男性出租车司机生命质量及其影响因素分析

目的 评价男性出租车司机生命质量状况,探讨影响生命质量的因素.方法 应用MOS SF-36健康调查量表对247名成都市男性出租车司机进行问卷调查.结果 男性出租车司机生命质量的各维度得分均低于四川省男性参考值(P＜0.05).工龄＜2年组的司机在躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、精神健康4个维度的得分高于工龄≥2年的司机(P＜0.05).不同收入组司机,除精力和社会功能2个维度之外,在其他6个维度得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).就餐有规律组与无规律组比较,生命质量8个维度的得分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 成都市男性出租车司机生命质量低于四川省城市男性平均水平;工龄、个人收入、就餐是否规律与该职业人群生命质量有关系.     

职业紧张对火车司机心理健康的影响

目的探讨职业紧张因素对火车司机心理健康的影响。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取某铁路局的火车司机280人为调查对象,用职业紧张量表(OSI)和精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查。结果单因素分析发现,以工龄、体育锻炼和娱乐活动的情况、职业紧张总分以及6个因子分分组,组间SCL-90总分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果表明(α入=0.05,α出=0.10),影响火车司机SCL-90总分的主要因素是职业紧张、参加体育锻炼和娱乐活动的情况,来源于家庭与工作、经历与成就的职业紧张是影响火车司机心理健康的主要职业紧张因素。结论职业紧张是火车司机心理健康的重要影响因素。针对职业紧张因素采取干预措施来保护火车司机的心理健康至关重要。     

精神卫生医护人员心理状况及影响因素分析

目的了解精神卫生医护人员心理健康状况,探究精神卫生医护人员心理健康状况的影响因素,为制定有效健康干预措施提供参考依据。方法对山东省某精神卫生中心住院医生、护士进行面对面访谈,填写SCL-90症状自评量表和心理卫生影响因素调查表。结果精神卫生医护人员SCL-90总分及各因子分均明显高于综合性医院医护人员;SCL-90总均分存在不同工龄、学历和健康状况人群的差别;学历、主观支持度和总支持度是精神卫生医护人员心理健康状况的影响因素。结论精神卫生医护人员心理健康异常率较高,明显差于综合性医院医护人员;学历、社会主观支持度和总支持度是其心理健康状况的影响因素;长工龄医护人员心理健康状况明显优于<5年工作者;医护人员健康者心理状况明显优于体弱者。     

济南市出租车司机生命质量及其影响因素分析

目的了解济南市出租车司机生命质量基本情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,利用SF-36生命质量量表对719名出租车司机进行问卷调查。结果出租车司机生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康得分分别为(86.18±14.27)、(72.65±25.04)、(80.30±14.79)、(60.04±20.97)、(66.15±14.86)、(77.84±26.5)、(63.17±44.26)、(66.72±18.55)分,均低于常模(P0.05);出租车司机的生命质量得分在不同班次、年龄、受教育程度、收入、工龄、工作时长、睡眠时长、职业相关疾病和运动等方面有统计学意义(P0.05);多元逐步回归分析显示,夜班班次、工作时长越长、工龄越长、患有职业相关疾病、不运动或偶尔运动的出租车司机生命质量得分较低。结论出租车司机生命质量得分较低,应更多关注出租车司机生活状况,提高该人群生命质量。     

达州市出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患者社会心理特征及其相关因素

目的对达州市出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患者社会心理特征进行调查,分析出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患病相关因素。方法选择2015年1月—2018年12月在四川省达州市中西结合医院泌尿外科就诊的263例出租车男司机进行研究。先以美国国立卫生研究院慢性前列腺炎症状指数(NIH-CPSI)对调查对象前列腺炎样症状进行调查,根据NIH-CPSI结果将患者分为2组,4分者为健康组,≥4分者为慢性前列腺炎组。采用自制一般情况调查表、焦虑抑郁量表、国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF5)、系统家庭动力学量表及社会支持评定量表对出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患者社会心理特征进行调查。对比2组不同指标差异,并对出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患病相关因素进行分析。结果本次调查共发放问卷263份,回收有效问卷259份,回收率为98.48%,其中70例(27.03%)经NIH-CPSI诊断为慢性前列腺炎。2组患者婚姻状况、文化程度、社会支持评定量表得分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。健康组患者年龄、驾龄、HAD量表焦虑、抑郁得分明显低于慢性前列腺炎组(P0.05),IIEF5及系统家庭动力学量表得分明显高于慢性前列腺炎组(P0.05)。单因素logistic分析结果显示,年龄、驾龄、焦虑、抑郁、IIEF5及系统家庭动力学量表得分为慢性前列腺炎患病影响因素(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,驾龄、焦虑、抑郁为出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患病的独立性危险因素,系统家庭动力学量表得分为保护因素(P0.05)。结论驾龄、焦虑、抑郁为出租车司机慢性前列腺炎患病的独立性危险因素,IEF5及系统家庭动力学量表得分为保护因素。     

外来工职业紧张对心理健康影响的分析

[目的]分析职业紧张对外来工心理健康的影响。[方法]应用职业紧张量表修订版(OSI-R)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)测试644名外来工的职业紧张和心理健康状况。[结果]随着职业紧张程度的增加,其心理健康状况逐渐降低;工龄<5年的心理健康状况差于工龄≥5年的,且总均分、强迫、抑郁、偏执和精神病性等因子分差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);在SCL-90因子分≥2检出率中,高度紧张组高于中度和低度紧张组,中度组高于低度组的趋势。[结论]职业紧张可影响外来工的心理健康,保护和促进其身心健康是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。     

机车乘务员身心健康状态评定及其影响因素分析

目的调查机车乘务员的生理、心理健康状况及其影响因素,为更好地开展机车乘务员的预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和自编量表对阜阳机务段375名机车乘务员的生理、心理健康状况进行评定。结果机车乘务员高血压患病率高于全国平均水平;心电异常检查中,不同工龄组患病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=89．484,P〈0．01）。SCL-90评定中,机车乘务员除人际紧张、恐怖外的7项因子分及总分均高于全国常模水平,以躯体化、强迫症状2项因子分最高;单值乘司机组的因子分最高;30～39岁年龄组机车乘务员各项因子分高于其他年龄组,与全国常模的差异性最为显著;15～25岁年龄组机车乘务员因子分、总分高于全国常模,且差异性显著,并高于其他工龄组。多元回归分析提示,机车乘务工作属性是影响机车乘务员心理健康的主要因素。结论阜阳机务段机车乘务员生理健康状况不容乐观,心理健康评定结果低于全国常模。     

常熟市医学放射工作人员职业健康体检指标分析及防护应对

目的了解常熟市医用放射工作人员的健康状况,为本市今后放射防护工作的开展提供建议和对策。方法选择2004年和2011年参加职业病体检的371名医用放射工作人员作为观察对象,按放射工龄长短分为三组,A组为工龄〈5a;B组为工龄5～15a;C组为工龄〉15a。对其体检结果进行回顾性分析。结果①WBC：2004年工龄5～15a组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PLT：2004年各工龄组与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。ALT、AST：不同工龄组与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②随着放射工龄的增加,眼晶体的异常率呈上升趋势。2004年和2011年工龄〈15a组与工龄〉15a组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。两年内工龄〉15a组与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。③2011年放射工作人员的染色体异常率和微核异常率均随着工龄的增加而增高,且明显低于2004年各工龄组。2011年该两项指标工龄〈15a组与工龄〉15a组者相比,均有统计学意义（P〈0．01;P〈0．05）;且工龄〉15a组与对照组相比皆差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。2004年该两项指标各工龄组间均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;2004年各工龄组的微核异常率与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论目前常熟市放射工作人员的健康状况明显好于2004年,且工龄〈15a者无明显健康问题,但工龄15a后健康状况令人堪忧,提示辐射防护工作仍是我们职业病防治工作的重点。     

性病病原学检测中开展健康教育和心理干预的研究

目的：对我室病原学检测诊断为NG、UU、CT感染的患者实施健康教育和心理干预后，评估患者的康复效果。探索将性病病原学的检测与健康教育和心理干预相结合的有效模式。方法：NG、UU、CT感染的STD患者400名患者分为两组，对干预组实施健康教育和心理干预。采用SCL-90对两组患者进行心理健康状况的评估和比较。结果：被诊断为NG、UU、CT感染患者的SCL-90各因子均分明显高于地方常模的分值，差异有统计学意义。实施干预后的实验组与对照组比较，SCL-90在多个因子上，干预组的均分均显著低于对照组（t=2．1～5．7，P〈0．01～0．05）。结论：将性病病原学的检测与健康教育和心理干预相结合是倡导现代医学模式的有效平台，社会和心理因素对性传播疾病的诊治转归影响明显。     

出租车司机生活习惯与泌尿系统疾病关系的探讨

目的探讨出租车司机泌尿系统疾病的患病情况与工作生活中各因素的关系,为职业卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法对200名武汉市区出租车司机进行有关工作生活方式与现患泌尿系统疾病情况的问卷调查。单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归分析。结果出租车司机的憋尿频律与泌尿系统疾病紧密相关(P<0.05),OR=3.000(95%CI=1.479~6.085);憋尿频率、憋尿时间及排尿频率与泌尿系统症状显著相关(P<0.05),其OR值分别为2.421(95%CI=1.147~5.113)、2.331(95%CI=1.051~5.169)、3.600(95%CI=1.489~8.705)。结论经常憋尿、憋尿时间过长、小便次数过少都会使出租车司机患泌尿系统疾病或泌尿系统症状的可能性增加。     

北京市出租车司机生活方式与健康状况现状调查

目的了解北京市出租车司机生活方式与健康现状,为改善出租车司机的健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在北京首都机场T3航站楼地下停车场候机排队的出租车中随机抽取1052人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方法收集司机的生活方式与健康状况等信息。结果北京市出租车司机的出车方式以单班为主(61.3%),出车时长每天平均(13.4±3.5)个小时,郊区司机的出车平均时长比城区多3个小时,睡眠时长每天平均(6.8±2.2)个小时。司机的BMI平均为(25.8±3.8)。仅有36.9%的司机在1周内参加过中等强度及以上的活动。48.4%的司机在最近1年参加过体检,城区司机的体检率(54.8%)高于郊区司机(45.4%)。68.4%的出租车司机吸烟,51.6%的司机饮酒,城区的吸烟率和饮酒率均高于郊区。20%的司机不能保证每天吃蔬菜,仅有22.5%的司机每天吃水果。每天平均吃蔬菜(347.1±212.4)g,常吃萝卜、黄瓜、西红柿。每天平均吃水果(204.2±150.0)g,常吃苹果、香蕉、西瓜。结论北京市出租车司机饮食起居无规律,工作时间偏长,存在许多不健康的生活方式,健康状况不容乐观。     

A study on work and daily life factors affecting the health of taxi drivers]

In order to elucidate factors affecting taxi drivers health, a questionnaire survey was performed on 5523 taxi drivers and health examinations were conducted on 311 taxi drivers from among them. Analysis by a method of multivariate analysis called Quantification II was performed with dependent variables being blood pressure, the number of subjective symptoms and fatigue on rising, and independent variables being work and daily life conditions. The major results of this survey were as follows: 1) A tendency for hypertension risk to increase with degree of obesity, and both employment as a taxi driver for 1-4 years and over twenty years of taxi driving were positively associated with increase in risk for hypertension. 2) Common factors to all types of work shifts which were related to an increase in the number of subjective symptoms were irregularity of meals, insufficient rest on off days, large number of years engagement at taxi driving, frequent frightening experiences while driving and comparatively short driving distance in one shift. 3) Common factors to all types of work shifts that were connected with fatigue at the time of rising were insufficient rest on off days and long years engagement in taxi driving.     

上海市出租车司机饮食行为现状调查

目的了解出租车司机饮食行为和膳食结构的特点,为相关部门制定健康教育策略提供依据。方法以随机拦截的方法,对上海虹桥机场蓄车池中的1018名出租车司机进行问卷调查。结果出租车司机每日在外就餐以及1日3餐均在外就餐的比例分别为98.4%和44.6%;吃早餐的司机中96.6%的司机的早餐营养不充足,仅0.9%的司机早餐营养充足;司机中不吃早餐、午餐和晚餐的比例分别为3.0%、2.0%和2.4%;司机工作在外时,午餐和晚餐主要是"主食+荤菜+素菜"的膳食构成模式,较少选择水果;司机选择午餐和晚餐的就餐环境,干净卫生和能吃饱是主要考虑的因素,仅4%左右的司机会考虑营养的因素,其中市区司机选择午餐和晚餐时考虑营养的比例高于郊区司机。结论出租车司机存在饮食不规律,1日3餐分配和膳食结构不合理的现象,应加强出租车司机的营养知识宣传教育,降低超重和肥胖,预防高血压等慢性病的发生。     

昆明市区157例出租车司机动脉血气分析结果

目的研究昆明市出租车司机血气分析结果,为出租车司机健康指导提供依据。方法对昆明市184名出租车司机进行一般情况调查和动脉血气分析,所得数据进行统计处理。结果共采集到有效标本157份,血气分析中pH为7.45±0.03,PaO2为(83.02±7.86)mm Hg,PaCO2为(29.57±4.85)mm Hg,HCO3-和SaO2分别为(20.35±3.33)mmol/L和(96.59±1.07)%。其中开车年限大于20 a者,动脉血氧分压小于开车小于等于10 a者。年龄大于50岁者其血氧分压值低于年龄位于30~40岁之间者。结论随开车年限和年龄的增加,出租车司机动脉血气中氧分压会出现降低。我们应加强健康宣教,同时嘱出租车司机进行呼吸功能锻炼,改善出租车人群的健康状况。     

Psychosocial risk factors at work associated with the level of physical activity among motorcycle taxi drivers

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the association of psychosocial risk factors at work, sociodemographic, and occupational characteristics with the level of physical activity among motorcycle taxi drivers.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 750 male motorcycle taxi drivers from the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. A form containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics was utilized. The psychosocial risk factors at work were evaluated by the Job Content Questionnaire and the level of physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The adjusted associations were analyzed by means of the Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: the prevalence of an insufficiently active level of physical activity was of 59.6%. The crude prevalence ratios (PR) showed an association between physical inactivity in motorcycle taxi drivers and high strain job (PR: 1.31), with 5 or more years of experience (PR: 1.67), in night shifts (PR: 1.36) and 40 or more years old (PR: 1.77). In the multivariate model, adjusted by income, work in high strain is kept associated to a situation of being insufficiently active (PR: 1.13), duration of employment of five or more years raised by 51.0% the frequency of insufficiently active physical activity (PR: 1.51) and the work in predominantly nocturnal shifts increased it by 26.0% (PR: 1.26). It is made evident that age was an effect modifier (p?<?0.001) and its interaction was evaluated by including the corresponding product term (job Demand–Control model), which shows that the association between highly straining work and being insufficiently active was observed only among the youngest (21–39?years old) (PR: 1,21).

Conclusions: the age and exposure to unfavorable working conditions, like long duration of employment, night work and work under high psychological demand and low control, have an influence on the insufficient physical activity among motorcycle taxi drivers.     

A questionnaire study on health of taxi drivers--relations to work conditions and daily life

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 5,523 taxi drivers in Osaka Prefecture to investigate their working conditions and daily life as well as characteristics of their health condition and various effects on health, especially on their cardiovascular system. The major results of this survey were as follows: 1) The rate of subjective symptoms, morbidity rate and rate of poor physical condition over the past year in the taxi drivers were higher than those of the control group. Among the subjective symptoms, the rate of gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, musculoskeletal system disorders, sensory system disorders, hemorrhoids, etc. was especially high. 2) Work shift, density of work, years of experience in taxi-driving, frequency of fright while driving, pattern of taking meals, way of recuperation on rest days or holidays, obesity, smoking, and intake of coffee and alcohol were found to be factors affecting the health of taxi drivers. 3) Nearly half of the respondents said that they would like to quit or change their job with as much as 62% giving "condition of health" as reason. On the other hand, the rate of heart-related symptoms such as palpitation, and breathlessness did not differ from that of the control group. The possible reason for this deduced from the foregoing results, is that there were some who had changed or quit the job at an early stage for health reasons such as heart trouble and severe physical and mental burden resulting from taxi driving. 4) Many taxi driver are obese and the rate of those with heart-related symptoms was considerably high among those classified as obese. In addition, the results showed that those with longer driving experience tended to be obese.     

武汉市男性出租车司机高血压病危险因素分析

目的探讨武汉市男性出租车司机中高血压病患病率及其危险因素，为其职业保健工作提供依据。方法对2005～2007年期间，在湖北省医学体格检查中心进行健康体检的7987名武汉市男性出租车司机体检资料进行统计分析。结果武汉市男性出租车司机高血压患病率为28．28％，高于一般人群，高血压病除遗传因素外，与驾龄，体重指数（BMI）等因素密切相关。结论武汉市男性出租车司机人群高血压病的患病率不容乐观，应采取综合防治措施，降低该人群高血压患病率。     

The health effects of taxi driving: the case of visible minority drivers in Toronto

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between work and health among visible minority taxi drivers. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews with taxi drivers (10) and industry informants (5), document analysis, and participant observation. Data analysis followed the principles of grounded theory. RESULTS: The data suggest that factors such as racism/discrimination, the nature of their social position (e.g., immigrant status, language barriers, lack of access to economic resources, lack of 'Canadian' work experience), and the social and organizational characteristics of work (e.g., employment contracts and the nature of work) constituted threats to taxi drivers' health and influenced their health-related behaviours. They experienced economic exploitation, economic uncertainty, occupational violence, fatigue, and high levels of competition, and they engaged in risky behaviours on the job. Taxi drivers also employed various health-protective behaviours in an effort to manage the threats to health. DISCUSSION: These findings are consistent with extant studies of taxi drivers. However, further research is needed to more clearly discern the influence of ethnicity in work-health relationships. The study has implications for population health and is suggestive of areas for further research; e.g., other service-oriented occupations where workers have limited control and little is known about their health or health-related behaviours.     

北京市出租车司机膳食结构与饮食行为调查

目的了解北京市出租车司机膳食结构与饮食行为,为改善出租车司机的营养健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在北京首都机场T3航站楼地下停车场候机排队的出租车中随机抽取1052人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方法收集司机的饮食行为、膳食结构等信息。结果 21.8%的出租车司机出车时3餐均在外就餐,郊区司机3餐进食时长低于城区司机。出租车司机不吃早餐、午餐、晚餐的比例分别是10.5%、4.4%和14.8%。出租车司机出车时午餐和晚餐的构成主要是"主食+荤菜+素菜",较少司机选择加入水果,尤其是午餐。干净卫生和能吃饱是司机们选择就餐环境时考虑的主要因素,仅有少部分司机在选择午餐(20.4%)或晚餐(27.4%)时会考虑营养因素。结论北京市出租车司机特别是郊区司机,目前仍存在饮食不规律、3餐分配及膳食结构不合理的现象。     

Occupational factors associated with low back pain in urban taxi drivers

BACKGROUND: Urban taxi drivers differ from other professional drivers in their exposures to physical and psychosocial hazards in the work environment. Epidemiological data on low back pain (LBP) of this occupational group are very scarce. AIMS: To examine LBP in taxi drivers and its association with prolonged driving and other occupational factors. METHODS: We analyzed the cross-sectional data from the Taxi Drivers' Health Study. Standardized instruments were used to collect information on personal factors, work-related physical and psychosocial factors and driving time profiles. LBP prevalence was assessed using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were employed for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Of 1242 drivers, 51% reported LBP in the past 12 months, significantly (P < 0.001) higher than other professional drivers (33%) in Taiwan. After adjusting for the effects of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, anthropometric measures and socioeconomic positions, we found that driving time >4 h/day [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.78; 95% CI 1.02-3.10], frequent bending/twisting activities while driving (adjusted OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.15-2.99), self-perceived job stress (POR 1.75; 95% CI 1.20-2.55), job dissatisfaction (POR 1.44; 95% CI 1.05-1.98) and registration type were the major occupational factors significantly associated with higher LBP prevalence in taxi drivers. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified that long driving time and several physical and psychosocial factors are associated with high prevalence of LBP in taxi drivers. This should be further investigated in prospective studies. Future studies are needed to examine the potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to low levels of whole-body vibration.