新型大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭载体的构建及卡那霉素抗性基因表达的研究

用 PCR（polymerase chain reaction）技术克隆了卡介苗（Bacille Calmette-Guerin,BCG）热休克蛋白 65（heat shock Protein 65, hsp65）启动子序列,构建成穿梭载体ME-65。该载体含有分枝杆菌和大肠杆菌的质粒复制基因、BCG的hsp65高效启动子序列以及在分枝杆菌和大肠杆菌中都能表达的卡那霉素抗性基因。将其转化到耻垢分枝杆菌和BCG中均可稳定复制并表达卡那霉素抗性。质粒对宿主菌的生长无明显的影响,未观察到质粒的丢失和突变。该载体具有分子量小、容量大、转化效率高、复制稳定、含有多克隆位点等优点,将外源基因插入到hsp65启动子的下游,可望在BCG中获得高效表达。为BCG和其它分枝杆菌发展成多价重组疫苗开辟了新途径。     

日本血吸虫26ku抗原基因在分枝杆菌和大肠杆菌中的高效表达

构建了大肠杆菌－分枝杆菌穿梭质粒ｐＢＣＧ－２０００，并将日本血吸虫２６ｋｕ抗原（Ｓｊ２６ＧＳＴ）基因在分枝杆菌中进行了克隆和表达。以质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ ｓｋ为骨架，分别克卫生玫分枝杆菌质粒复制基因、Ｎｅｏ基因（编码卡那霉素抗性）以及人结核杆菌热休克蛋白７０（ｈｅａｔ ｓｈｏｃｋ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ｈｓｐ７０）的启动子，并带有质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ的多克隆位点，构建成分枝杆菌－大肠杆菌穿梭     

结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白60编码基因的克隆与原核表达

目的 克隆结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白60(Hsp60)编码基因, 并在大肠杆菌中表达.方法 利用PCR技术从结核杆菌H37Rv株中扩增hsp60基因,并将其与pZero-T载体连接,进行DNA测序.将得到的hsp60基因亚克隆到表达载体pProEXHTb中,构建重组原核表达质粒pProEXHTb-TBhsp60,并在大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达.结果 成功地克隆了结核分枝杆菌hsp60基因.DNA测序证实,与GenBank公布的序列一致.含pProEXHTb-TBhsp60基因表达质粒的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导后,能够高效表达相对分子质量(KD)约为60KD的融合蛋白.结论 获得了结核分枝杆菌hsp60基因,成功地构建了原核表达质粒pProEXHTb-TBhsp60,并在大肠杆菌得到表达,为研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.     

卡介苗热休克蛋白16.3基因的克隆与原核表达

目的 克隆卡介苗(BCG)的热休克蛋白16.3基因(hsp16.3),并在大肠杆菌中表达.方法 利用PCR技术从BCG中扩增hsp16.3基因,并将其克隆到质粒pProEX HTb中,进行测序.将得到的重组表达质粒pProEX HTb-hsp16.3在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达.结果 成功地克隆了BCG hsp16.3基因.经DNA测序证实,与Gen Bank公布的序列一致.含pProEX HTb- hsp16.3重组质粒的大肠杆菌BL21经诱导后,能够表达相对分子质量约为16KDa的融合蛋白.结论 获得了BCG hsp16.3基因,成功构建原核表达质粒pProEX HTb- hsp16.3,并在大肠杆菌得到高效表达.     

日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj26GST的构建及其表达

目的 构建日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28a-Sj26GST,研究该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达.方法 超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫,提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增获得Sj26GST抗原编码基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET28a,构建重组质粒pET28a-Sj26GST,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对表达产物进行分析和鉴定.结果 RT-PCR扩增出676 bp的Sj26GST基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj26GST基因成功插入pET28a中,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物为相对分子质量约为36×103的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的26%;Western blot鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别.结论 成功构建了日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28d-Sj26GST,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有特异的抗原性.     

分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pJHSP70的构建及鉴定

目的 用结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein70,HSP70)启动子改建分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pJEM11为分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒pJHSP70,并对其功能进行鉴定.方法 以卡介苗(BCG)基因组DNA为模板,利用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增HSP70启动子,克隆至pMD18-T载体,经鉴定后,再定向克隆入pJEM11的Apa Ⅰ位点与SnaB Ⅰ位点之间,构建pJHSP70载体,并对载体进行PCR及酶切鉴定,然后再将幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)尿素酶B亚单位(urease B subunit,UreB)基因克隆入pJHSP70载体,评价其在耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria smegmatis,M. smegmatis)mc2 155中的表达情况.结果 从BCG基因组中扩增出160 bp的基因片段,所构建的穿梭质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定与预期结果一致.测序结果证实插入片段正确,UreB基因在M. smegmatis中成功表达.结论 成功改建穿梭质粒pJEM11为穿梭表达质粒pJHSP70.     

日本血吸虫重组质粒pET32α-Sj26GST-Sj32的构建及其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达

目的 构建日本血吸虫重组质粒pET32α-Sj26GST-Sj32,分析该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达情况.方法 超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增获得Sj26GST和Sj32抗原编码基因,然后采用基因拼接法(gene SOEing)剪接Sj26GST和Sj32,得到Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET32α(+),构建重组质粒pET32α-Sj26GST-Sj32,转化人大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot对表达产物进行分析和鉴定.结果 基因拼接法扩增出约1991 bp的Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因成功插入pET32a(+)中,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物为分子质量约82000 Mr的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的22%;Westem-blot鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别.结论 成功构建了日本血吸虫重组质粒pET32α-Sj26GST-Sj32,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有特异的抗原性.     

分泌表达人IL-12基因重组卡介苗菌株的构建和筛选

目的 筛选获得分泌表达人白介素12(IL-12)的基因重组卡介苗菌株.方法 采用PCR反应从pORF-h IL-12载体中扩增得到人IL-12基因的完整序列,克隆入大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌(E.coli-BCG)穿梭载体pMV361中,构建含人IL-12基因的重组质粒rpMV-IL-12.将纯化的rpMV-IL-12电穿孔转化卡介苗(BCG),通过卡那霉素抗性筛选、基因组PCR方法进行初步鉴定,再经热休克诱导表达后,分别收集培养上清液和细菌沉淀,进行SDS-PAGE分析,筛选得到IL-12基因重组BCG(rBCG-12).结果 成功构建含人IL-12基因的大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭质粒rpMV-IL-12,测序结果与GenBank收录序列一致,未发生突变.rpMV-IL-12电穿孔转化BCG,经卡那霉素抗性筛选及基因组DNA的IL-12目的 片段PCR扩增筛选得到rBCG-12重组菌.rBCG-12热休克诱导表达后的SDS-PAGE电泳,从培养上清液中检测到相对分子质量为70×103的蛋白质条带,而细菌沉淀中未见到特异性条带.结论 分泌表达人IL-12蛋白的重组BCG菌株构建、筛选成功.     

人结核杆菌热休克蛋白65重组卡介苗疫苗的构建、表达及鉴定

目的　构建人结核杆菌热休克蛋白 6 5 (HSP6 5 )重组卡介苗 (BCG)疫苗。方法　用PCR技术从BCG基因组中扩增出抗原 85B (Ag85B)的信号肽DNA序列 ,从 pCMV MTHSP 6 5质粒中扩增出HSP6 5全长基因。利用DNA重组技术将以上两个片段插入质粒 pBCG 2 10 0的人结核杆菌HSP70启动子下游 ,构建一个分泌型的原核穿梭表达质粒pBCG SP HSP6 5。利用电穿孔的方法将该质粒转入BCG中 ,经热诱导后 ,用SDS PAG电泳来观察其表达水平。利用Westernblot来检验HSP6 5的生物学活性。结果　酶切鉴定、PCR和测序分析结果表明 ,所克隆的信号肽DNA片段和热休克蛋白 6 5DNA片段与报道结果完全一致 ,重组体的连接方向正确 ,阅读框与预期完全一致。热诱导后 ,重组BCG表达的 6 5kD (1kD =0 992 1ku)蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 35 6 7% ,占裂解物上清总蛋白的 74 0 9% ,表明重组的HSP6 5基因能在BCG中高效表达 ,表达的蛋白大部分以可溶状态存在。通过Westernblot证实分泌的该蛋白能与结核杆菌HSP6 5的抗体特异性结合。结论　成功构建分泌型原核穿梭表达质粒pBCG SP HSP6 5 ,重组的HSP6 5基因能在BCG中高效表达 ,表达的HSP6 5具有生物学活性 ,重组BCG疫苗构建成功。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.