肾移植术后三种免疫抑制方案不良反应的对比研究

目的：评价不同免疫抑制方案在肾移植中应用的安全性。方法：采用前瞻性、随机、对照研究。根据肾移植术后所用免疫抑制方案将180例肾移植患者随机分为3组,A组：环孢霉素A（CsA）十霉酚酸酯（MMF）＋泼尼松（Pred）;B组：普乐可复（FK506）＋MMF＋Pred;C组：CsA＋硫唑嘌呤（Aza）＋Pred。术后随访18～62个月,观察3组用药后的药物不良反应。结果：在不良反应总发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（x^2=20．05,P％0．05）。在胃肠道反应、肾移植术后糖尿病、感染发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异无统计学意义（x^2=5．07,P〉0．05）;而在肾毒性、高血压发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,C组明显高于A、B组;在多毛、牙龈增生、骨髓抑制、高血脂、肝毒性的发生率方面,A、B、C组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,A、C组明显高于B组。结论：在药物不良反应方面,以FK506、MMF、Pred组成的免疫抑制方案较CsA、MMF、Pred方案和CsA、Aza、Pred方案相对专伞。     

两种免疫抑制方案在肾移植术后的应用比较

我们比较了不同抗排斥方案的肾移植患者在预后、术后各种并发症等方面的情况，旨在探讨理想的免疫抑制方案。 1．对象和方法：收集自1993年至2003年成功实施肾移植患者249例，根据免疫抑制方案的不同分为两组：硫唑嘌呤（Aza）组（应用Aza＋环孢素A＋激素）与霉酚酸酯（MMF）组（MMF＋环孢素A＋激素），其中Aza组89例，MMF组160例。统计分析两组移植肾及受者1年存活率、1年无病症比例（肾移植术后1年内无任何并发症，肾功能良好者）及各种并发症（包括急性排斥、加速性排斥反应、急性肾小管坏死、感染、肝损害、白细胞减少等）等。     

两种免疫抑制方案在肾移植中应用的不良反应对比分析

目的 评价免疫抑制剂的不同组合在肾移植中应用的安全性。方法 回顾分析肾移植患者的临床资料，术后采用环孢素A(CsA)、硫唑嘌呤(Aza)及泼尼松(Pred)三联用药预防排斥反应者37例(Aza组)，采用CsA、霉酚酸酯(MMF)及Pred三联用药者35例(MMF组)。比较分析两个组用药后的药物不良反应。结果 在消化道反应、白细胞减少、全血细胞减少以及继发感染发生率等方面，MMF组与Aza组的差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，而肝功能损伤的发生率，Aza组明显高于MMF组(P＜0．05)。结论 在药物性肝损伤方面，以MMF、CsA及Pred组成的免疫抑制方案较CsA、Aza及Pred方案相对安全。     

应用环孢素A的肾移植患者合用地尔硫(艹卓)的临床效果观察

目的探讨使用环孢素A(CsA)的肾移植患者合用地尔硫芯卓的临床效果。方法将1529例肾移植患者分为研究组和对照组,研究组肾移植术后应用CsA、硫唑嘌呤(Aza)及泼尼松(Pred)(研究组1)或CsA、霉酚酸酯(MMF)及Pred(研究组2)预防排斥反应,两个研究组同时加用地尔硫芯卓;对照组使用CsA、Aza及Pred预防排斥反应,不用地尔硫芯卓。观察研究组和对照组的CsA用量、血CsA浓度、移植效果、急性排斥反应发生率以及CsA的肝、肾毒性。结果研究组1的CsA用量低于对照组(P<0.05),但血CsA浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01);研究组2的CsA用量显著低于对照组(P<0.01),但血CsA浓度与对照组相近(P>0.05);研究组1和研究组2移植肾功能恢复正常的时间分别缩短至4.7d和3.9d,较对照组显著提前(P<0.05);两个研究组的急性排斥反应发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论应用CsA的肾移植患者合用地尔硫芯卓,能明显提高血CsA浓度,从而减少CsA用量,同时能促进移植肾功能的恢复,改善移植效果。     

应用环孢素A的肾移植患者合用地尔硫的临床效果观察

目的探讨使用环孢素A(CsA)的肾移植患者合用地尔硫(艹卓)的临床效果.方法将1529例肾移植患者分为研究组和对照组,研究组肾移植术后应用CsA、硫唑嘌呤(Aza)及泼尼松(Pred)(研究组1)或CsA、霉酚酸酯(MMF)及Pred(研究组2)预防排斥反应,两个研究组同时加用地尔硫(艹卓);对照组使用CsA、Aza及Pred预防排斥反应,不用地尔硫(艹卓).观察研究组和对照组的CsA用量、血CsA浓度、移植效果、急性排斥反应发生率以及CsA的肝、肾毒性.结果研究组1的CsA用量低于对照组(P＜0.05),但血CsA浓度明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);研究组2的CsA用量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),但血CsA浓度与对照组相近(P＞0.05);研究组1和研究组2移植肾功能恢复正常的时间分别缩短至4.7 d和3.9 d,较对照组显著提前(P＜0.05);两个研究组的急性排斥反应发生率较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论应用CsA的肾移植患者合用地尔硫(艹卓),能明显提高血CsA浓度,从而减少CsA用量,同时能促进移植肾功能的恢复,改善移植效果.     

肾移植术后恶性肿瘤4例报告

我院1992-1999年行同种异体肾移植126例，其中4例并发恶性肿瘤，现报告如下。例1男，56岁。因慢性肾小球肾炎、尿毒症并发乙肝表面抗原阳性于1996年行肾移植术，手术后肾功能3 d恢复正常，术后应用环孢素A（CsA)，硫唑嘌呤（Aza)，泼尼松（Pred)三联免疫抑制疗法。3年后突然出现上消化道出血。经胃镜及病理证实为胃印戒细胞癌，予对症治疗，3个月后因晚期胃癌带肾死亡。例2男，37岁。因慢性肾小球肾炎、尿毒症于1995年1月行肾移植术，术后肾功能恢复正常。常规使用CsA、Aza、Pred三联免疫抑制疗法。术后2年出现移植肾肾炎，增加免疫抑制…     

新山地明、新赛斯平、田可在肾移植中疗效和安全性比较

目的比较新山地明胶囊、新赛斯平胶囊、田可胶囊在尸肾移植应用中的疗效和安全性。方法对我院2001年1月-2003年7月接受首次尸肾移植的患者179例，移植术后采用以环孢素A（cyclosporine A，CsA）为主的三联免疫抑制剂治疗，即：CsA＋霉酚酸酯（mycophenolate mofetil，MMF）或硫唑嘌呤（azathioprine，Aza）＋泼尼松（Prednisone，Pred）。其中新山地明组45例、新赛斯平组53例、田可组81例，随访12—30月，观察3组血药浓度变化、急性排斥反应发生率、人／肾存活率、感染发生率；肾功能、肝功能、血脂及血糖水平在不同时间段变化。用SPSS11．0软件进行统计学处理及初步分析。结果新山地明、新赛斯平、田可CsA血药浓度变化趋势基本相同，急性排斥反应发生率、人／肾存活率、感染发生率的差异无显著性；3组在术后1、3、6、12月肾功能、肝功能、血脂及血糖水平数值变化差异无统计学意义。结论新山地明、新赛斯平、田可3组间的疗效和安全性统计学上无显著差异。     

咪唑立宾在临床肾移植中的应用

目的 观察咪唑立宾(MZR)预防肾移植后排斥反应的效果及不良反应.方法 100例肾移植患者后采用由MZR与环孢素A(CsA)、泼尼松(Pred)组成的三联方案预防排斥反应(MZR组),以100例采用CsA.霉酚酸酯(MMF)与Pred组合者为对照(MMF组),随访12个月,观察急性排斥反应发生率,人、肾存活率以及与药物有关的不良反应.结果 术后12个月内,MZR组及MMF组急性排斥反应发生率分别为11%和9%,差异无统计学意义.MZR组人、肾存活率均为100%,MMF组均为99%.MZR组腹泻、严重肺部感染的发生率分别为4%和1%,明显低于MMF组的12%和6%,而血尿酸升高者(25%)明显多于MMF组(6%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 含咪唑立宾的免疫抑制方案用于预防肾移植后的排斥反应安全、有效,不良反应较少.     

肾移植术后应用来氟米特与霉酚酸酯两种三联免疫抑制方案的比较

来氟米特（leflunomide，LEF）是一种新型免疫抑制剂，大量动物实验证实，来氟米特可以有效地预防和治疗肾移植术后急性排斥反应。因此，我们在肾移植术后应用环孢素A（CsA）＋来氟米特（LEF）＋泼尼松（Pred）三联免疫抑制方案（LEF组）与CsA＋霉酚酸酯（MMF）＋Pred三联免疫抑制方案（MMF组）进行对比观察，评价肾移植受者使用LEF的免疫抑制效果和安全性，结果报道如下。     

肾移植1140例次总结

目的 总结肾移植经验、改善移植效果、提高长期康复率。方法 总结1979年1月至2000年6月1140例次肾脏移植资料，分析患者状况、组织配型、供肾情况、移植手术、移植并发症、免疫抑制治疗等对移植效果的影响及其它影响移植效果的因素。结果 1、3、5年人/肾存活率（%）分别为：93.5/88.6、76.4/70.2和65.5/61.4其中近5年的1、3、5年人/肾存活率（%）分别为：95.1/90.2、79.2/75.3和69.9/65.1；超急性排斥发生率2.19%，急性排斥（AR）21.4%，慢性排斥（CR）17.9%移植后发生感染425例，急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）151例，药物毒性作用340例；共死亡336例，因感染死亡占47.3%，心脑血管并发症死亡占34.8%。结论 （1）充分的术前准备是肾移植成功的重要保证，提高肾及移植手术的质量是提高存活率的基础，加强组织配型是提高存活率的关键之一。（2）并发症是影响存活率的重要因素，预防移植肾慢性失功是稀薄标兵 中晚期处理的重点，坚持出院后患者的随访对提高长期康复率有决定性的作用；（3）合理应用免疫抑制剂是移植后治疗的重点，环孢素A（CsA)、霉酚酸酯（MMF）、泼尼松（Pred)三联是目前理想的免疫抑制治疗方案。     

肾移植术后早期肾功能恢复对人肾长期存活的影响

目的 探讨肾移植术后早期肾功能恢复情况对人肾长期存活的影响。方法 总结1990-1998年652例肾移植患者资料。根据肾功能恢复情况分为3组：肾功能恢复迅速（IGF）组（A组）473例，肾功能恢复缓慢未行透析治疗（SGF）组（B组）82例，肾功能延迟恢复（DGF）组（C组）97例。对3组患者5、10年人。肾存活率及1年急性排斥反应和带肾死亡情况进行比较分析。结果 A组5、10年人／肾存活率分别为74．0％／70．2％、66．9％／60．3％，B组为64．6％／61．0％、62．2％／42．2％，C组为60．8％／43．3％、55．7％／23．0％。5年人存活率A、B组高于C组，5年。肾存活率A组高于C组，5年人／肾存活率A、B组差异无统计学意义。10年人／肾存活率A组〉B组〉C组，差异均有统计学意义。3组1年急性排斥反应发生率为20．1％、30．5％、43．2％，组间差异有统计学意义。3组1年带肾死亡率为4．7％、4．9％、12．4％，A、B组〈C组，A、B组间差异无统计学意义。急性排斥反应和带肾死亡病例排除后进行比较，3组长期存活率差异无统计学意义。结论 肾移植术后早期肾功能恢复情况对移植患者长期人肾存活有明显影响，DGF患者的影响最明显，SGF预后介于IGF和DGF间。SGF和DGF对长期存活的影响可能源于移植早期较高的急性排斥反应或并发症发生率。     

Comparisons of clinicopathological correlations between immediate and slow graft function in renal transplant recipients

Abstract: The functional recovery state of renal transplants can be divided into three types: immediate graft function (IGF), slow graft function (SGF) and delayed graft function (DGF). In contrast to the well-known clinical outcomes for IGF and DGF, the pathological findings and clinical outcomes of SGF are undetermined. This study evaluated possible clinicopathological correlations in 237 patients with SGF compared with patients with IGF. IGF and SGF were defined by serum creatinine levels (IGF < 1.2 mg/day l; SGF: ≥1.2 mg/dL) at day 14 after renal transplantation. Graft biopsy was performed on this day, and pathological classification was performed using the Banff schema. The SGF group of patients ( n  = 121) showed higher rates of cadaver donors and male recipients than the IGF group ( n  = 116), but there were no significant differences in recipient or donor age, numbers of HLA mismatches, types of immunosuppressant or follow-up periods between two groups. The SGF group showed higher serum creatinine levels at discharge, and a higher incidence of acute rejection than the IGF group (24.8% vs. 8.6%, P  < 0.05) and lower graft survival rates (1 year, 93.3% vs. 100%; 5 years, 85.4% vs. 98.6%, respectively; P  < 0.05). The presence of acute rejection in the SGF patients indicated a significantly decreased 5-year survival rate compared with the IGF group. The SGF group of patients with borderline pathology had a higher incidence of acute rejection than the IGF group, and significant increases in the expression of mRNA for pro-apoptotic genes (Fas-ligand, granzyme B and perforin) compared with the IGF group. In conclusion, SGF represents the activated immune state and is associated with poor graft outcome. Anti-rejection treatment or modified immunosuppressive regimen may thus be indicated for patients with SGF.     

Similar impact of slow and delayed graft function on renal allograft outcome and function

Kidney transplant patients can be divided into three groups, according to the initial graft function. First-week dialyzed patients form the delayed graft function (DGF) group. Nondialyzed patients are divided into slow graft function (SGF) or immediate graft function (IGF) according to whether the day 5 serum creatinine was higher versus lower than 3 mg/dL, respectively. SGF patients showed worse graft survival, above higher incidence of acute rejection and lower renal function than IGF patients, although few reports have analyzed outcomes in these groups. We analyzed the impact of SGF on graft survival, first-year renal function, and incidence of acute rejection in 291 renal transplant patients. Creatinine was significantly worse at 12 months for SGF and DGF than for IGF patients (1.9 +/- 0.8 mg/dL, 1.8 +/- 0.7 mg/dL, 1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/dL, respectively; P < .05). There was no difference in first-year renal function between SGF and DGF. The acute rejection rate was higher among the SGF than the IGF group (45% vs 21%, P < .05), but not different from DGF patients (42%, P < .05). Graft survival was better among IGF than SGF or DGF patients, with no significant difference between the last two groups (3-year graft survival, 82%, 71%, 70%, respectively; log-rank test, P < .05). Kidney transplant recipients who develop SGF have a worse outcome than patients with IGF, similar to DGF patients. SGF patients show worse graft survival, worse renal function, and higher acute rejection rates than IGF patients, despite not needing dialysis.     

用于肾移植的几种免疫抑制方案的对比研究

目的 比较肾移植后几种常用免疫抑制治疗方案的疗效与副作用。方法 根据所使用的免疫抑制治疗方案将８７例肾移植患者分为４组,Ａ组的免疫抑制治疗方案为他克莫司（ＦＫ５０６）、霉酚酸酯（ＭＭＦ）和泼尼松（Ｐｒｅｄ）;Ｂ线为环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）、ＭＭＦ和Ｐｒｅｄ;Ｃ组为ＣｓＡ、硫唑嘌呤（Ａｚａ）和Ｐｒｅｄ;Ｄ组为ＣｓＡ和Ｐｒｅｄ。观察术后移植肾功能的恢复情况、排斥反应发生率、并发症及免疫抑制剂用量的变化。结果     

肾移植术后妊娠对移植肾的影响

目的 探讨肾移植术后妊娠对移植肾的影响。方法 对1978年4月至2002年3月妊娠超过5个月的13例肾移植受者资料进行回顾性分析。结果 免疫抑制方案，4例采用环孢素A（CsA)及泼尼松（Pred)。5例为CsA，霉酚酸酯（MMF）及Pred。4例为他他克莫司（FK506），MMF及Pred。13例中，10例患者妊娠足月，生产，母，婴均存活，移植肾功能稳定；1例产后2周因并发肺部感染，心力衰竭死亡，死亡时移植肾有功能，婴儿存活；2例妊娠中期出现蛋白尿，病理证实移植肾发生慢性排斥反应，终止妊娠，但抗排斥治疗无效，切除移植肾，恢复血液透析，目前11名子女健康，无发育异常。结论 肾移植患者若情况允许，在严重监护下是可以妊娠的。     

肾移植患者术后早期应用霉酚酸酯的临床观察

目的 观察肾移植术后早期不同剂量霉酚酸酯（ＭＭＦ）与环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）和泼尼松（Ｐｒｅｄ）联用预防急性排斥反应的效果及安全性。方法 将６４例肾移植患者分为３组,分别给予ＭＭＦ２．０ｇ／ｄ（Ａ组）、１．５ｇ／ｄ（Ｂ组）及Ａｚａ ５０～１００ｍｇ／ｄ（Ｃ组）,每组均联用ＣｓＡ及Ｐｒｅｄ（剂量相同）。观察肾移植术后６个月内急性排斥反应的发生率、移植肾功能及药物的副作用。结果 Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组急性排斥反应的发     

应用血肌酐下降率预测肾移植患者术后早期肾功能恢复情况

目的 探讨肾移植术后患者SCr下降率(CRRz)与早期移植肾功能恢复情况的相关性,建立早期预测移植.肾功能恢复的标准. 方法同种异体肾移植术后患者80例.分3组:①移植肾功能立即恢复(IGF)组53例,术后5 d SCr＜265.2 gmol/L;②移植肾功能缓慢恢复(SGF)组14例,术后5 d SCr＞265.2gmol/L,但1周内不需要透析治疗;③移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)组13例,术后1周内需要透析治疗.比较分析3组患者CRR:值和CRRz的99%可信区间(99%CI).结果 IGF组、SGF组和DGF组患者CRR2值分别为(46.8±14.6)%、(25.6±13.5)%和(0.7±17.7)%,99%C1分别为41%～52%、15%～36%和-14%～16%.3组间CRR2值两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P≤0.01).由3组CRR2的99%CI设定IGF、SGF、DGF的早期预测标准分别为CRR2≥40%、15%＜CRR2＜40%和CRR2≤15%.结论 CRR2与术后早期移植肾功能恢复情况有较好的相关性,可用于早期预测移植术后患者发生明功能延迟恢复的风险.     

Risk factors for slow graft function after kidney transplants: a multivariate analysis

BACKGROUND: We previously defined an intermediate group of cadaver kidney transplant recipients who do not have immediate graft function (IGF), but do not have sufficient graft dysfunction to be classified as having delayed graft function (DGF). We showed that this group with slow graft function (SGF) had an increased risk of rejection and inferior long-term results vs. recipients with IGF. The aim of our current study was to determine risk factors for SGF, which have not been well defined (in contrast to risk factors for DGF). METHODS: Between January 1, 1984 and September 30, 1999, we performed 896 adult cadaver kidney transplants at the University of Minnesota. Recipients were analysed in three groups based on initial graft function: IGF [creatinine (Cr) < 3 mg/dL by post-operative day (POD) no. 5], SGF (Cr > 3 mg/dL on POD no. 5, but no need for dialysis), and DGF (need for dialysis in the first week post-transplant). A multivariate analysis looked specifically at risk factors for SGF, as compared with risk factors for DGF. Outcomes with regard to graft survival and acute rejection (AR) rates were determined for the three groups. RESULTS: Of the 896 recipients, 425 had IGF, 238 had SGF, and 233 had DGF. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for SGF showed donor age >50 yr (RR=3.3, p=0.0001) and kidney preservation time >24 h (RR=1.6, p=0.01) to be the most significant risk factors. A multivariate analysis of risk factors for DGF showed similar findings, although high panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) and donor Cr >1.7 mg/dL were also significant risk factors for DGF. Initial function of the graft significantly influenced the subsequent risk of AR: at 12 months post-transplant, the incidence of AR was 28% for those with IGF, 38% for those with SGF, and 44% for those with DGF (p=0.04 for SGF vs. DGF). Initial graft function also significantly influenced graft survival: the 5-yr death-censored graft survival rate was 89% for recipients with IGF, 72% for those with SGF, and 67% for those with DGF (p=0.01 for IGF vs. SGF; p=0.03 for SGF vs. DGF). CONCLUSIONS: SGF represents part of the spectrum of graft injury and post-transplant graft dysfunction. Risk factors for SGF are similar to those seen for DGF. Even mild to moderate graft dysfunction post-transplant can have a negative impact on long-term graft survival.     

儿童肾移植的临床研究

目的 总结儿童肾移植的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析1980年6月至2008年12月41例儿童肾移植的临床资料,其中1980-1993年(G1)有8例患儿,均未进行免疫诱导,术后采用以环孢素A+硫唑嘌呤+泼尼松为基础的免疫抑制方案;1994-2001年(G2)有18例患儿,均应用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白免疫诱导,术后采用他克莫司(或环孢素A)+吗替麦考酚酯(或硫唑嘌呤)+泼尼松的方案;2002年后(G3)有15例患儿,均应用抗白细胞介素-2受体单克隆抗体(IL-2RA)免疫诱导,术后采用他克莫司(或环孢素A)+吗替麦考酚酯+小剂量泼尼松(或无泼尼松)的方案.分别对三个阶段患儿术后急性排斥反应(AR)和移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)等并发症发生率、存活率及生长发育情况等进行比较.结果 41例患儿术后1、3、5年人/肾存活率分别为97.6%/90.2%、95.1%/82.9%和90.2%/75.6%,其中G1为87.5%/75.0%、75.0%/50.0 %和75.0%/50.0%、G2为100.0%/94.4 %、100.0%/83.3%和94.4%/72.2%以及G3为100.0%/100.0%、100.0%/100.0%和100.0%/93.3%,G3明显高于G1(P<0.05),但与G2无明显差异.41例中共有13例发生AR,发生率为31.7%,其中G3的AR发生率分别为13.3%,明显低于G1和G2的50.0%和38.9%(P<0.01).G1、G2和G3患儿的身高分别增长了(2.9±0.6)、(3.2±0.6)和(3.8±0.9)cm,G3患儿身高的增长幅度最为明显(P<0.05).G1、G2和G3患儿间DGF发生率无明显差异,高血压和感染是最为多见的并发症.结论 良好的组织配型、适宜的手术方法、恰当的免疫抑制剂血药浓度及AR早期诊断是保证儿童肾移植成功的关键.IL-2RA免疫诱导能够有效地降低AR发生率,而小剂量激素或无激素方案最大程度的改善了影响患儿骨骼发育的限制因素,促进患儿生长.     

Immunosuppression for delayed or slow graft function in primary cadaveric renal transplantation: use of low dose tacrolimus therapy with post-operative administration of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody

BACKGROUND: Patients who develop delayed graft function (DGF) following cadaveric renal transplantation have inferior survival to those who do not. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) may prolong recovery from DGF. Patients with DGF are therefore routinely treated with either polyclonal antilymphocyte preparations or monoclonal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and delayed introduction of CNI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody basiliximab (BSLIX) started post-operatively in patients at high risk for DGF combined with low dose tacrolimus (TAC). METHODS: Patients who received a primary cadaveric renal transplant only after August 1998 were included in this retrospective study (n = 143). All patients received TAC and mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) pre-operatively. At 6 h post-operatively, graft function was assessed clinically by urine output and serum creatinine. Those patients who had a urine output < 300 cc/6 h or a rising serum creatinine were presumed to be at risk for DGF (n = 46). These patients were treated with 20 mg BSLIX and had TAC dose reduced to maintain a trough blood level of < 5 ng/mL. Basiliximab was repeated at day 5. Patients not felt to be at risk for DGF were treated with standard TAC dose with trough level target of 9-12 ng/mL. Patients at risk were classified as DGF if they needed dialysis or as slow graft function (SGF) if they did not. The combined group (SGF/DGF) were analysed together. Patients with SGF/DGF had their TAC dose increased to achieve trough levels of 9-12 ng/mL when renal function improved. Patient groups were compared for demographics, need for dialysis, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), TAC trough levels, MMF dosage, complications and 1- and 2-yr actuarial graft survival. RESULTS: Patients with SGF/DGF had a longer length of stay (8 vs. 5.7 d), were more likely to be black (41.3 vs. 25.7%), and required more post-operative haemodialysis (HD) (52.2 vs. 4.1%). SGF/DGF and non-SGF/DGF patients had similar rates of rejection (28.2 vs. 19.6%, p = 0.28) and steroid resistant rejection (SRR) (6.5 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.32). There were no differences in the rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (4.3 vs. 6.1%). Serum creatinine was higher and GFR lower at all time points in the SGF/DGF patients. The 1 and 2 yr actuarial survival in the non-SGF/DGF patients was 97.6 and 97.6% compared with 1 and 2 yrs actuarial survival of 94.1% and 80.0% in the SGF/DGF patients, p = 0.04. There were no differences in patient survival. There were no differences in actuarial survival for the SGF/DGF patients who received dialysis compared with those who did not receive dialysis. Comparison of patients who received HD (n = 28) to those who did not (n = 115), regardless of group demonstrated no difference in 1 and 2 yrs actuarial survival, 100 and 94.1% in HD patients vs. 98.2 and 92.5% in non-HD patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical diagnosis of SGF/DGF can be made 6 h post-operatively based on urine output and serum creatinine. Basiliximab can be started post-operatively in these patients and decreased levels of TAC can be used to achieve acceptably low rates of rejection in these patients. However, SGF/DGF patients, regardless of their need for dialysis, have worse function at 1 yr and lower 2-yr actuarial graft survival compared with non-SGF/DGF patients. Most of the poor survival can be attributed to the SGF group. Further strategies to either prevent SGF/DGF or to optimize treatment in these patients are needed.