Association between dietary intake of flavonoid and bone mineral density in middle aged and elderly Chinese women and men

Summary

This large cross-sectional study examined the associations of dietary intakes of total flavonoids and their subtypes with bone density in women and men. We found that greater flavonoid intake was associated with higher bone density in women but not in men.

Introduction

Studies in vitro and in animal models suggest a potential effect of flavonoids on bone health. Few studies have examined the association between the habitual intake of flavonoids and bone mineral density (BMD) in humans.

Methods

The cross-sectional study recruited 2,239 women and 1,078 men. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews to assess habitual dietary flavonoid intake using food composition databases. BMD was measured over the whole body (WB) and in the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results

After adjusting for covariates, women who consumed higher total flavonoids, and the subtypes of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavones, and proanthocyanidins tended to have greater BMD at the WB, LS, and FN (all P-trend?2 greater BMD at the whole body, LS, and FN, respectively. For the subtypes of flavonoids, the corresponding differences in BMD (in g/cm²) were 0.012–0.021 (flavan-3-ols), 0.013–0.020 (flavonols), 0.016–0.019 (flavones), and 0.014–0.016 (proanthocyanidins), respectively. A higher intake of flavonones was associated with a greater BMD at the whole body (P-trend 0.041) and the FN (P-trend 0.022). In men, there were no significant positive associations between the consumption of total flavonoids and the subclasses and BMD at any sites.

Conclusion

Dietary flavonoids intake was positively associated with BMD in women. Further large studies are needed to clarify this issue in men.     

Habitual flavonoid intakes are positively associated with bone mineral density in women

Dietary flavonoids exert bone-protective effects in animal models, but there is limited information on the effect of different flavonoid subclasses on bone health in humans. The aim of this observational study was to examine the association between habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses with bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of female twins. A total of 3160 women from the TwinsUK adult twin registry participated in the study. Habitual intakes of flavonoids and subclasses (flavanones, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, polymers, flavonols, and flavones) were calculated from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires using an updated and extended U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) database. Bone density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In multivariate analyses, total flavonoid intake was positively associated with higher BMD at the spine but not at the hip. For the subclasses, the magnitude of effect was greatest for anthocyanins, with a 0.034 g/cm² (3.4%) and 0.029 g/cm² (3.1%) higher BMD at the spine and hip, respectively, for women in the highest intake quintile compared to those in the lowest. Participants in the top quintile of flavone intake had a higher BMD at both sites; 0.021 g/cm² (spine) and 0.026 g/cm² (hip). At the spine, a greater intake of flavonols and polymers was associated with a higher BMD (0.021 and 0.024 g/cm², respectively), whereas a higher flavanone intake was positively associated with hip BMD (0.008 g/cm²). In conclusion, total flavonoid intake was positively associated with BMD, with effects observed for anthocyanins and flavones at both the hip and spine, supporting a role for flavonoids present in plant-based foods on bone health. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Water extracts of Brazilian leguminous seeds as rich sources of larvicidal compounds against Aedes aegypti L

This study assessed the toxicity of seed water extracts of 15 leguminous species upon Aedes aegypti larvae. A partial chemical and biochemical characterization of water extracts, as well as the assessment of their acute toxicity in mice, were performed. The extracts of Amburana cearensis, Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Dioclea megacarpa, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Piptadenia moniliformis caused 100% of mortalit y after 1 to 3 h of exposure. They showed LC(50) and LC(90) values ranging from 0.43 ± 0.01 to 9.06 ± 0.12 mg/mL and from 0.71 ± 0.02 to 13.03 ± 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Among the secondary metabolite constituents, the seed water extracts showed tannins, phenols, flavones, favonols, xanthones, saponins and alkaloids. The extracts also showed high soluble proteins content (0.98 to 7.71 mg/mL), lectin (32 to 256 HU/mL) and trypsin inhibitory activity (3.64 = 0.43 to 26.19 = 0.05 gIT/kg of flour) The electrophoretic profiles showed a great diversity of protein bands, many of which already described as insecticide proteins. The extracts showed low toxicity to mice (LD(50) > 0.15 = 0.01 g/kg body weight), but despite these promising results, further studies are necessary to understand the toxicity of these extracts and their constituents from primary and secondary metabolism upon Ae. aegypti.     

Study on the antioxidant activity of Menthae longifoliae folium and effect of pesticide treatment with Topsin M on the antioxidant activity

This study evaluated both the antioxidant activity of Menthae longifoliae folium and the influence of Topsin M (a pesticide which is widely used nowadays) upon the antioxidant activity of the drug. In this respect, there have been used leaves of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., both untreated and treated with Topsin M. The leaves were dried, powdered and extracted with aqueous methanol. Taking into account the fact that polyphenols, and especially flavonoids act as antioxidants, these compounds were quantified in the crude extracts. Both the capacity of inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase and the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity were also evaluated. The undergone study highlighted the fact that crude extracts of Menthae longifoliae folium had a good antioxidant activity; the extracts were active both as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavengers and as 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Treatment with Topsin M did not consistently influence the antioxidant activity of the drug.     

Phytochemical and microbiological characterization of two Allium cepa L. extracts in order to include in dermo-cosmetics

We have obtained two Allium cepa extracts (C1 and C2) which were characterized from chemical and microbiological point of view. The C1 extract is the richest concerning the content in flavonoids, triterpenic acids, amino acids, compounds recognized for their beneficial effects in wound healing. All this data shows us the possibility of using the Allium cepa extracts in the treatment of wounds, scars. As well, the antimicrobial activity of the two extracts was evaluated. The C2 extract was efficient as antimicrobial agent, but there are necessary special preserving conditions.     

红景天提取物对顺铂诱导小鼠睾丸支持细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:体外研究红景天提取物对顺铂(cDDP)诱导小鼠睾丸支持细胞(TM4)损伤的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:体外培养正常TM4细胞,将细胞分组,MTT法测定红景天提取物、cDDP分别对TM4细胞生长的影响以及红景天提取物对cDDP诱导TM4细胞损伤的保护作用,同时观察细胞形态学变化。硫代巴比妥酸法测定细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:MTT结果显示,红景天提取物在0.0125².5 mg/L终质量浓度范围内可拮抗cDDP诱导TM4细胞增殖率的降低(P<0.01),改善cDDP诱导下TM4细胞形态学变化,减少胞体减小、变圆,细胞脱壁等现象。抗氧化实验结果表明,0.0147 g/L的cDDP诱导下的TM4细胞内MDA含量[(3.63±0.02)nmol/mgprot]较正常对照组[(2.15±0.02)nmol/mgprot]显著升高(P<0.01),T-SOD、GSH含量[(6.57±0.05)U/mgprot、(1.42±0.06)mg/gprot]较正常对照组[(10.86±0.02 U/mgprot、(2.59±0.05)mg/gprot]显著降低(P<0.01);0.1 mg/L红景天提取物可显著降低(P<0.01)cDDP诱导TM4细胞内MDA含量[(1.94±0.00)nmol/mgprot]、减缓T-SOD[(8.50±0.02)U/mgprot]和GSH[(2.41±0.04)mg/gprot]耗竭。结论:红景天提取物能有效抑制cDDP诱导TM4细胞损伤,其机制可能与红景天的抗氧化能力有关。     

Hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and renal-protective effects of organic and conventional grapevine leaf extracts on Wistar rat tissues

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of organic and conventional grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) leaf extracts in reducing hydrogen peroxide-induced stress in the liver, heart and kidney of Wistar rats by measuring lipids and proteins damages (carbonyl assay), as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. The preincubation with 5 mg/mL of organic and conventional grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) leaf extracts prevented both lipids and proteins oxidative damages in all tissues analyzed. The organic leaf extract was able to restore superoxide dismutase (kidney and liver) and catalase (heart) activities, which were modified by the treatment with H(2)O(2). The conventional extract was able to restore only the catalase activity in liver and heart tissues. The beneficial effects of the V labrusca leaf extract shown in this study could probably be important for formulating dietary supplements, as well as for developing new ingredients with improved antioxidant properties from other plant sources.     

Contribution to the phytochemical study of polyphenols in ten hydroalcoholic extracts of Chamomile floss

Continuing a series of studies that intend to evaluate the pharmaceutical quality of 10 commercial samples of chamomile, we tried to investigate the chemical composition of the hydroalcoholic extracts obtained in our laboratory, starting from this raw material. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of the extracts was done by HPLC means. RESULTS: All extractive solutions have a high content in ferulic acid, whereas the caffeic acid level is the lowest. Regarding the flavonoids, there are many quantitative differences between the samples: one extract lacking the rutoside and two of them having low apigenin-7-glucoside contents.     

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice: protective role of Leea asiatica leaves

Abstract

Cisplatin is a popular anticancer drug, but its side effects like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity due to oxidative stress limited its clinical use. In tis study, nephoprotective effect of fractions of Leea asiatica (Leeaceae) leaves was assessed against cisplatin induced toxicity in rats. Leaves of L. asiatica extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, and evaluated for in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity using several assay models. Methanol extract showed better antioxidant effects, and contain higher amount of phenolic (77.75?±?0.87?mg GAE/g of dry material) and flavonoid compound (60.98?±?0.58?mg QE/g of dry material) compared with other extracts. Hance methanol extract was selected for further investigation and fractionated with methanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether. Protective effect of methanol extract and its fractions was evaluated against cisplatin (20?mg/kg, i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity. Pretreatment with methanol extract (150 and 300?mg/kg), and its fractions especially methanol, ethyl acetate fraction (75 and 150?mg/kg) significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid levels, and decreased malondialdehyde level and increase total protein and albumin level (p?<?0.05, 0.01). Ethyl acetate fraction produced highest nephroprotective, possibly by inhibiting lipid peroxidation process. Result suggested that ethyl acetate fraction possesses potent nephroprotective activity and can be used an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the effectiveness of several nephrotoxic drugs.     

Effects of supplementation with impuberal or adult testicular protein extracts on genital tract and testicular histology as well as hormonal levels in adult busulfan treated rats

24 adult Wistar rats received one SC injection of busulfan (10 mg/kg BW) on day 0. They were injected daily from day 1 to day 10 either with BSA (1 and 2 mg/rat, n = 5 respectively), with acetonic extract of adult ram testicular cytosol (2 mg/rat, n = 10) or with acetonic extract of impuberal calf testicular cytosol (2 mg/rat, n = 4). 10 animals served as control. Animals were killed on day 17. Busulfan treatment induced decrease of total volumes of intertubular tissue and of Leydig cells per testis, of accessory glands, and of germ cells from type A spermatogonia to zygotene spermatocytes. Supplementation with adult testicular extract did not modify accessory glands but increased Leydig cell total volume, individual cellular and nuclear areas and Sertoli cell nuclear areas. It decreased further the germ cells from A spermatogonia to zygotene primary spermatocytes. Supplementation with impuberal testicular extract did not modify accessory glands, Leydig cell total volume, individual cellular and nuclear areas or Sertoli cell nuclear area. It increased the germ cells from A spermatogonia to zygotene primary spermatocytes to values intermediate between those of control and busulfan treated rats.     

Effects of curcumin and dithioerythritol on frozen-thawed bovine semen

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of curcumin and dithioerythritol added into bull semen extender on sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation, total glutathione and antioxidant potential levels of bull spermatozoa following the freeze/thawing process. Twenty-seven ejaculates obtained from three bulls were included in the study. Each ejaculate that was splitted into five equal groups and diluted in a Tris-based extender containing curcumin (0.5 and 2 mM), dithioerythritol (0.5 and 2 mM) and no additive (control) was cooled to 5 °C and frozen in 0.25-ml French straws. The extender supplemented with 0.5 mMdose of curcumin led to lower percentage of total abnormality (20.40 ± 2.36%) when compared to the control (30.60 ± 1.47%, P < 0.05). Curcumin and dithioerythritol at 0.5 mM provided a greater protective effect in the membrane functional integrity (54.40 ± 2.09% and 50.00 ± 2.68%), in comparison with control (37.20 ± 1.77%, P < 0.001). Supplementation with antioxidants did not significantly affect the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential levels, while the maintenance of total glutathione levels in curcumin 0.5 mM was demonstrated to be higher than that of control, following the freeze/thawing (P < 0.05). Supplementation with these antioxidants prior to the cryopreservation process may be recommended to facilitate the enhancement of sperm cryopreservation techniques.     

Effects of Anthocleista djalonensis root extracts on reproductive hormones and testicular marker enzymes in adult male Wistar rats

This study evaluated the effect of methanol and aqueous ethanol root extracts (200 mg/kg body weight) of Anthocleista djalonensis on sex hormone concentrations and testicular marker enzymes of adult rats after 60 days of administration followed by 60 days of treatment withdrawal. The results showed no significant changes in testosterone and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during the 60 days of extract treatment. Interestingly, 60 days after treatment withdrawal, there was an increase in intratesticular and serum testosterone and serum FSH in the methanol but not aqueous ethanol extract post‐treatment groups. Intratesticular 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) activity remained unaffected while that of 17β‐HSD increased slightly during treatment of both extracts and the increase reached a statistical significance level (p < .05) during post‐treatment. Gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase activity in the testis of the methanol but not aqueous ethanol extract‐treated animals remained high during post‐treatment compared to initial treatment values. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed that phenol and flavonoid constituents were higher in the methanol than the aqueous ethanol extract and has higher antioxidant activity. Altogether, post‐treatment effect of the extract on the testis was more effective than treatment‐related effect and the methanol extract appears to have better and consistent effects on the investigated parameters probably due to higher antioxidant activity conferred to it by its phenolic and flavonoid contents.     

Androgenic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Leydig TM3 cells in vitro

Moringa oleifera (MO) is an excellent source of dietary antioxidant. MO is used traditionally to enhance libido and as an aphrodisiac in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of aqueous leaf extract of MO on Leydig cell in vitro. Specifically, the effect of MO on viability, testosterone production, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation on TM3 cells were evaluated. TM3 cells seeded for 24 hr were exposed to aqueous leaf extract of MO (0, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1,000 µg/ml) for 24 hr, in the absence or presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 6 mIU/200 µl). Cell viability remained unchanged while testosterone production significantly increased at 500 and 1,000 µg/ml of the extract under stimulatory conditions by 34 and 45% respectively. Glutathione level substantially increased at 250 µg/ml, while lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and total antioxidant capacity remained unchanged. Our results demonstrate the androgenic effect of MO especially at high concentrations in TM3 cells. The androgenic effect may be attributed to its antioxidant enzyme activities.     

麝香配伍乳香促虎杖提取物治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的动物实验研究

目的:观察麝香、乳香配伍组合对虎杖提取物治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型大鼠前列腺组织病理及炎症因子表达的影响。方法:53只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,5只用于大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液的制备,48只随机分为麝香配伍乳香+虎杖提取物组、虎杖提取物、模型组、正常对照组共4组。除正常对照组外,应用大鼠前列腺蛋白提纯液辅以免疫佐剂制备实验性慢性非细菌性前列腺炎大鼠模型,造模60 d时正常对照组、模型组予生理盐水,虎杖提取物、麝香配伍乳香+虎杖提取物组分别予生药量虎杖1.575 g/(kg.d)、麝香0.021 g/(kg.d)、乳香1.05 g/(kg.d)按组别选用连续灌胃,各组给药14 d时处死,检测指标包括病理学,ELISA法检测前列腺组织匀浆TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8水平,RT-PCR及Western印迹方法检测炎症因子MCP-1(CCL2)、CCR2 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:麝香配伍乳香+虎杖提取物组前列腺组织结构改善,无明显炎性细胞浸润,虎杖提取物组可见炎性细胞浸润。麝香配伍乳香+虎杖提取物组明显降低前列腺组织炎症因子(TNF-α:11.04±4.07、IL-1β:16.94±4.26、IL-6:110.08±28.42、IL-8:26.28±7.36,pg/ml),优于单纯虎杖提取物组(TNF-α:63.21±21.37、IL-1β:41.32±14.62、IL-6:177.64±42.65、IL-8:96.37±37.61,pg/ml),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。麝香配伍乳香+虎杖提取物组大鼠前列腺组织炎症趋化因子MCP-1(CCL2)及其受体CCR2的mRNA(MCP-1:0.32±0.17;CCR2:0.28±0.11)及蛋白(MCP-1:0.28±0.15;CCR2:0.11±0.04)表达水平与模型组(MCP-1 mRNA:1.15±0.39;MCP-1蛋白:0.93±0.34;CCR2 mRNA:0.83±0.26;CCR2蛋白:0.93±0.34)比较显著降低(P<0.01),显著优于虎杖提取物组(MCP-1 mRNA:0.65±0.27;MCP-1蛋白:0.56±0.22;CCR2 mRNA:0.78±0.24;CCR2蛋白:0.25±0.09),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:麝香乳香配伍组合的应用具有促进虎杖提取物对慢性前列腺炎的治疗,降低炎症反应程度,从而促进前列腺组织结构修复的作用。     

抑抗灵对杂交瘤细胞分泌单克隆抗体的影响

目的 :观察抑抗灵片乙醇和水相提取物对杂交瘤细胞分泌单克隆抗体的影响。　方法 :将复方中药抑抗灵的乙醇和水相提取物分别加入细胞培养液中 ,再分别加入分泌人 μ链单克隆抗体细胞株、分泌A组轮状病毒共同抗原单克隆抗体细胞株、分泌HCVC33单克隆抗体细胞株和分泌白色念珠菌胞浆抗原的单克隆抗体细胞株 ,在37℃含有 10 %CO2 培养 96h ,取培养上清测定单克隆抗体含量。　结果 :抑抗灵乙醇提取物在 8.1～ 32 .5g/L、水提取物在 46 .0～ 183.8g/L、水提取物浓缩液在 5 2 .1～ 2 0 8.2g/L范围内 ,对培养的杂交瘤细胞分泌单克隆抗体能力有明显的抑制作用。　结论 :中药抑抗灵提取物在一定的剂量范围内 ,有抑制抗体分泌细胞分泌抗体作用 ;抑抗灵的乙醇提取液的抑制作用似更加显著。     

外敷氨基胍霜剂对糖尿病大鼠皮肤组织的影响

目的 观察外敷氨基胍霜剂对糖尿病大鼠皮肤组织晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)形成、KC细胞增殖及氧化应激的影响.方法 将硬脂酸、液状石蜡、凡士林、羊毛脂、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、甘油、50 g/L尼泊金醇、盐酸氨基胍等试剂按一定比例混合制成氨基胍霜剂,以不含有氨基胍的霜剂为基质.取健康大鼠背部皮肤,分别用5、10 g/L氨基胍霜剂和5 g/L氨基胍+10g/L氮酮霜剂处理,于用药后2、4、7、10、12、24 h测定药物透皮效果.将30只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组6只、糖尿病组8只、氨基胍治疗组8只、基质治疗组8只.后3组大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65 mg/kg,诱导糖尿病模型;对照组大鼠注射0.05 mmol/L柠檬酸缓冲液.注射1周后,正常对照组与糖尿病组大鼠不行任何治疗,氨基胍治疗组与基质治疗组大鼠背部分别连续外用10 g/L氨基胍霜剂与基质治疗4周.取各组皮肤组织,胶原提取液荧光强度检测法测定AGE含量,流式细胞仪分析表皮KC周期,检测氧化应激相关指标超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛、总抗氧化能力、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量.对实验数据行t检验.结果 10 g/L氨基胍霜剂透皮效果优于5g/L氨基胍和5 g/L氨基胍+10 g/L氮酮的霜剂.1只基质治疗组大鼠未诱导成功.建模后4周,糖尿病组与氨基胍治疗组大鼠分别死亡4只和1只.糖尿病组大鼠皮肤组织AGE含量为每毫克羟脯氨酸(OHP)中(36.8±2.6)U,明显高于正常对照组的每毫克OHP中(24.6±2.7)U(t=7.2,P＜0.01);氨基胍治疗组AGE含量为每毫克OHP中(28.6±3.7)U,明显低于糖尿病组(t=-3.9,P＜0.05);基质治疗组AGE含量[每毫克OHP中(32.2±5.2)U]与糖尿病组相近(t=1.6,P＞0.05).糖尿病组大鼠S期KC比例为(5.3±0.6)%,低于正常对照组的(7.6±0.9)%(t=4.50,P＜0.01);氨基胍治疗组大鼠S期和G2/M期KC比例均明显高于糖尿病组(t值分别为6.80、3.17,P值均小于0.01);基质治疗组大鼠S期KC比例[(9.2±1.5)%]显著高于糖尿病组(t=4.90,P＜0.01).糖尿病组大鼠皮肤组织氧化应激指标含量均高于正常对照组,其中SOD和MPO差异有统计学意义(t值分别为4.4、3.7,P值均小于0.05);氨基胍治疗组各氧化应激指标含量均较糖尿病组降低,其中SOD含量显著低于糖尿病组(t=-1.4,P＜0.05);基质治疗组MDA、MPO含量显著低于糖尿病组(t值分别为2.6、2.9,P值均小于0.05).结论 外用氨基胍霜剂可以在一定程度上阻碍糖尿病大鼠皮肤组织中AGE的形成,改善表皮KC细胞增殖能力,适当降低皮肤组织氧化应激状态;单用霜剂基质也可适当降低皮肤组织氧化应激状态.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of aminoguanidine cream on the proliferation of keratinocytes (KC), content of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and oxidative stress in skin tissue of rats with diabetes. Methods Stearic acid, liquid paraffin, vaseline, lanolin, isopropyl myristate fat,glycerol, 50 g/L alcohol paraben, aminoguanidine hydrochloride etc. were mixed in certain proportion to make aminoguanidine cream, and cream without aminoguanidine was used as matrix. The dorsal skin of normal rats were harvested and treated by aminoguanidine cream with dose of 5, 10 g/L, or 5 g/L together with 10 g/L azone. The transdermal effect was respectively measured at post treatment hour 2, 4, 7, 10, 12,24. Thirty SD rats were divided into normal control(NC, n = 6) , diabetes(D, n = 8) , aminoguanidine cream-interfered(AI, n = 8), matrix cream-interfered groups(MI, n = 8) according to the random number table. Diabetes was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg) in rats of D, AI, and MI groups, and rats in NC group were injected with 0. 05 mmol/L citrate buffer as control. One week later, dorsal skin of rats in AI and MI groups were respectively treated with 10 g/L aminoguanidine cream and matrix cream by external use for 4 weeks. AGE content was determined with fluorescence detection from skin collagen extract. KC cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Skin tissue specimens were obtained for determination of levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and total antioxidant capacity. Data were processed with t test. Results Transdermal effect of aminoguanidine cream with dose of 10 g/L was better than that with 5 g/L or 5 g/L + 10 g/L azone cream. One rat was not induced successfully in MI group. Four weeks after model reproduction, 4 rats died in D group and 1 rat died in AI group. The AGE content in D group was obviously higher than that in NC group [(36.8 ± 2.6),(24. 6 ±2.7) U per milligram hydroxyproline, respectively, t = 7.2, P ＜0. 01], and that in AI group [(28.6 ±3.7) U per milligram hydroxyproline] was also lower as compared with that in D group(t = -3.9,P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in AGE content between MI [( 32.2 ± 5.2) U per milligram hydroxyproline] and D groups(t = 1.6, P ＞ 0. 05). The percentage of KC in S phase was obviously lower in D group than in NC group [(5.3 ±0.6)%, (7.6±0.9)%, respectively, t =4.50, P ＜0. 01], while that in MI group [(9. 2 ± 1.5) %] was higher as compared with that in D group(t = 4.90, P ＜ 0. 01). It was more higher in AI group than in D group on KC percentage in S and G2/M phase (with t value respectively 6.80, 3.17, P values all below 0. 01). The oxidative stress indexes of skin tissue in D group were all higher than those in NC group, in which levels of MPO and SOD showed statistical difference(with t value respectively 4.4, 3.7, P values all below 0. 05). The oxidative stress indexes were all lower in AI group than in D group, especially in SOD level(t = -1.4, P ＜0. 05). Levels of MAD, MPO in MI group were significantly lower than those in D group(with t value respectively 2.6, 2.9, P values all below 0. 05).Conclusions Aminoguanidine cream can promote KC proliferation and appropriately reduce oxidative stress through inhibiting AGE formation to a certain extent in skin tissue of rats with diabetes. Signal use of matrix cream can also reduce oxidative stress in skin tissue of rats with diabetes.     

丙泊酚对大鼠缺血-再灌注脑TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚对缺血性脑炎性因子表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术对照(S)组、脑缺血-再灌注(IR)组(双侧颈总动脉夹闭造成暂时性脑缺血)、丙泊酚预处理(PP)组(缺血前60 min输注丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1),丙泊酚后处理(PA)组(再灌注后10 min给予丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1)以及不行脑缺血丙泊酚(P)组(输注丙泊酚50 mg·kg-1·h-1),每组6只.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脑组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10),用同位素([32P]-ATP)方法测定脑内核因子-κB(NF-κB)的变化.结果 与S组比较,IR组TNF-α明显增高[(2.57±0.19)Pg/g vs.(1.60±0.15)pg/g](P<0.05),同时IL-10明显增高[(11.59±1.32)pg/gvs.(7.97±1.96)pg/g](P<0.05).与IR组比较,PP组TNF-α明显减低[(1.88±0.26)pg/g vs.(2.57±0.19)pg/g](P<0.05),IL-10水平明显降低[(8.35±1.00)pg/g vs.(11.59±1.32)Pg/g](P<0.05),NF-κB活性明显减低.PA组TNF-α、IL-10、NF-κB与IR组差异无统计学意义.IL-10和NF-κB水平与TNF-α活性呈现平行变化关系.结论 脑缺血前丙泊酚预处理可抑制脑的炎性介质TNF-α、IL-10和NF-κB的增高,但脑缺血-再灌注后应用丙泊酚对缺血性炎性介质的增高没有抑制作用;丙泊酚对缺血性炎性介质TNF-α的作用可能与抑制NF-κB转导途径有关.     

Studies on the in vitro and in vivo antiurolithic activity of Holarrhena antidysenterica

Holarrhena antidysenterica has a traditional use in the treatment of urolithiasis, therefore, its crude extract has been investigated for possible antiurolithic effect. The crude aqueous-methanolic extract of Holarrhena antidysenterica (Ha.Cr) was studied using the in vitro and in vivo methods. In the in vitro experiments, Ha.Cr demonstrated a concentration-dependent (0.25–4?mg/ml) inhibitory effect on the slope of aggregation. It decreased the size of crystals and transformed the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) to calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD) crystals, in calcium oxalate metastable solutions. It also showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and lipid peroxidation induced in rat kidney tissue homogenate. Ha.Cr (0.3?mg/ml) reduced (p?<?0.05) the cell toxicity and LDH release in renal epithelial cells (MDCK) exposed to oxalate (0.5?mM) and COM (66?μg/cm²) crystals. In male Wistar rats, receiving 0.75?% ethylene glycol (EG) for 21?days along with 1?% ammonium chloride (AC) in drinking water, Ha.Cr treatment (30–100?mg/kg) prevented the toxic changes caused by lithogenic agents; EG and AC, like loss of body weight, polyurea, oxaluria, raised serum urea and creatinine levels and crystal deposition in kidneys compared to their respective controls. These data indicate that Holarrhena antidysenterica possesses antiurolithic activity, possibly mediated through the inhibition of CaOx crystal aggregation, antioxidant and renal epithelial cell protective activities and may provide base for designing future studies to establish its efficacy and safety for clinical use.     

菊米提取液对人结肠癌SW620细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:观察菊米提取液对人结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:用不同浓度的菊米提取液处理SW620细胞,MTT法检测菊米提取液对SW620细胞增殖的抑制作用;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;比色法测定Caspase-3/7酶和Caspase-6酶活性。结果:菊米提取液对SW620细胞增殖有抑制作用,IC50为0.012mg/mL,且呈一定的量效关系;随着药物浓度的增加(0.001、0.002、0.005、0.01mg/mL),细胞凋亡率分别为(6.46±0.02)%、(9.77±0.01)%、(13.11±0.04)%、(18.47±0.05)%,对照组细胞凋亡发生率为(4.83±0.01)%,显示菊米提取液诱导的细胞凋亡作用随浓度的增大而增加。同时Caspase-3/7酶和Caspase-6酶活性显著增强。结论:菊米提取液在能抑制体外培养的SW620细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡,Caspase-3、6、7活性增强可能是菊米提取液诱导SW620细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

Protective effects of Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) on cadmium‐induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in rats

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental toxicant and an endocrine disruptor. We investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (AA) against Cd‐induced testicular damage in rats while quercetin (Que) served as standard. The total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TFC and TPC), 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals scavenging activities of AA were determined. In vivo, thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups and orally treated with corn oil (control), Cd alone, Cd+Que, Cd+AA, Que and AA alone. Que and AA were given at doses of 25 and 200 mg kg^?1, respectively, for 3 weeks and challenged with two doses of Cd (1.5 mg kg^?1). Results showed that TFC and TPC of AA increased with increase in concentration. AA scavenged DPPH and OH radicals in a dose‐dependent manner. Administration of Cd significantly increased the relative weight of testis of rats. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased while antioxidant parameters decreased in testis of Cd‐treated rats. Also, Cd‐treated rats had significantly reduced sperm count, motility, sialic acid, luteinising hormone and testosterone relative to controls. Pre‐treatment with AA or Que significantly attenuated the biochemical alterations observed in Cd‐treated rats. Overall, AA protects against Cd‐induced testicular damage via antioxidative mechanism.