)及肝、肾、肺W/D比值(r1=0.532、r2=0.532、r3=0.679)均呈正相关(均P＜0.01).结论 脓毒症时cEPCs数量明显升高,其变化与炎症反应、凝血激活、毛细血管渗漏和组织损伤程度呈正相关.提示cEPCs数量增加是机体对脓毒症的反应,且数量变化可能代表炎症反应和内皮与组织损伤的程度.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the change in number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) and analyze its significance in septic rat. Methods Septic model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was reproduced by cecum ligation and puncture (n=80), and the normal control group (n=16) and sham operation group (n=80) were established. Nine rats in each group were used, and the cEPCs numbers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, by flow cytometry), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), D-dimer (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA), antithrombase-Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ, by immunonephelometry), wet/dry (W/D) ratio of liver, kidney and lung were determined at 0, 6, 12, 18 hours and 1, 2, 3, 7 days after reproduction of model. Eight rats in each group were used, and the pathologic changes in liver, kidney and lung at 1 day were observed, and the injury scores were evaluated. Results The cEPCs number was markedly increased, reaching the peak [(7 161.9±689.8)/106 PBMCs] at 18 hours. Circulating TNF-α, IL-10, D-dimer, AT-Ⅲ were found to be increased, and the levels reached the peak at 12 hours, 12 hours, 3 days, 18 hours, respectively [(51.3±6.8) ng/L, (77.9±8.6) ng/L, (93.5±11.5) mg/L, (193.8±43.0) mg/L]. W/D ratio was elevated and signs of injury to the liver, kidney, lung became more obvious (18-hour W/D of liver: 3.79±0.09, kidney: 4.25±0.08, lung: 4.91±0.09; 1-day tissue evaluation of liver: 1.86±0.26, kidney: 5.14±0.34, lung: 6.57±0.37). The levels of all parameters in model group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group [18-hour cEPCs numbers: (2 235.5±472.7)/106 PBMCs, 12-hour TNF-α: (14.3±5.8) ng/L, 12-hour IL-10: (35.0±5.8) ng/L, 3-day D-dimer: (14.2±4.4) mg/L, 18-hour AT-Ⅲ: (100.1±12.8) mg/L; 18-hour liver W/D ratio: 3.50±0.07, kidney: 3.96±0.04, lung: 4.54±0.14; 1-day tissue evaluation of liver: 0.29±0.18, kidney: 0.57±0.20, lung: 1.14±0.51, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. There was positive correlation between cEPCs numbers and TNF-α (r=0.587), IL-10 (r=0.497), D-dimer (r=0.294), AT-Ⅲ (r=0.690), and W/D ratio of liver, kidney, lung (r1=0.532, r2=0.532, r3=0.679, all P<0.01). Conclusion The cEPCs number markedly increases in septic rats, and it shows positive correlation with the degree of inflammatory reaction, blood clotting activation, capillary leakage and tissue damage. The increase of number of cEPCs is the result of reaction to sepsis, and its change in number might be valuable in evaluating the pathogenesis of sepsis.     

液相色谱-串联质谱方法检测血清中极长链脂肪酸含量

目的 建立一种检测血清中极长链脂肪酸的LC-MS/MS方法.方法 收集2009年4-6月35份疑似ALD患者血清样本,采用LC-MS/MS方法检测血清中极长链脂肪酸含量.分析加样回收率、精密度及准确度,研究在常温放置和反复冻融条件下血清样本中极长链脂肪酸含量的稳定性.同时,用该方法测定101份健康人血清中极长链脂肪酸含量,统计测定值并进行分析.随机抽取35份血清,测定结果与德国柏林医学诊断检验中心(MDI)实验室测定数值进行比对.结果 血清样本中的极长链脂肪酸在梯度洗脱条件下分离良好,杂质干扰程度小.山萮酸(behenate,C22:0)的线性范围为2～64 mg/L,加样回收率为99.92%～102.05%,日内RSD≤6%,日间RSD≤9%;木焦油酸(tetracosanoicacid,C24:0)线性范围为2～64 mg/L,加样回收率为95.12%～100.44%,日内RSD≤6%,日间RSD≤7%;蜡酸(hexacosanoic acid,C26:0)线性范围为0～8 mg/L,加样回收率为92.21%～103.71%,日内RSD≤7%,日间RSD≤8%.山萮酸、木焦油酸和蜡酸的准确度均在85%～115%之间.样本在常温条件下放置12 h、反复冻融10次可以保持稳定.检测101份健康人血清中极长链脂肪酸含量服从正态分布,山萮酸含量为(19.43±4.43)mg/L,木焦油酸含量为(19.10±4.58)mg/L,蜡酸含量为(0.21±0.11)mg/L,计算木焦油酸/山萮酸和蜡酸/山箭酸比值分别为(0.99±0.13)和(0.01±0.01).统计结果显示,成年人血清中蜡酸(0.18±0.10)mg/L和木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(1.01±0.10)和未成年人血清中蜡酸(0.21±0.08)mg/L和木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(0.99±0.14)差异无统计学意义(t分别为1.439、0.806,P均＞0.05);男性健康人血清中木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(1.05±0.10)与女性健康人血清中木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(0.97±0.10)差异有统计学意义(t=3.394,P=0.001).与德国MDI实验室比对结果发现,本研究测定的山萮酸含量(16.93±4.30)mg/L和木焦油酸含量(19.57±6.40)mg/L与德国MDI实验室测定的山萮酸含量(13.85±3.17)mg/L和木焦油酸含量(16.10±5.84)mg/L差异有统计学意义(t分别为8.401和9.914,P均=0.000),而本研究测定的蜡酸含量(0.68±0.48)mg/L、木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(1.20±0.40)和蜡酸/山萮酸比值(0.04±0.04)与德国MDI实验室测定的蜡酸含量(0.65±0.67)mg/L、木焦油酸/山萮酸比值(1.19±0.43)和蜡酸/山萮酸比值(0.05±0.05)差异无统计学意义(t分别为0.372、0.317、0.945,P均＞0.05).结论 应用LC-MS/MS方法检测血清中极长链脂肪酸,具有较好的准确度和灵敏性,特异性强,稳定性好,能为临床诊断提供重要的生化依据.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a method for very long chain fatty acids( VLCFA )with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS/MS ). Methods One hundred and one healthy cases and 35 suspected ALD patients collected from April to June in 2009 were enrolled into this study. Quantitative analyzed the concentrations of VLCFA in serum was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The precision, accuracy and recovery were analyzed, and the stability of VLCFA concentration of sample under room temperature and repeated freeze-thawing were also investigated. Serum levels of VLCFA in 101 normal cases were determined and analyzed statistically. The results for the 35 randomly chosen serum samples were compared with those from MDI in Germany. Results Serum VLCFA were separated well under these gradient condition with small interference. The linear range of C22:0 was from 2 mg/L to 64 mg/L, the recovery was 99. 92% -102. 05%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD ) of intra-day and inter-day was less than 6% and 9% respectively. For C24:0 they were 2-64 mg/L. 95. 12%-100. 44%. ≤6%, ≤7%,respectively. For C26:0, they were 0-8 mg/L, 92.21%-103.71%, ≤7%, ≤8%, respectively. The accuracy of C22: 0,C24:0 and C26:0 were among 85% to 115%. The samples could be stable within 12 h at room temperature and repeated 10 times freeze-thawing. The values of VLCFA in 101 normal cases followed a normal distribution and the measured values were C22:0 =( 19. 43 ±4.43 ) mg/L,C24:0 =( 19. 10 ±4. 58 )mg/L, C26:0 = ( 0. 21 ± 0. 11 ) mg/L, the ratio of C24: 0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22: 0 were ( 0. 99 ± 0. 13 )and ( 0. 01 ±0. 01 ) respectively. The statistical analysis showed the concentration of C26:0 in adults ( 0. 18±0. 10 ) mg/L and children ( 0. 21 ± 0. 08 ) mg/L, C24: 0/C22:0 in adults ( 1.01 ± 0. 10 ) and children ( 0. 99 ±0. 14 ) has no significant( t values were 1. 439,0. 806, respectively, all P ＞ 0. 05 ); the ratio of C24:0/C22:0 in male (1.05 ± 0. 10 ) and female (0.97 ± 0. 10 ) has significant difference ( t =3. 394,P =0. 001 ). Compared the values determined by MDI laboratory, the results of C22: 0( 16. 93 ±4. 30 ) mg/L,C24: 0( 19. 57 ± 6. 40 ) mg/L by this method and C22:0 ( 13.85 ± 3. 17 ) mg/L, C24:0( 16. 10 ±5.84 ) mg/L by MDI have significant differences( t = 8. 401 ,P =0. 000;t =9. 914,P =0. 000 ),but C26:0( 0.68 ±0.48 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22:0( 1.20 ±0.40 ), C26: 0/C22:0 ( 0.04 ±0.04 )by this method and C26: 0( 0. 65 ± 0. 67 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22: 0( 1.19 ± 0. 43 ), C26:0/C22: 0 ( 0. 05 ± 0. 05 )by MDI have no differences( t values were 0. 372,0. 317,0. 945 ,respectively ,all P ＞0. 05 ). Conclusions The quantitative analysis method for serum very long chain fatty acid using LC-MS/MS is accurate, sensitive,specific and stable. It could provide important biochemistry information for diagnosis in clinic.     

重型颅脑损伤患者凝血纤溶标志物动态观察(英文)

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes and the clinic significance of coagulation and fibrinolysis markers in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma.Methods Thirty three consecutive patients [Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤8 and APACHE Ⅱ≥10] including 10 women and 23 men with age of (46.3±16.3) years old and with severe craniocerebral trauma were enrolled in this study.Endothelin(ET),alpha-granular membrane protein-140(GMP-140) and D-dimer(DD) were measured at 1st day,3rd day and 7th day of admission,h...     

肠内免疫营养对多发伤患者免疫功能的影响

Objective To study the effects of enteral immunonutrition on immune function in patients with multiple trauma. Method A total of 32 patients with multiple trauma admitted to general ICU in ChangZheng hospital, Shanghai from March 2007 to May 2008 were randomly (random number) divided into two groups,enteral immunonutrition group (EIN group, n = 16)and the general formula enteral nutrition group (EN group, n = 16).Two groups of patients on the third day after injury began to accept the EIN and the general formula EN which respectively support at least 14 days. The patients peripheral blood lymphocyte count (TLC), immunoglobulin (IgG,IgM, IgA) ,and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) were detected on the day of the group formation, the seventh and the fortteenth day of the nutritional support. Results TLC, IgG, IgM, IgA, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher in EIN Group on the 7th and 14th day than that on the first day ( P ＜0.05), and extended with the EIN and sustained increase. All immunization indicators of EN group on the 7th day were no significant changes compared with the day of the group formation, and on the 14 th day TLC, IgG, IgM,IgA, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher than that on the day of the group formation ( P ＜ 0.05),but were significantly lower than that in the EIN group on the 14th day ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Compared with the general formula EN, EIN is more helpful to restore and increase the humoral and cellular immune function in early post-multitraumatic phase.     

瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产时前置胎盘风险的评估

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫再次妊娠伴有前置胎盘再次行剖宫产的并发症及其防治.方法 收集分析2006年1月至2010年4月在我院行单胎再次剖宫产337例患者的临床资料,其中伴有前置胎盘者26例,同期单胎初次剖宫产6832例,其中伴有前置胎盘者201例.结果 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的前置胎盘发生率为7.72%(26/337),明显高于初次剖宫产组的2.94%(201/6832),差异有统计学意义(x2=22.33,P＜0.01);且更易并发中央性前置胎盘(42.30%与0.00%,x2=0.43,P＜0.01).瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘再次剖宫产组的子宫破裂率、胎盘植入率、产后出血率、子宫切除率分别为26.92%(7/26)、23.08%(6/26)、26.92%(7/26)、7.69%(2/26),而瘢痕子宫不伴前置胎盘组的以上发生率分别为2.57%(8/311)、0.32%(1/311)、1.29%(4/311)、0.00%(0/311),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为27.97、50.41、42.16、12.79,P均＜0.01).结论 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠时前置胎盘发生率增加,且中央性比例增高,瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘更易发生子宫破裂、胎盘植入、产后出血,甚至切除子宫,故降低剖宫产率、降低风险、提高产科质量非常重要.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the complications and the treatments of repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia. Methods We performed a retrospective study in 6832 cases underwent first cesarean delivery,within which 201 cases were accompanied by the placenta praevia;and 337 cases underwent repeated cesarean deliver, within which 26 cases were accompanied by the placenta praevia. All subjects accepted cesarean delivery from January2006 toApril 2010 in our hospital. Results The occurrence rate of placenta previa was significantly higher in the repeated cesarean delivery than first-ever cesarean delivery (7. 72% vs 2. 94%, x2 = 22. 33, P ＜ 0. 01 ) , especially the occurrence of complete placenta previa (42. 30% vs 0. 00%, x2 = 80. 43, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The rates of uterus rupture, placenta accreta, postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy (r = 26. 92% ,23.08% ,26. 92% and 7. 69%, respectively) in repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia were significantly higher than those of the cases ( r = 2. 57% ,0. 32%, 1.29% and 0. 00%, respectively ) had repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy but no placenta previa ( x2 = 27.97,50. 41,42. 16,12. 79, respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The incidence of placenta previa increased in scar uterus pregnancy, especially the complete placental previa.Scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia are more likely to occur uterus rupture,placenta accreta,postpartum hemorrhage and had hysterectomy. Obstetricians should give more effort to reduce the cesarean section rate,improve the quality of medical care.     

脓毒症患者血清可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1水平及与预后的关系

Objective To approach the relationship between the contents of soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods Using prospective, control study design, a total of 50 patients with sepsis who were admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from March to December in the year of 2009 were enrolled. Firstly, the patients were divided into sepsis (n=28) and severe sepsis (n=22) groups according to the patients' condition. Then the patients were divided into survival group (n = 34) and death group (n = 16)according to the clinical outcome at 28 days after onset of sepsis. Clinical and laboratory data including blood routine tests, blood chemistry, blood gas analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were collected on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after onset. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ ) score was determined. sTREM-1 levels were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Correlation analysis of the sTREM-1, APACHE I score, white blood cell count (WBC) and CRP, using Logistic regression analysis. A total of 30 healthy persons were enrolled into the control group. Results The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in 50 septic patients on the 1st day were higher than those of the healthy persons (52. 80±9. 30 vs. 23. 29±6. 22, P＜0. 01). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in severe sepsis group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day (58. 25±10. 59, 65. 75±13. 57, 50.18±21. 73) were higher than those of the sepsis group (48.55±5.20, 42.85±8.54, 34.02±12.86, P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) of the survival group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day (53. 07± 10. 47, 45. 04±9. 89,32. 84 ±8. 42) were decreased with the progression of the ailment. The sTREM-1 levels did not differ significantly between the control group and survival group on the 7th day (P＞0. 05). The sTREM-1 levels (ng/L) in the death group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day were increased with the progression of the ailment (52.27±6.42, 69.67±12.83, 75. 70± 10. 55), and the level was significantly higher than that in survival group on the 3rd and 7th day (both P＜0. 01). The contents of sTREM-1 were positive correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score (r= 0.657, P＜0. 01), but not correlated with WBC (r= 0.023, P＞0. 05), whilesomewhat correlated with CRP (r=0. 150, P＜0.10). Logistic regression analysis showed that sTREM-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 0. 893,P = 0. 000] and APACHE I score (OR = 0.771, P = 0.000) might be potential prognostic factors for septic patients. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0. 868 and 0.930. The sensitivity of prognostic evaluation was 81.1% and specificity was 74.5% with sTREM-1 50 ng/L, and the sensitivity was 83. 8% and specificity was 86. 3% with APACHE Ⅱ score 20 to estimate the outcome. Conclusion The serum sTREM-1 are elevated at early stage in sepsis patients. It can reflect the severity of the condition. The sTREM-1 level, which might be considered as a potential prognostic factor for septic patients, is significantly correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score.     

脓毒症患者血浆可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1水平及意义

Objective To observe the dynamic changes in plasma soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), and to approach the effect on predicting outcome of the patient with sepsis combined with sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Methods Using prospective,randomly control study design, 32 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University suffering from sepsis between May 2009 and June 2010 were collected. They were divided into survival group (n = 21) and non-survival group (n=11) according to 28-day survival. Platelet count (PLT) was determined on the 1st, 3rd, 7th day and SOFA score was assessed. Levels of sTREM-1 in plasma were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Twenty-five health volunteers served as controls. Results The PLT was (248. 88 ± 48.62)×109/L and the level of sTREM-1 was 25.7 (21.5, 53.3) ng/L in the control group. In non-survivors, the level of PLT (×109/L) was significantly lower on 1st day with a tendency of degression (the level on 1st, 3rd, 7th day was 95. 77 ±47.42, 91. 92±35.78, 82.31±31.04, respectively), SOFA score decreased gradually (the score on 1st,3rd, 7th day was 12.36±4.30, 10.90±5.32, 7.87±4.60, respectively). On the contrary, the level of sTREM-1 (ng/L) was significantly higher on 1st day with a tendency of elevation [the level on 1st, 3rd, 7th day was 360. 5 (262. 2, 434. 5), 373. 5 (263.1, 495. 6), 496. 6 (380. 0, 571. 8), respectively]. In survivors,PLT (×109/L) began to decrease on the 3rd day, and then it increased (the level on 1st, 3rd, 7th day was 152. 94±85. 59, 136.18±75. 30, 165. 41±61. 36, respectively), SOFA score lowered gradually (the score on 1st, 3rd, 7th day was 6. 76±2. 71, 4. 29±2. 31, 2. 52±1. 03, respectively), the peak level of sTREM-1 (ng/L) appeared on the 1st day, then it decreased gradually [the level on 1st, 3rd, 7th day was 204.1 (175.0, 269.6), 164.0 (145.9, 194.2), 81.5 (62.1, 109.0), respectively]. PLT was significantly lower,and SOFA score and sTREM-1 were significantly higher in non-survivors than those of survivors at different time points (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). The level of sTREM-1 showed obvious negative correlation with PLT (r=-0.257, P = 0.042), positive correlation with SOFA score (r=0.736, P = 0.002). Conclusion The plasma sTREM-1 concentration was elevated at the early stage in patients with sepsis. Dynamic changes in sTREM-1 level combined with SOFA score may be helpful in predicting outcome of the patient with sepsis.     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀治疗原发性高血压伴阵发性心房颤动的疗效观察

Objective To study the efficacy of trimctazidine combined with atorvastatin for primary hypertension with paroxysmal auricular fibrillation,and its effects on LAD and CRP. Methods 160 patients of pri-mary hypertension with paroxysmal auricular fibrillation were randomly divided into 4 groups. Forty patients were treated with amiodarone (control group),600 mg/d for the first week,400 mg/d for the second week and 200 mg/d later;40 patients were treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/d,3 times per day) in addition to amiodarone (the atorvasat-in group);40 patients were treated with trimetazidine (20 mg/d,3 times per day) in addition to armiodarone (the trimetazidine group);40 patients were treated with combination of trimetazidine and atorvastatin in addition to amiod-atone (the combination group),and the dose was the same as the above groups. The treatment was started within 24 hours of recovering from paroxysmal auricular fibrillation and lasted for 1 year. Results After 1 year there was 1 pa-the control group,and 62.5% (25/40) for the atorvasatin group,64.1% (25/39) for the trimetazidine group,and 84.6% (33/39) for the combination group. Compared to the control group,the effective rate of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly higher (X2=4.56、5.13、17.55,P<0.05). The effective rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (X2=4.95、4.30,P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of effective rate between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group(X2= >0.05). After treatment LAD was (40.96+1.81) mm in the control group,(38.65±1.90) mm in the atorvasatin group,(39.15±1.85)mm in the trimetazidine group,and (37.22±1.74) mm in the combination group. LAD of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly different from the control group(F=3.42,P<0.05). LAD of the combina-tion group was significantly smaller than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of the LAD between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the 4 groups on CRP before treatment (F=0.96,P>0.05). After treat-ment CRP was (8.85±1.45) mg/L in the control group,(5.96±1.26) mg/L in the atorvasatin group,(6.81± 1.37) mg/L in the trimetazidine group,and (3.75±1.15) mg/L in the combination group. CRP of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly different from the control group (F=3.63,P<0.05). CRP of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P<0.05),and there was no signif-icant difference of CRP between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment with trmetazidine combined with atorvastatin could prevent recurrence of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation though anti-inflammatory and inhibiting the remodeling of left atrial.     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀治疗原发性高血压伴阵发性心房颤动的疗效观察

Objective To study the efficacy of trimctazidine combined with atorvastatin for primary hypertension with paroxysmal auricular fibrillation,and its effects on LAD and CRP. Methods 160 patients of pri-mary hypertension with paroxysmal auricular fibrillation were randomly divided into 4 groups. Forty patients were treated with amiodarone (control group),600 mg/d for the first week,400 mg/d for the second week and 200 mg/d later;40 patients were treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/d,3 times per day) in addition to amiodarone (the atorvasat-in group);40 patients were treated with trimetazidine (20 mg/d,3 times per day) in addition to armiodarone (the trimetazidine group);40 patients were treated with combination of trimetazidine and atorvastatin in addition to amiod-atone (the combination group),and the dose was the same as the above groups. The treatment was started within 24 hours of recovering from paroxysmal auricular fibrillation and lasted for 1 year. Results After 1 year there was 1 pa-the control group,and 62.5% (25/40) for the atorvasatin group,64.1% (25/39) for the trimetazidine group,and 84.6% (33/39) for the combination group. Compared to the control group,the effective rate of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly higher (X2=4.56、5.13、17.55,P<0.05). The effective rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (X2=4.95、4.30,P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of effective rate between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group(X2= >0.05). After treatment LAD was (40.96+1.81) mm in the control group,(38.65±1.90) mm in the atorvasatin group,(39.15±1.85)mm in the trimetazidine group,and (37.22±1.74) mm in the combination group. LAD of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly different from the control group(F=3.42,P<0.05). LAD of the combina-tion group was significantly smaller than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of the LAD between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the 4 groups on CRP before treatment (F=0.96,P>0.05). After treat-ment CRP was (8.85±1.45) mg/L in the control group,(5.96±1.26) mg/L in the atorvasatin group,(6.81± 1.37) mg/L in the trimetazidine group,and (3.75±1.15) mg/L in the combination group. CRP of the 3 treatment groups were all significantly different from the control group (F=3.63,P<0.05). CRP of the combination group was significantly lower than that of the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P<0.05),and there was no signif-icant difference of CRP between the atorvasatin group and the trimetazidine group (P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment with trmetazidine combined with atorvastatin could prevent recurrence of paroxysmal auricular fibrillation though anti-inflammatory and inhibiting the remodeling of left atrial.     

正常孕妇血浆D-二聚体的检测与分析

目的探讨正常孕妇血浆D-二聚体的变化特点,建立本实验室正常孕妇血浆D-二聚体的参考区间。方法选取正常孕妇664例、非孕正常女性对照者100名(正常对照组),产后发生弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)或静脉血栓患者18例。将正常孕产妇按孕周分为5组:(1)孕20周(127例);(2)孕20~32周(86例);(3)孕32周至临产≥32周(191例);(4)产后第1天(130例);(5)产后第2天(130例)。采用SYSMEX CA7000全自动凝血仪检测所有正常孕妇及正常对照组血浆D-二聚体浓度,确定相应的参考区间。孕妇D-二聚体浓度呈偏态分布,采用百分位数(P95)表示参考区间的单侧上限。采用建立的参考区间评估18例产后发生DIC或静脉血栓孕产妇的D-二聚体水平,验证该参考区间的有效性。结果 D-二聚体随着妊娠期的延长逐渐升高,从20周开始至32周逐渐上升,32周以后升高幅度最大,孕20周组、孕20~32周组及孕≥32周组D-二聚体参考区间分别为1.54 mg/L、3.46 mg/L及4.96 mg/L;分娩过程中D-二聚体发生了大幅度的变化,产后第l天急剧升高,至产后第2天明显下降,基本恢复至妊娠末期水平。产后第1天及产后第2天参考区间分别为11.76 mg/L、5.87 mg/L。5组间D-二聚体水平差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。正常对照组和孕妇组D-二聚体浓度低于排除DVT临界值(0.5 mg/L)的比例分别为92.3%、55.1%、7.0%、1.0%、0.2%和0.7%。采用上述参考区间评估18例产后发生DIC或静脉血栓孕产妇的D-二聚体水平,均为阳性结果。结论初步建立本实验室正常孕妇血浆D-二聚体参考区间,妊娠中后期D-二聚体已不具备特异性,不能作为排除诊断依据。     

血浆D-二聚体在临产孕妇分娩前后及分娩方式中的应用研究

目的 评价孕妇分娩前后以及分娩方式体内血浆D-二聚体水平变化的临床意义.方法 收集184例临产孕妇和非孕健康对照组40例,将临产孕妇分成自然分娩组(n=83),剖宫产组(n=101);采用酶免荧光法和凝固法检测孕妇血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平,评价D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原的相关性,并随访其妊娠结局,行弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)追踪.结果 剖宫产组年龄、孕龄、住院天数明显大于自然分娩组;所有孕妇体内D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),孕妇产后D-二聚体水平高于分娩前,而且剖宫产组产后第1天D-二聚体水平也显著高于自然分娩组产后第1天(P<0.01);临产孕妇中共有5例发生产后DIC,D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原无相关性(P>0.05).结论 妊娠妇女机体处于高凝状态,体内血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平明显高于非孕健康人群,然而对于高危人群应该动态监测D-二聚体水平,降低血栓事件的发生.     

不同分娩方式对产后出血低危孕妇出血量的影响

  目的  比较不同分娩方式对产后出血低危孕妇出血量的影响。  方法  对2008年11月1日至2009年10月31日在北京协和医院正规产检足月单胎妊娠分娩产妇进行回顾性分析, 排除产后出血高危人群(包括前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、重度子痫前期)。所有入选产妇均于分娩前及产后48 h测定血常规, 比较剖宫产组与阴道分娩组血红蛋白(hemoglobin, HGB)和红细胞压积(hematocrit, HCT)的变化值, 分析影响产后出血量的因素。  结果  (1) 择期剖宫产组产后HGB下降中位数是-3 g/L(-10, -3 g/L), HCT下降中位数是-1%(-3.1%, -1.1%); 阴道分娩组HGB下降中位数是-8 g/L(-17, 0 g/L), HCT下降中位数是-2.8%(-5.4%, -0.1%)。剖宫产组HGB和HCT差值明显小于阴道分娩组(P=0.000)。(2)阴道分娩组中未行侧切组HGB下降中位数是-2.0 g/L(-12.7, 4 g/L), HCT下降中位数是-1.0%(-3.98%, 1.4%), 与择期剖宫产组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.961, 0.691)。(3)吸引器助产、会阴侧切、产后刮宫是阴道分娩组产后出血量多的危险因素。  结论  产后出血低危孕妇, 阴道分娩出血量多于剖宫产分娩; 导致阴道分娩出血量增加的高危因素包括吸引器助产、会阴侧切和产后刮宫。     

D-dimer levels during delivery and the postpartum

BACKGROUND: D-dimer (DD) measurement has proved to be very useful to exclude venous thromboembolism (VTE) in outpatients. However, during pregnancy, the progressive increase as well as the interindividual variations of DD means that in this instance they are of poor value to rule out VTE. Only a few studies have reported measurements of DD levels in the postpartum. OBJECTIVES: To measure DD sequentially in the puerperium in order to determine when DD levels return to values obtained in non-pregnant women and can again be used in the exclusion of VTE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After uncomplicated pregnancies, 150 women delivering at term either vaginally (n = 100) or by cesarean section (n = 50) were included. DD levels were measured immediately following delivery and next at days 1, 3, 10, 30 and 45. RESULTS: There was a marked elevation of DD at delivery, especially when instrumental. All DD measurements were above 500 ng mL(-1) at delivery, at day 1 and at day 3 postpartum. A sharp decrease in DD was observed between day 1 and day 3, followed by a slight increase at day 10. At day 30 and day 45, respectively, 79% and 93% of women in the vaginal delivery group and 70% and 83% in the cesarean group had levels below 500 ng mL(-1). Bleeding, breastfeeding and heparin prophylaxis did not modify DD levels significantly. CONCLUSION: Using the Vidas DD new assay, our study provides reference intervals for DD in the postpartum period. Using a cut-off at 500 ng mL(-1), DD measurement for ruling out VTE was found to be useful again 4 weeks after delivery.     

超高龄孕妇终止妊娠时机探讨

目的探讨超高龄孕妇终止妊娠时机对母婴结局的影响。 方法回顾性分析佛山市第一人民医院产科2016年2月至2019年1月160例超高龄孕妇分娩的资料,依据产妇分娩时妊娠周数分为超预产期妊娠组（40~41周,共33例）和正常足月妊娠组（37~39^＋6周,共127例）。对两组患者的年龄、距离前次妊娠时间、分娩前血红蛋白水平、产时体质量指数（BMI）等指标的组间比较采用t检验,对两组患者直接剖宫产、阴道试产失败后转剖宫产、阴道助产、顺产、产后出血、新生儿转儿科、羊水过少、羊水混浊、急性胎儿窘迫、胎膜早破、巨大儿的发生率的组间比较采用χ²检验。 结果超预产期妊娠组与正常足月妊娠组在年龄、距离前次妊娠时间、分娩前血红蛋白水平、产时BMI、直接剖宫产率、阴道试产失败后转剖宫产率、阴道助产率、顺产率、产后出血发生率、新生儿转儿科发生率、胎膜早破发生率、巨大儿发生率等方面差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。超预产期妊娠组与正常足月妊娠组比较,羊水过少发生率（15.15% vs 3.15%,χ²=5.026,P=0.025）、羊水混浊发生率（33.33% vs 3.15%,χ²=24.648,P<0.001）、急性胎儿窘迫发生率（12.12% vs 1.57%,χ²=5.414,P=0.020）均明显增高,差异有统计学意义。 结论超高龄孕妇应选择足月后预产期前终止妊娠,降低发生围产儿不良结局的概率。     

2014—2018年某三甲医院产妇产后出血率及出血量变化趋势分析

目的探讨二胎政策后产后出血的变化趋势,分析产后出血高危因素变化,探索性提出干预措施,以减少产后出血发生。方法回顾性选取2014—2018年在某三甲医院常规产检并住院分娩的8784名产妇,收集产妇的一般情况、产检记录、分娩记录等资料,分析其产后出血率、出血量变化趋势及相关高危因素变化趋势。结果2014—2018年产妇各年间产后出血率、严重产后出血率、出血量变化比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),变化趋势整体呈不增加趋势,其中2017年的产后出血率(16.9%)、严重产后出血率(6.1%)、出血量(540.1±758.2)ml为各年间最高。2014—2018年,高龄产妇、多胎妊娠、产次≥2次、剖宫产史≥2次所占百分比呈上升趋势,产前血红蛋白含量≤110 g/L的产妇呈下降趋势,顺产比例整体呈下降趋势(P<0.05),急诊剖宫产比例整体呈上升趋势,胎盘娩出时间延长在15~30 min的占比下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),30 min及以上未发现明显趋势。结论2014—2018年某三甲医院产妇产后出血率、严重产后出血率、出血量变化趋势整体呈不增加趋势,但高危孕产妇所占比例逐渐增加,因此,应对孕产妇进行妊娠风险评估分级,并结合我国生育人群结构的变化,制订合适的产后出血高危因素评估工具,减少产后出血的发生。     

D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is known to increase the D-dimer concentration above the conventional normal threshold of 0.50 mg/L, leading to an increased false-positive D-dimer test when venous thromboembolism (VTE) is clinically suspected in a pregnant patient. Our aim was to determine the effect of normal pregnancy on the D-dimer concentration. METHODS: Healthy women who were seeking to become pregnant and had no preexisting condition known to increase the D-dimer concentration were identified. Quantitative D-dimer measurements (MDA turbidimetric assay) and fibrinogen assays were performed before conception, at each trimester, and at 4 weeks postpartum. Patients were excluded for fetal loss or preeclampsia. RESULTS: A total of 50 women were enrolled in the study, and blood samples were obtained at preconception and all trimesters from 23 women. The mean (SD) preconception D-dimer concentration was 0.43 (0.49) mg/L, and 79% of women had a D-dimer concentration <0.50 mg/L. D-Dimer increased with each trimester such that only 22% of women in the second trimester and none (of 23) in the third trimester (95% confidence interval, 0-14%) had a D-dimer concentration <0.50 mg/L. We found no correlation between either the D-dimer and fibrinogen concentrations or between the increases in D-dimer and fibrinogen with pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Normal pregnancy causes a progressive increase in circulating D-dimer. The D-dimer test has no use in ruling out VTE in the third trimester if a cutoff of 0.50 mg/L is used. A large management study is needed to establish new thresholds for the D-dimer to rule out VTE in each trimester.     

Human chorionic gonadatropin (hCG) during third trimester pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: Separate reference values were recently established for routine blood samples during last trimester pregnancy. Previously, these were based on blood samples from healthy men or non-pregnant women. Normal changes in variation in the levels of steroid hormones in the last weeks of pregnancy before delivery are also incompletely investigated. This study of the preterm hormone levels was carried out in the search for events leading to increased contractility that might occur in the predelivery weeks and potentially influence the initiation of delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples during pregnancy weeks 33, 36 and 39 as well as 1-3 h postpartum were collected from pregnant women (19-39 years, mean age 30) with at least one previous pregnancy without hypertension or pre-eclampsia. All women (n = 135) had had a vaginal delivery and spontaneous start of labour. The blood samples were analysed for serum hCG, oestradiol and progesterone. Postpartum, the values were retrospectively rearranged to correspond with the actual week before the day of delivery. RESULTS: During the last trimester of normal pregnancy, a gradual increase was found in oestradiol (median 45980 to 82410 pmol/L), progesterone (median 341 to 675 nmol/L) and a gradual decrease in hCG (median 31833 to 19494 IU/L). Furthermore, a significant (p<0.03) decrease in hCG was found from the third to the second week before delivery, while oestradiol and progesterone continued to increase. CONCLUSIONS: Hormone levels during third-trimester pregnancy have not previously been systematically investigated. Recent data suggest that hCG may have a role as an endogenous tocolytic in normal pregnancy by directly promoting relaxation of uterine contractions. In the present study a significant decrease in serum hCG level was found 2-3 weeks before the spontaneous start of labour. This might contribute to increasing the contractility in the uterine muscle and gradually initiate the onset of labour.     

二胎分娩方式与肛提肌裂孔面积的相关性

目的 分析各种二胎分娩方式对盆底肛提肌裂孔的影响.方法 选取在杭州市妇产科医院2018年3月至2019年2月生产的二胎产妇1606例,在产后42 d至2个月进行产后经会阴盆底三维超声检查,测量静息状态下以及最大Vasalva动作后肛提肌裂孔面积.根据2次妊娠分娩方式分为4组,均为经阴道分娩的为组1(1006例),均为剖...     

Peripartum pain management in opioid dependent women

Increased pain sensitivity and the development of opioid tolerance complicate the treatment of pain experiencedby opioid maintained pregnantwomenduring delivery and the perinatal period. Theaim of the present study was to investigate differences in pain management of opioid maintained compared to nondependent pregnant women during delivery and the postpartum period. 40 deliveries of 37 opioid dependent women enrolled in a double‐blind, double‐dummy randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the safety and efficacy of methadone (mean dose at the time of delivery = 63.89 mg) and buprenorphine (mean dose at the time of delivery = 14.05 mg) during pregnancy were analyzed and participants were matched to a non‐dependent comparison group of 80 pregnant women. Differences in pain management (opioid and non‐opioid analgesic medication) during delivery and perinatal period were analyzed. Following cesarean delivery opioid maintained women received significantly less opioid analgesics (day of delivery p = 0.038; day 1: p = 0.02), NSAIDs were administered more frequently to opioid dependent patients than to the comparison group during cesarean section and on the third day postpartum. Significantly higher nicotine consumption in the group of opioid dependentwomenhad a strong influence onthe retrieved results, and might be considered as an independent factor of altered pain experience. Differences in pain treatment became evident when comparing opioid maintained women to healthy controls. These differences might be based on psychosocial consequences of opioid addiction along with the lack of an interdisciplinary consensus on pain treatment protocols for opioid dependent patients.