白癜搽剂的制备与质量控制的实验研究

目的 制备白癍搽剂并对其主要成分进行定性和定量检测。方法 以补骨脂、栀子等药材为主要原料加75％乙醇浸泡一周制成搽剂。同时采用薄层色谱法（TLC）对处方中的补骨脂、栀子进行定性鉴别，并用薄层扫描法对补骨脂素和异补骨脂素进行含量控制。结果 薄层色谱上均鉴别出制剂和各自药材的特征斑点，而空白对照色谱无此斑点；且补骨脂素和异补骨脂素在2～6μg浓度范围内线性关系良好，方法平均回收率补骨脂素为97．13％，RSD；5．84％：异补骨脂素为97．55％，RSD=5.2％。结论 制剂处方及制备工艺合理，简便；质量控制方法操作简单，重现性好，适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

芎菊上清丸质量标准研究

目的为芎菊上清丸提供质量控制方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的栀子、黄芩进行了定性鉴别；以薄层扫描荧光法测定了制剂中盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果薄层色谱斑点清晰；盐酸小檗碱在0．06—0．30μg范围内点样量与荧光强度线性关系良好，平均回收率为101．64％，RSD为0．37％(n=5)。结论栀子和黄芩的定性鉴别及盐酸小檗碱的含量测定方法简便可靠、重现性好，可作为制剂的质量控制方法。     

润通丸质量标准研究

目的建立润通丸的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对润通丸中的白芍、枳实、大黄进行定性鉴别；用高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中芍药苷的含量。结果薄层色谱法可明显鉴别出该制剂中的白芍、枳实、大黄。芍药苷在0．2-1．6μg范围内，进样量与峰面积线性关系良好，r=0．9999，样品的平均加样回收率为99．45％，RSD为0．73％，n=9。结论薄层色谱法呈现斑点清晰，专属性强，可用于润通丸的鉴别；高效液相色谱法简便快速，精密度高，准确度好，可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

蒲地蓝消炎片的质量标准研究

目的完善蒲地蓝消炎片的质量控制方法。方法采用薄层色谱法对方中黄芩、蒲公英与苦地丁进行鉴别；用高效液相色谱法测定方中黄芩苷的含量。结果TLC鉴别方法专属性强；黄芩苷线性范围为0．12-3．0μg（r=0．9997），平均回收率为98．8％，RSD为0．7％（n=6）。结论本方法操作简便，结果准确，灵敏度高，重复性好。该质量标准可有效地控制蒲地蓝消炎片的质量。     

柴桂解表颗粒质量标准的研究

目的建立柴桂解表颗粒的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对柴桂解表颗粒中的桂枝、黄芩、麻黄、甘草进行定性鉴别，用HPLC法测定该制剂中芍药苷的含量。结果薄层色谱法可鉴别出该制剂中的桂枝、黄芩、麻黄、甘草。芍药苷在0.063-1.260μg范围内线性关系良好，r=0.9999，样品的平均加样回收率为97.30％，RSD为1.84％，（n=6）。结论薄层色谱法斑点显色清晰，专属性强，高效液相色谱法操作简便、准确、重复性好，可用于柴桂解表颗粒的质量控制。     

加味调经种玉丸的质量标准的研究

目的研究加味调经种玉丸的质量控制。方法采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的紫河车，仙灵脾，苍术进行定性鉴别；用HPLC法对制剂中芍药苷进行含量测定。结果薄层色谱斑点清晰，无干扰；HPLC法含量测定中，芍药苷的进样量在43．32—635．36μg·ml^-1范围内，呈良好线性。结论方法简便，准确，可用于加味调经种玉丸的中药质量控制。     

HPLC测定藏药螃蟹甲中8-乙酰氧基山栀子苷甲酯的含量

目的建立藏药螃蟹甲中8-乙酰氧基山栀子苷甲酯的HPLC测定方法,为进一步控制螃蟹甲药材及其制剂的质量提供参考依据。方法色谱柱为SymmetryC18（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）,流动相：乙腈-水（6：94）,HAe调pH=4．50,流速0．8mL／min,柱温20℃,检测波长234nm。结果8．乙酰氧基山栀子苷甲酯浓度在0．787～14．76μg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好（r=0．9999）;加样回收率为99．21％（RSO=1．68％）。螃蟹甲药材中8-乙酰氧基山栀子苷甲酯平均含量为（0．62±0．19）mg·g^-1。结论本方法简便、准确、专属性强,可用于螃蟹甲药材中8-乙酰氧基山栀子苷甲酯的含量测定。     

产后康口服液质量标准的研究

目的建立产后康口服液质量标准。方法用双波长薄层反射锯齿扫描测定黄芪甲苷含量。采用薄层色谱法鉴别黄芪、当归、益母草。结果平均加样回收率为97．3％,RSD为1．24％(n=6);在1．0—5．0μg范围内线性良好(r=0．9994)。结论本法操作简易、准确、重复性好,能够控制产后康口服液的质量。     

RP-HPLC法测定止咳橘红口服液中柚皮苷的含量

目的 建立RP-HPLC法测定止咳橘红口服液中有效成分柚皮苷含量的方法。方法 采用HPLC法，色谱柱为C18柱，流动相为甲醇-冰乙酸-水（70：3：130），检测波长为283nm。结果 柚皮苷线性范围13．0～130μg。ml^-1，r=0．999 9（n=5）；止咳橘红口服液中柚皮苷回收率为99．0％（n=9），RSD为1．06％。结论 测定方法简便、稳定，能有效地控制该制剂的质量。     

芩连消痤丸的质量标准研究

目的建立芩连消痤丸的质量控制标准。方法采用TLC法鉴别制剂中黄连、当归、赤芍,采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷含量。结果薄层色谱鉴别的3种供试品色谱,在与对照品或对照药材色谱相应的位置上均能显示相同颜色的斑点;黄芩苷含量测定平均回收率为99．67％,RSD为1．16％。结论陔方法操作简便、灵敏准确,重现性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制标准。     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme