日本假结核耶氏菌病的概况

假结核耶氏菌(Yersinia pseudotubercnlosis)是引起假结核耶氏菌病的病原菌。假结核的涵义是脏器内具有类似结核结节但又未分离出结核杆菌。首次从病人分离出假结核耶氏菌是19世纪末,5年以后确认了它的独立性。现归于耶氏菌属,该菌在自然界中分布广泛。以往认为该菌以感染     

我国人类假结核耶氏菌病首例报告

在我国首次报告一例假结核病例,是根据临床和病原学研究基础上确诊的。从患者分离的假结核耶氏菌为血清Ⅳ型,具有毒力,并发现与小肠结肠炎耶氏菌0:36型有共同抗原关系。     

耶氏菌病流行病学浅析

耶尔森氏菌病(Yersiniosis,下称耶氏菌病)是由小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersiniosisenterocolilica,简称Ye)引起的一种人畜共患的传染病。目前(1992)世界上有近50个国家和地区报道了本病。我国于恩庶(1976)首次作了报道,并于1980年首次分离出Ye。     

腹泻病人耶氏菌的调查研究

耶氏（Ｙｅｒｓｉｎｉａ）菌是人畜共患疾病的主要病源菌之一，近年来国内各地从腹泻病人粪便中分离出该菌的报道日渐增多。为了解耶氏菌对腹泻病人的感染情况。我们采集了１２２列腹泻病人的粪便标本进行了耶氏菌分离培养，现将结果报告如下：１材料与方法１．１标本来源...     

山东小肠结肠炎耶氏菌腹泻病调查

本文报告对山东小肠结肠炎耶氏菌腹泻进行了调查,证实猪是主要传染源和储存宿主,并发现牛、羊、鹅、鸟、苍蝇、蚂蚁等11种动物体携带小肠结肠炎耶氏菌。并证实主要的血清型已达24个之多,但主要致病性菌株为O∶3血清型生物3型(Wauters分型),该菌型Sereny试验阳性,与国外报道的仅O∶8型为阳性有所不同。     

鼠疫耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌基因鉴别方法的建立及评价

目的 建立鼠疫耶尔森菌和假结核耶尔森菌基因鉴别方法。方法 依据鼠疫菌、假结核菌特有的基因组序列["疫岛(PeI)"和"假岛(PsI)"], 与已公布的12株鼠疫菌和4株假结核菌全基因序列进行比对, 设计特异性的引物, 对鼠疫菌、假结核菌和其他肠道细菌进行鉴定。结果 用52株鼠疫菌、57株假结核菌和其他肠道菌株进行验证, 结果显示, 5对鼠疫菌的鉴定引物中, 2对(PeI2和PeI11)仅在52株鼠疫菌中扩出目的条带, 另3对引物(PeI1、PeI3和PeI12)除鼠疫菌外在部分假结核菌株中也扩出目的条带;5对假结核菌鉴定引物中, 1对引物(PsI1)在52株鼠疫菌和57株假结核菌株中扩出目的条带, 4对引物(PsI7、PsI16、PsI18和 PsI19)仅在57株假结核菌株中均扩出目的条带, 在鼠疫菌中未扩出目的条带。结论 用鼠疫菌和假结核菌共有的PsI1序列、鼠疫菌特有的PeI2和PeI11序列及假结核菌特有的PsI7、PsI16、PsI18和 PsI19序列组成的基因鉴别方法, 可以用于鼠疫菌和假结核菌的基因快速鉴别。     

一种实用的小肠结肠炎耶氏菌的检测法

本文采用齐素瑛等食品中耶氏菌检测法,经改良后应用于腹泻患者粪便标本的实验诊断。从89份临床标本中检出了4株小肠结肠炎耶氏菌,其中3株为常见的0:3血清型,1株为少见的0:3、0:9混合型感染。此法简便、实用,易于一般实验室开展,且较常用的冷增菌培养法缩短报告时间1周左右。     

O：9型小肠结肠炎耶氏菌分子流行病学特征初探

小肠结肠炎耶氏菌（Y．e）是一种肠道传染病，在我国分布广泛，在人和动物中引起腹泻及在猪中流行暴发已有报道，可造成重大的经济损失，对小肠结肠炎耶氏菌进行分于流行病学的研究，对控制我国小肠结肠炎耶氏菌的流行、减少经济损失具有现实意义。O：9型是引起人类Y．e菌病的最主要菌株之一，为人类常见的血清型，为了解0：9型Y．e各菌株之间的差异，本文应用毒力质粒DNA限制性内切酶酶切图谱分析的方法对各菌株之间的差异进行了初步的探讨，现将结果报道如下。一、材料与方法工．菌株：0：9型Y．e＊＊”菌4株＊15、w卫7、侣、12分别来…     

广西鼠疫耶尔森氏菌质粒及Pgm特征的研究

目的掌握广西鼠疫菌的质粒图谱及Pgm特征。方法质粒运用Kado改良法进行提取;Pgm利用刚果红培养基置28℃培养7天观察。结果广西鼠疫菌菌落大多为Pgm+及Pgm-混合型,占85.7%(12/14),Pgm+、Pgm±、Pgm-株分别为42.9%(6/14)、35.7%(5/14)、21.4%(3/14);广西鼠疫菌株共含5种质粒,其分子量分别为4MD、6MD、45MD、65MD、111MD,由质粒构成显示广西鼠疫菌质粒图谱可划分为3型,I型含4MD、6MD、45MD、65MD质粒,Ⅱ型含4MD、6MD、45MD质粒,Ⅲ型则含有4MD、6MD、45MD、111MD质粒。结论Pgm可作分型指标之一;质粒图谱可为分子流行病学提供科学依据。     

Involvement of CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses in LcrV DNA vaccine induced protection against lethal Yersinia pestis challenge

Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) is the causative pathogen of plague, a highly fatal disease for which an effective vaccine, especially against mucosal transmission, is still not available. Like many bacterial infections, antigen-specific antibody responses have been traditionally considered critical, if not solely responsible, for vaccine-induced protection against Y. pestis. Studies in recent years have suggested the importance of T cell immune responses against Y. pestis infection but information is still limited about the details of Y. pestis antigen-specific T cell immune responses. In current report, studies are conducted to identify the presence of CD8+ T cell epitopes in LcrV protein, the leading antigen of plague vaccine development. Furthermore, depletion of CD8+ T cells in LcrV DNA vaccinated Balb/C mice led to reduced protection against lethal intranasal challenge of Y. pestis. These findings establish that an LcrV DNA vaccine is able to elicit CD8+ T cell immune responses against specific epitopes of this key plague antigen and that a CD8+ T cell immune response is involved in LcrV DNA vaccine-elicited protection. Future studies in plague vaccine development will need to examine if the presence of detectable T cell immune responses, in particular CD8+ T-cell immune responses, will enhance the protection against Y. pestis in higher animal species or humans.     

Plasmid profiles of legionella pneumophila strains isolated in Spain

An assay for plasmid DNA content was carried out in 100 strains of Legionella pneumophila of distinct serogroups and isolated from various sources (clinical, environment). The strains were isolated from different geographic regions in our country. The presence of plasmids was proved in one of the 11 clinical isolates and in 68 of the 89 isolated of environmental origin studied. In the strains belonging to serogroup 1 and isolated in our region (Cantabria), three plasmid profiles were observed, whereas in strains of the same serogroup from other geographic regions, two profiles were shown which exhibited differences compared to the former ones. Analysis by means of restriction endonucleases suggested that plasmids of similar size in serogroup 1 strains of different source, were related. The results obtained do not appear to reveal any correlation between plasmid profile and source of isolation or serogroup.Corresponding author.     

Electroporation enhances protective immune response of a DNA vaccine against Japanese encephalitis in mice and pigs

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a pathogenic cause of Japanese Encephalitis (JE), which is a zoonotic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and amplified by pigs. Infection of JEV may lead to severe neurological sequelae, even death in humans and reproductive disorders in pigs. Vaccination is the only way to control JEV infection in humans. For pigs play important role in the JEV transmission cycle, developing a new veterinary vaccine is considered as a useful strategy for cutting off the transmission route of JEV. We have previously reported that DNA vaccine pCAG-JME, expressing prM-E proteins of JEV, is effective in mice through intramuscular injection (IM). However, the poor immunogenicity, due to low expression of immunogen, is the major obstacle for the development of DNA vaccine in large animals. In the present study, therefore, we immunized mice and pigs with pCAG-JME intramuscularly accompanied with electroporation (EP) stimulation, the attractive gene delivery approach. As compared with IM, EP-mediated vaccination markedly increased the expression of immunogen in the injection site and induced a dose- and time-dependent immune response. 100% survival rate was observed in groups vaccinated with doses ranged from 10 to 100μg, indicating that 10μg of DNA with EP for individual was enough for inducing effective protection in mice. Surprisingly, survival rate and end-point titers of anti-JEV antibodies were higher in mice even at lower dose of DNA (5μg) than that in mice inoculated 100μg through IM. Notably, the prM-E antigens also induced high antibody response in pig, while the neutralizing antibody titer achieved 1:320. Our results suggested that EP-mediated DNA immunization might act as an effective strategy against JEV, at least in pig, and that EP has a potential application prospect in DNA vaccination.     

Electroporation enhances immune responses and protection induced by a bovine viral diarrhea virus DNA vaccine in newborn calves with maternal antibodies

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major pathogens in cattle. In this study, newborn calves with maternal antibodies were vaccinated with a BVDV DNA vaccine, either by conventional intramuscular (IM) injection or with the TriGrid™ Delivery System for IM delivery (TDS-IM). The calves vaccinated with the TDS-IM developed more rapidly and effectively BVDV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. Overall, the immune responses induced by delivery with the TDS-IM remained stronger than those elicited by conventional IM injection of the BVDV DNA vaccine. Accordingly, electroporation-mediated delivery of the BVDV DNA vaccine resulted in close to complete protection from clinical signs of disease, while conventional IM administration did not fully prevent morbidity and mortality following challenge with BVDV-2. These results demonstrate the TDS-IM to be effective as a delivery system for a BVDV DNA vaccine in newborn calves in the presence of maternal antibodies, which supports the potential of electroporation as a delivery method for prophylactic DNA vaccines.     

Molecular typing of Aspergillus terreus isolates by random amplification of polymorphic DNA

Forty three isolates of Aspergillus terreus of environmental or clinical origin were typed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with two different primers NS3 and NS7 from the fungal ribosomal 18S subunit gene. For the 31 epidemiologically unrelated isolates tested, the primers NS3 and NS7 gave rise to 23 and 24 different genotypes, respectively, and combining the results obtained with the two primers allowed the differentiation of all these isolates. No clustering was found in relation to pathogenicity, clinical signs, or geographic origin of the isolates. Five groups of related isolates of A. terreus were also typed. Analysis of sequential isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis or with invasive aspergillosis showed the clonality of the colonization or infection by A. terreus. Likewise, this straightforward typing method demonstrated the clonal origin of a massive contamination of the environment in a haematology unit. Therefore this RAPD typing method may constitute a valuable tool for the epidemiological follow-up of airway colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis or investigations of links between nosocomial outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis and environmental contamination.     

Plasmid profiles of Legionella spp. isolates,Italy

Plasmid analysis and restriction-endonuclease digestion were used to study 54 clinical and environmental Legionella strains. Plasmids with approximate molecular masses of 40, 50, 70, and 90 megadaltons (Mdal) have been isolated from L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. One L. jordanis strain contained two plasmids of 25 and 70 Mdal. Restriction analysis of clinical and related hospital-environmental isolates resulted in identical patterns. Geographic diversity is shown for strains of different origin.     

Plasmid typing of Shigella sonnei epidemic strains and molecular relationship of their R-plasmids

We conducted a surveillance program on epidemic and/or endemic Shigella strains in Asturias (Spain), their frequency and dispersion in our community, and their R-plasmids. We analyzed initial isolates of Shigella sonnei from two epidemic outbreaks using antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile analysis as epidemiological markers. We found that the 2 outbreaks were caused by different S. sonnei strains, which respectively carried one and two R-plasmids together with other plasmids. The molecular relationship among these and three other R-plasmids from two S. sonnei strains isolated during a previous outbreak, were studied by restriction enzyme analysis and DNA-DNA hybridizations. We were able to establish different levels of relationship among the six R-plasmids.Corresponding author.     

Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in throat and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of Neissepia meningitidis

Ten strains of Neisseria meningitides, isolated either from cerebrospinal fluid or from throat cultures, were typed and screened for the presence of plasmid DNA. Three group C strains, isolated in the same area, each harboured a plasmid of similar molecular weight (approx. 8.5 Md). No evidence of plasmid DNA was found in the other strains (whether of the same group but isolated in another area, or of other groups).Corresponding author.     

Plasmid profiles demonstrate that an upsurge inSalmonella berta in humans in England and Wales is associated with imported poultry meat

Sixteen plasmid profile types have been identified in drug-sensitive isolates ofSalmonella berta isolated from humans and human food in England and Wales in the ten-year period 1981–1990. Since 1988 six profile types of epidemiological importance have caused infections in widelyseparated geographical areas and of these, four types have been identified inS. berta isolated from chicken carcasses imported from Denmark. The findings suggest that imported Danish poultry has substantially contributed to a recent upsurge ofS. berta in humans in England and Wales.