贵州果柚汁对辛伐他汀调脂作用的影响及机理初探

目的：研究贵州产果柚汁对辛伐他汀调脂作用的影响及其机理。方法：将Wistar大鼠随机分为五组。除对照组外，其余各组均饲喂高脂饮食，各实验组按5ms／kg辛伐他汀灌胃，并加用不同剂量的果柚汁。实验8周后，检测各组大鼠血脂水平，采用RT—PCR的方法测定肝脏及小肠药物代谢酶CYP3A基因的表达水平。结果：果柚汁能增强辛伐他汀降低血清胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)，升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)，抑制小肠CYP3A基因表达的作用。结论：贵州遵义产果柚汁对辛伐他汀的调脂作用具有协同效应，其机理可能与果柚汁抑制了CYP3A基因表达有关。     

辛伐他汀对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响及果柚汁、橙皮甙的协同作用

目的观察调脂药辛伐他汀对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响及贵州产果柚汁、橙皮甙对辛伐他汀的协同作用.方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为:对照组、高脂血症模型组、辛伐他汀组、低剂量果柚汁 辛伐他汀组、高剂量果柚汁 辛伐他汀组、低剂量橙皮甙 辛伐他汀组、高剂量橙皮甙 辛伐他汀组.除对照组外,其余各组均饲喂高脂饮食,各实验组按5mg/kg辛伐他汀灌胃,并分别加用不同剂量的果柚汁或橙皮甙.实验8wk后,检测各组大鼠肝脏抗氧化指标的变化.结果辛伐他汀显著增强高脂血症大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及使GSH含量升高,降低肝组织MDA含量.贵州产果柚汁、橙皮甙能使辛伐他汀的上述作用进一步增强.结论辛伐他汀有增强肝脏抗氧化酶活性的作用,贵州产果柚汁、橙皮甙对此作用有协同效应.     

依折麦布对饮食性高胆固醇血症大鼠胆固醇吸收及代谢相关靶点的调节作用

目的 探讨依折麦布对饮食性高胆固醇血症大鼠胆固醇吸收及代谢相关靶点的调节作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠,正常组喂食普通饲料,其余组喂食高脂饲料,复制饮食性高胆固醇血症大鼠模型.依折麦布组除喂食高脂饲料外,每天灌胃给药,连续给药4周,测定大鼠血清、粪便、肝脏的总胆固醇,并测定大鼠肝脏CYP7A1、LXRα、小肠NPClL1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清、粪便总胆固醇含量均显著上升(P＜0.01),肝脏总胆固醇含量上升(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,依折麦布组大鼠血清、肝脏总胆固醇含量均显著下降(P＜0.01),粪便总胆固醇含量显著上升(P＜0.01).依折麦布组大鼠肝脏CYP7A1、LXRα、小肠NPC1L1 mRNA和蛋白的表达与模型组、正常组比较均显著下降(P＜0.01).结论 依折麦布能降低饮食性高胆固醇血症大鼠血清和肝脏总胆固醇含量,增加粪便总胆固醇排出,并能抑制肝脏CYP7A1及小肠NPC1L1的表达,其抑制CYP7A1表达可能与下调LXRα有关.     

辛伐他汀对血脂、载脂蛋白A1、B100及hs-CRP的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀调脂治疗对高脂血症患者载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、apoB100及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响。方法选择79例原发性高脂血症患者,辛伐他汀治疗前后检测血脂、apoA1、apoB100及hs-CRP的变化。结果治疗后血清胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、apoB100明显降低(P<0.01),apoA1/apoB100比值明显增高(P<0.05),hs-CRP水平明显降低(P<0.01)。结论辛伐他汀除具有显著调脂作用外,还可减轻炎性反应,多途径抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

两种不同剂量辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症的效果对比

目的观察两种不同剂量辛伐他汀治疗高脂血脂症的效果及安全性。方法对60例高脂血症患者治疗前后的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平的变化。结果两组服药后均有明显的调脂作用,其中B组调脂作用更强(P<0.05),两组不良反应无明显差异。结论辛伐他汀降血脂作用明显,安全可靠,在治疗高脂血症时,适当增加剂量可提高调脂疗效。     

化浊祛湿方对脂代谢紊乱大鼠miR-27b/PPARα表达的影响

目的观察化浊祛湿方对脂代谢紊乱大鼠模型血脂水平的影响及对miR-27bmRNA及其下游有关脂代谢靶基因表达的影响,分析其调节血脂代谢的可能机制。方法 54只SD大鼠适应性喂养3 d后,随机选出10只作为空白组,其余大鼠采用高脂饲料喂养建立脂代谢紊乱动物模型。根据血脂水平及油红O染色结果判定脂代谢紊乱模型是否成功,将造模成功大鼠分为模型组(8只)、辛伐他汀组(8只)、低剂量组(8只)、中剂量组(9只)、高剂量组(9只)。辛伐他汀组给予辛伐他汀片混悬液(按照大鼠的等效剂量为人日剂量的7倍计算)灌胃,低、中、高剂量组给予化浊祛湿方灌胃,中剂量为人的等效剂量(按照大鼠的等效剂量为人日剂量的7倍计算),低剂量为人等效剂量的1/2剂量,高剂量为人等效剂量的2倍剂量。药物干预12周后,检测血脂水平,肝脏组织进行实时定量PCR检测miR-27b、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1 (SREBP 1)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶(HSL)基因表达。结果药物干预12周后,与模型组比较,化浊祛湿方低、中、高剂量组、辛伐他汀组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平下降(P 0.05)。大鼠肝脏组织目的基因表达:化浊祛湿方低剂量组与模型组miR-27b比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);化浊祛湿方各剂量组与模型组SREBP1、ACC表达比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);化浊祛湿方各剂量组与模型组PPARα、HSL表达比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论化浊祛湿方可以有效地调节脂代谢紊乱大鼠的血脂水平,其调节机制可能是与化浊祛湿方抑制miR-27b表达,调节下游靶基因,增加PPARα及HSL表达,调节肝组织脂肪代谢,促进脂质分解,从而发挥调节脂代谢的作用有关。     

葡萄柚汁与药物相互作用的特征和个体差异

葡萄柚汁是一种柑桔类果汁 ,它能与近 4 0种药物在不同程度上发生相互作用。大多数受影响的药物口服生物利用度低、代谢过程受细胞色素P4 5 0 3A4 (CYP3A4 )的控制。有研究表明 ,葡萄柚汁能够抑制小肠CYP3A4介导的药物氧化代谢过程 ,导致血药浓度上升 ,从而使得药效增强或不良反应增加 ;葡萄柚汁与药物相互作用的个体差异与个体小肠CYP3A4的表达水平有关 ;呋喃香豆素类化合物是葡萄柚汁中关键的CYP3A4抑制剂     

辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾肥大指数的影响

目的　探讨辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾肥大指数的影响。方法　将实验动物随机分为正常对照组 (A组 )、糖尿病组 (B组 )及辛伐他汀治疗观察组 (C组 )。第二、四、六周分别取各组 5只大鼠收集标本 ,检测血糖、血胆固醇及肾肥大指数的变化。结果　辛伐他汀观察组血胆固醇水平、肾肥大指数均低于糖尿病组。结论　辛伐他汀可以降低糖尿病大鼠肾肥大指数 ,对糖尿病肾脏病变有保护作用。     

自制“清源调脂胶囊”作用机理的研究

目的:研究自制"清源调脂胶囊"的制血与作用机理。方法:选大鼠建立模型并设对照组与治疗组进行"清源调脂胶囊"对高脂血症大鼠低密度脂蛋白受体基因表达影响的实验研究和治疗高脂血症性脂肪肝实验研究及大鼠实验性动脉粥样硬化形成影响的研究。结果:"清源调脂胶囊"能降低大鼠血总胆固醇TC、TG、LDE-C水平,并对动脉粥样硬化早期病变产生明显的抑制作用,还能有效改善肝脏脂肪沉积,对高脂血症性脂肪肝有显著治疗作用。结论:清源调脂胶囊可用于治疗和改善高脂血症。     

调脂灵对高脂血症大鼠脂代谢酶及载脂蛋白的影响

目的 探讨调脂灵(TZHK) 对高脂血症大鼠的调血脂作用和机理.方法 采用大鼠喂食高脂乳剂建立高脂血症模型,观察调脂灵对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂水平、载脂蛋白AⅠ (ApoAⅠ )、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)含量及脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝脂酶(HL)活性的影响.结果 调脂灵的三个剂量组均能显著降低饮食性高脂血症模型大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、ApoB的水平,并能显著升高HDL-C、ApoAⅠ、LPL、HL水平.结论 调脂灵具有调节血脂代谢异常作用,对高脂血症有防治作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.