国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

为研究和比较国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗与血源乙肝疫苗的免疫效果,采用单纯随机方法,于免疫后1年对重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗接种的新生儿进行随访观察,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc).HBsAg阳性母亲所生的儿童其HBsAg阳性率为5.2%(4/77),抗-HBs阳性率为83.3%(65/78),疫苗保护效果为91.3%;HBsAg阴性母亲所生的儿童其HBsAg阳性率为0.9%(1/114),抗-HBs阳性率为97.4%(111/114),疫苗保护效果为79.5%.重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗有较好的近期保护效果和免疫原性,与以前使用的血源乙肝疫苗相当.     

潍坊市接种乙型肝炎疫苗免疫12年的流行病学效果评价

目的评价乙型肝炎（下称乙肝）疫菌的免疫效果。方法自1993年起,每年随机抽查〈15岁40-50名乙肝疫苗接种儿童,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测接种后乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）、乙肝病毒核心抗体（抗-HBc）;并进行免疫前后检测结果分析。结果乙肝疫苗免疫后,儿童保护性抗-HBs的阳性率为90.63%,0-15岁儿童的乙肝发病率明显下降。抽样调查〈15儿童1178人,HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别为1.10%、71.14%、8.15%,未开展接种乙肝疫苗前的1993年抽样调查〈15儿童756人,HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别为3.17%、12.98%、10.05%,开展接种前后HBsAg、抗-HBs阳性率差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=10.52、624.00,均P〈0.01）;加强免疫和未加强免疫儿童的抗-HBs几何平均滴度（GMT）和保护性抗-HBs的阳性率之间差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=12.35,t=4.51;均P〈0.01）。结论乙肝疫苗有较好的免疫效果,加强免疫对维持较高抗-HBs水平阳性率和GMT是有利的。     

深圳市儿童乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查分析

目的探讨深圳市儿童乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行现状及乙肝疫苗应用效果。方法采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样方法抽取调查户,对深圳市1～14岁常住人口进行问卷调查并采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc。采用Epidata 3.2软件建立调查数据库,利用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理分析,两组之间率比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查1～14岁儿童1 653人,HBsAg阳性率2.06%,抗-HBs阳性率74.53%,抗-HBc阳性率5.32%,HBV感染率9.62%。有乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童1 349人,HBsAg阳性率1.85%、抗-HBs阳性率75.02%、抗-HBc阳性率4.60%及HBV感染率5.41%;无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童92人,HBsAg阳性率4.35%、抗-HBs阳性率68.48%、抗-HBc阳性率10.87%及HBV感染率73.91%;有无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义,(χ2=7.14、457.83,P均<0.01)。乙肝疫苗免疫3年以内儿童601人,其中HBsAg阳性率为0、抗-HBs阳性率73.71%、抗-HBc阳性率2.0%、HBV感染率2.0%;免疫7～9年183人,其中HBsAg阳性率5.46%、抗-HBs阳性率79.23%、抗-HBc阳性率8.74%、HBV感染率11.48%。乙肝疫苗不同免疫年限儿童抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.53、36.88、43.75,P均<0.01)。结论持续保持较高的乙肝疫苗接种率,可以有效降低乙肝流行率。研究和推行乙肝疫苗加强免疫策略也是乙肝防治工作重点之一。     

北京市儿童乙型肝炎疫苗接种12年后免疫效果观察

目的评价北京市儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种12年后的免疫效果。方法2003年1至3月采取多阶段整群系统抽样方法在1991至2000年出生后接种乙肝疫苗的儿童中抽取2491人,用固相放射免疫法检测血清HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc水平,并对免疫后HBsAg阳性的原因进行分析。结果2491名3—12岁儿童中HBsAg阳性率为0．52％,疫苗免疫保护率为88．45％(95％CI为65．67％-97．89％),抗-HBc阳性率为2．21％,各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义。接种重组(酵母)疫苗的3—6岁儿童,其抗-HBs平均阳性率为38．79％,但随年龄增大抗体阳性率明显下降;几何平均滴度为52．83mlU／ml,各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义。接种乙肝血源性疫苗的6—12岁儿童,其抗-HBs平均阳性率为50．79％,几何平均滴度为61．51mlU／ml,各年龄组抗体阳性率和几何平均滴度比较差异均无统计学意义。在13例HBsAg阳性儿童中,约50％儿童的母亲为HBsAg阳性。结论北京市儿童乙肝疫苗接种计划实施12年后,免疫人群保护效果理想,HBsAg阳性率未随免疫时间延长而明显增加。目前尚不需进行加强免疫,但重组(酵母)疫苗接种后抗-HBs阳性率随年龄增长而显著下降,应加强血清学监测。儿童接种后成为HBsAg携带者的主要原因为母婴垂直传播。     

国产血源性乙肝疫苗在健康儿童中全程接种后23年的效果

目的 评价国产血源性乙型肝炎疫苗（乙肝疫苗）接种23年后的免疫原性和预防感染的保护效果。方法 1986年在西安市两所乡村小学筛检了261名5～9岁学生,按照分层随机分为疫苗组（126名）和对照组（135名）。2009年进行随访,剔除自行接种者后,疫苗组和对照组分别有81名和75名。对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）＜10 mIU/ml及乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体（抗-HBc）和乙肝病毒(HBV) DNA阴性者复种1针5μg国产重组疫苗,复种后1个月再次采血检测抗-HBs。结果 消除早期复种和自行接种的影响后,在第23年时,疫苗组48.1％(39/81)的研究对象抗-HBs仍保持在10 mIU/ml以上,高于对照组的阳性率[34.7％(26/75)]。疫苗组中84.0％ (21/25)的抗-HBs和抗-HBc均阴性的研究对象复种后产生了较强的回忆应答,而对照组中相似的抗-HBs阳性率为7.5％ (3/40)。本次随访未发现乙肝临床病例,但疫苗组和对照组的抗-HBc阳性率分别为16.0％( 13/81)和30.7％ (23/75)(x2=4.687,P＜0.05)。结论 国产血源性乙肝疫苗在健康儿童中全程接种后23年,免疫效果仍维持良好或有免疫记忆;疫苗仍有较好的保护效果。     

Hepatitis B virus infection in adolescents in a rural township--15 years subsequent to mass hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan

In Taiwan, decrease of both infection and carrier rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been documented especially in metropolitan areas after universal HBV vaccination. This study investigated HBV infection status in a rural township 15 years after the program began. Three cross-sectional studies were conducted in 1999, 2000 and 2003, to recruit all the students of the only junior middle school, born from July 1984 to June 1991, in a township in central Taiwan. Serum samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Subjects identified to be neither positive for HBsAg nor anti-HBs were given a booster dose of HBV vaccine. Subjects lacking an anamnestic anti-HBs response were given a complete 3-dose vaccination. A total of 1454 (98.5%) students responded. The prevalence rate of HBsAg decreased 57% [from 12.5% in 1984 to 5.4% in 1991, P < 0.005 (chi2-test for linear trends)], and anti-HBc positive rate dropped 68% (from 31.9 to 10.2%, P < 0.001). An anamnestic anti-HBs response developed after a vaccine booster among 433 (72%) anti-HBs negative and 12 (66.7%) anti-HBc alone subjects. And 93 (94.9%) anti-HBs negative and 1 (16.7%) anti-HBc alone subject developed a primary anti-HBs response after catch-up vaccination. Viremia was detected for two anti-HBc alone subjects without anamnestic or primary response. The vaccination program has decreased the number of those infected and carrier rates in either urban or rural areas in Taiwan. However, the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc in rural area were much higher than urban area.     

蓬莱市农村人群乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝病毒感染相关性

目的分析评价乙肝疫苗免疫接种对蓬莱市农村居民乙肝病毒(HBV)感染变化的影响。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,对蓬莱市农村1～59岁常住人口共629人进行乙肝血清流行病学调查和乙肝疫苗接种率调查,采用ELISA法检测HB-sAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc等乙肝标志物。结果 629名调查对象HBV感染率为22.26%,HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别为2.70%、62.32%、18.44%。乙肝疫苗接种率由1992年以前出生人群的18.89%提高到2002-2006年出生人群的100.00%,HBV感染率由42.11%降为1.31%;有乙肝免疫史的人群HBV感染率和HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性率均低于无乙肝疫苗免疫史人群,抗-HBs阳性率明显高于无乙肝疫苗免疫史人群,乙肝疫苗保护率为85.63%。结论从1992年使用乙肝疫苗以来,不仅有效的减少了乙肝病毒携带状态,且乙肝疫苗保护率达到较好的效果,进一步说明接种乙肝疫苗可有效防止乙肝病毒的感染。     

天津市２～１３岁儿童乙肝疫苗查漏补种项目实施及效果评价

摘要：目的　了解天津市２００５年２～１３岁人群乙肝疫苗查漏补种情况并评价其实施５年后效果,为制定乙
肝免疫策略提供科学依据。方法　２００５年天津市对２～１３岁人群开展了乙肝疫苗的查漏补种工作,同时做
了本底血清学监测,５年后对该人群进行抽样,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）、抗乙肝病毒表面抗
原抗体（Ａｎｔｉ ＨＢｓ）、抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体（Ａｎｔｉ ＨＢｃ）。结果　本次查漏补种共查出符合补种条件的
适龄儿童共４５１４１４人,最终完成全程接种儿童４２７５５２人,接种率达９４．７１％。血清学监测结果显示,查
漏补种５年后该人群抗 ＨＢｓ阳性率为６２．９０％,比查漏补种前的４３．３５％显著提高了４５．１０％。本次查漏补
种预计减少ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者４１９１人,慢性乙肝１０４８人,肝硬化１０５人,肝癌１１人。结论　乙肝疫苗查漏
补种是巩固和提高乙肝疫苗免疫屏障的重要手段。
关键词：２～１３岁人群;乙肝疫苗;查漏补种;效果
中图分类号：Ｒ５１２．６＋２,Ｒ１８６　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０３ ０２３５ ０３     

接种乙肝疫苗对人群HBVM模式的影响

目的 :了解乙肝疫苗接种以来 ,山东省人群中乙肝感染指标和感染模式的变化情况 ,为评价疫苗免疫预防效果 ,制订乙肝防治策略提供依据。方法 :采用多级分层整群随机抽样的方法 ,抽取全省 11个县 (市区 )的 74 19人进行了乙肝疫苗接种情况的调查 ,并用固相放射免疫法检测其乙肝血清学指标。结果 :人群乙肝疫苗接种率为 2 8.2 1%。 HBs Ag、抗- HBs总阳性率分别为 5 .0 5 %、 4 5 .2 6 % ,其中未接种组为 5 .88%、 36 .14 % ,接种组为 2 .96 %、 6 8.4 7%。两组差异均有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。抗 - HBs阳性率城市均高于农村 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :接种乙肝疫苗能有效的提高抗 - HBs阳性率 ,减少乙肝病毒感染率 ,是控制乙肝发病的有效措施。     

1 500名儿童重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察

目的 评价临沂市儿童重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗接种8年后的免疫效果。方法 采取随机整群抽样法，采用固相放射免疫法（SPRIA）检测血清HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc水平，并对免疫后HBsAg阳性原因进行分析。结果 1500名3～8岁儿童中HBsAg阳性率为0.47%，疫苗免疫保护率为89.00%，抗-HBc阳性率为2.07%，各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义。抗-HBs阳性率为44.47%，但随年龄增大抗体阳性率下降。几何平均滴度为58.03mIU/mL，各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义。在7例HBsAg阳性儿童中，57.14%儿童的母亲HBsAg阳性。结论 重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗接种3～8年后，免疫人群保护效果理想，HBsAg阳性率未随免疫时间延长而明显增加。重组酵母乙型肝炎疫苗接种后抗-HBs阳性率随年龄增大而下降，应加强血清学监测。     

重组(酵母)乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后5年随访结果

目的 探讨新生儿接种国产重组(酵母)乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗后的免疫效果,并与血源乙肝疫苗效果比较.方法 对1997年出生并接种重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗的新生儿隔年随访一次,采血检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg),乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc),1998年以后对乙肝免疫人群开展急性乙肝发病监测....     

The long-term efficacy of Chinese hamster ovary cell derived hepatitis B vaccine after being used for 14–16 years in Chinese rural communities

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term efficacy of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell derived hepatitis B vaccine after being used for 14–16 years in country community in Hebei province in China.MethodA cross-sectional investigation was carried out in 3 of 7 randomly selected rural communities in Zhengding County in 2013. The children who were born between 1997 and 1999 and were vaccinated with three doses of CHO-derived hepatitis B vaccine were eligible to participate in the study. Their sera samples were tested for HBV serological markers. For HBsAg positive children, their historical results were compared, in order to see whether these were new infections.ResultsAmong the 920 participating children, the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 0.65%, 73.15% and 1.20% respectively. The differences between birth-year groups were not significant. When compared with baseline, the vaccine efficacy was 94.2% and the anti-HBs titers of 668 children with sole anti-HBs positivity were 178.8 mIU/ml. By comparing with historical data, no new infection was found in this latest survey. Among 6 mothers of HBsAg positive children, 4 were HBsAg positive, 1 was negative and 1 was unknown.ConclusionThe long-term efficacy of the CHO derived hepatitis vaccine is good and stable for 14–16 years after vaccination. A booster dose seems not necessary. Implementing mother–newborn blocking measures for newborns from HBsAg carrier mothers is urgently needed in the future.     

Long-term efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine: a 15-year follow-up study among Chinese children.

To determine necessity and timing of booster of hepatitis B vaccine, we need to observe the duration of its protection. We report the results of a 15-year follow-up of a cohort of 649 children who participated a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial on a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in 1982. During the 15 years after vaccination, more vaccinated children had anti-HBs of 10 S/N ratios or over, compared with the controls, at all nine observations. At 15 years 50.0% (26/52) of the participants studied in the vaccinated group and 33.3% of the tested controls (18/54) retained anti-HBs levels of S/N ratios> or =10 (P < 0.09). However, since 5 years after vaccination, median S/N ratios of anti-HBs among the vaccinated children with detectable anti-HBs were lower than those of the controls except that detected at 15 years. 16.7% (9/54) of the tested children in the control group were HBsAg positive at 15 years after vaccination, in comparison with 1.9% (1/52) of the tested children in the vaccinated (P < 0.02). 28 chronic HBsAg carriers were identified in the control cohort over the 15 years, whereas only 1 case was noted in the vaccinated group (8.2% vs. 0.3%, P < 0.00001), corresponding to an efficacy of 96%.     

广西壮族自治区隆安县乙型肝炎疫苗全程接种后的免疫记忆研究

目的了解接种全程乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗后的免疫记忆情况。方法1987-1989年出生时接种乙肝血源疫苗的1201名新生儿,以及1996-1999年出生时接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗的2484名新生儿,于2005年随访时检测乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、表面抗体（抗-HBs）和核心抗体（抗- HBc）,结果959名3项乙肝病毒（HBV）标志物均阴性,其中228名接种乙肝血源疫苗,731名接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗,于加强免疫1针乙肝酵母重组疫苗后15 d时检测其抗-HBs。此外,随机选择11名加强免疫后无应答和22名有应答者,应用酶免疫斑点法（ELISPOT）测定白细胞介素-2（IL-2）。有初次免疫后抗-HBs定量检测资料者190名,比较其初次免疫和加强免疫后抗-HBs水平。结果加强免疫后,79．82%接种乙肝血源疫苗者抗-HBs阳转,几何平均滴度（GMT）为325．69 mIU/ml;95．62%接种乙肝酵母重组疫苗者抗-HBs阳转,GMT为745．18 mIU/ml。加强免疫后所产生的抗-HBs水平与初次免疫后抗体滴度有关。加强免疫后抗-HBs阳转者的IL-2阳性率（40．91%）也高于无应答者（P＜0．01）。结论在乙肝疫苗初次免疫后,抗-HBs转阴者中,大部分仍具有免疫记忆,仅少部分在长期随访中丧失免疫记忆。因此,在高流行地区,对丧失免疫记忆者应进行乙肝疫苗加强免疫。     

上海市黄浦区新生JL血源乙型肝炎疫苗免疫后23年免疫效果追踪研究

目的 观察血源乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗免疫的长期效果。方法 对上海市黄浦区1986年出生并接种乙肝疫苗的新生儿进行隔年随访, 采血检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝核心抗体(抗—HBc), 与本底对照(1984-1985年HBV横断面调查结果)以及外对照(1991年开展的相邻区域同年出生但未接种乙肝疫苗儿童调查的结果)相比计算保护效果。结果 随访队列23年间共计采集血液标本5993份, 抗-HBs阳性率随免疫时间延长逐渐下降(从89.01%下降至18.77%), 平均为40.39%;抗-HBc各年阳性率平均值在1.87%上下波动;HBsAg阳性率波动保持在1.00%(0.46%~0.98%)以下, 平均为0.62%(37/5993), 与本底对照相比, 各年龄组疫苗的保护效果在81.37%~95.78%;与外对照相比, 疫苗保护效果为72.76%。结论 血源乙肝疫苗中长期保护效果良好, 免疫后23年无加强免疫的必要。     

两种重组乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果比较

目的 比较两种重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗的免疫效果。方法 对1304名18～50岁年龄组人群的血清样品用放射免疫试验(RIA)检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc，该3项指标均为阴性者注射重组乙肝疫苗。在注射疫苗后1年和3年时检测血清抗-HBs滴度，以观察不同年龄、不同性别的成人接种重组乙肝疫苗的免疫效果。结果 成人接种重组乙肝疫苗后均能获得良好的免疫效果，接种5μg重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗1年和3年后，抗-HBs阳性率分别为82．76％、70．77％，抗体滴度分别为55．91mIU／ml、35．41mIU／ml；接种10μg重组(CHO)疫苗1年和3年后，抗-HBs阳性率分别为83．74％、72．22％，抗体滴度分别为56．89mIU/ml、30．29mIU／ml.5μg重组(酵母)和10μg重组(CHO)乙肝疫苗免疫效果基本相同。两种疫苗抗-HBs阳性率和滴度随着免疫时间的延长而降低。结论 18～50岁年龄组人群接种重组(酵母)和重组(CHO)乙肝疫苗均可获得良好的免疫效果。     

Hepatitis B immunity in children vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: a follow-up study at 15 years

BACKGROUND: The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination of infants is unknown. We determined antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and response to a booster dose 15 years after vaccination among Alaskan children born to hepatitis B surface antigen-negative mothers. These children had protective anti-HBs concentrations when tested after receiving a three-dose series of 2.5 microg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth. METHODS: Participants received 5 microg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Sera were collected at baseline, 10-14 days and 1 month after vaccination, and tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and anti-HBs. An anamnestic response was defined as an anti-HBs increase within 15 days, from either undetectable to >/=10 mIU/mL, or, if the baseline concentration was detectable, a 4-fold increase. RESULTS: None of 37 participants (mean age 14.6 years) were anti-HBc positive. An anamnestic response (GMC=254 mIU/mL, range 16-2767 mIU/mL) was observed in 18 (51%) of 35 participants who had sera collected within 15 days after the booster. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, half of children who had received hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth did not have evidence of immune memory as measured by development of anamnestic responses to booster vaccination. Additional studies are needed to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to infection and whether persons vaccinated starting at birth may benefit from a hepatitis B vaccine booster to maintain long-term protection.     

Epidemiological serosurvey of Hepatitis B in China—Declining HBV prevalence due to Hepatitis B vaccination

Objective

To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B core anti-body (anti-HBc) in a representative population in China 14 years after introduction of hepatitis B vaccination of infants.

Methods

National serosurvey, with participants selected by multi-stage random sampling. Demographics and hepatitis B vaccination history collected by questionnaire and review of vaccination records, and serum tested for HBsAg, antibody to anti-HBc and anti-HBs by ELISA.

Findings

The weighted prevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc for Chinese population aged 1–59 years were 7.2%, 50.1%, 34.1%, respectively. HBsAg prevalence was greatly diminished among those age <15 years compared to that found in the 1992 national serosurvey, and among children age <5 years was only 1.0% (90% reduction). Reduced HBsAg prevalence was strongly associated with vaccination among all age groups. HBsAg risk in adults was associated with male sex, Western region, and certain ethnic groups and occupations while risk in children included birth at home or smaller hospitals, older age, and certain ethnic groups (Zhuang and other).

Conclusions

China has already reached the national goal of reducing HBsAg prevalence to less than 1% among children under 5 years and has prevented an estimated 16–20 million HBV carriers through hepatitis B vaccination of infants. Immunization program should be further strengthened to reach those remaining at highest risk.     

四川省乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的 了解乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后四川省乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况.方法 利用血清流行病学分析方法.按多阶段随机抽样方法,对四川省8个调查县(区)共14个调查点调查并采集静脉血标本2～4 ml,共3806人份,用ELISA酶标法对标本进行HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc检测.结果 14个调查点人群HBsAg标化阳性率为7.05%;抗-HBs标化流行率为29.77%,HBV流行率为40.30%.15岁以下人群乙肝疫苗接种率为70.73%,HBsAg阳性率为2.62%,抗-HBs 56.68%;5岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为83.44%,HBsAg阳性率为1.47%,抗-HBs阳性率为67.69%.3岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为85.77%,HBsAg、抗-HBs阳性率分别为1.78%、75.44%.结论 四川省开展乙肝疫苗接种以来,人群乙肝流行病学特征发生改变,HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率均有不同程度下降,15岁以下儿童下降更为明显.     

中国3岁以上人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学研究

目的了解中国现阶段乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（HBV）感染现状和评价自1992年乙肝疫苗纳人儿童免疫策略所取得效果。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心“2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查”保留的血清开展乙肝血清学检测。以美国Abbott乙肝酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）试剂为金标准选择中国乙肝ELISA检测试剂，并用固相放射免疫方法校对检测结果。结果中国≥3岁人群HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率、HBV流行率经调整后分别为9．09％、37．48％、50．04％；3～12岁儿童分别为5．03％、45．33％、29．10％。≥3岁城市人群HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率分别为4．61％、43．51％，农村人群分别为9．41％、56．77％。3～12岁城市儿童HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率分别为2．10％、20．45％，农村儿童分别为8．25％、39．22％。结论中国≥3岁人群乙肝流行病学特征已发生改变，乙肝疫苗纳人儿童免疫规划效果显著，人群HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率均有不同程度下降，3～12岁儿童下降更为明显。