血管内皮生长因子与肿瘤血管生成

目的 评价血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）对肿瘤血管生成的影响及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用。方法 通过对近年来血管内皮生长因子促进肿瘤血管生成方面的相关文献回顾,总结VEGF研究的进展,介绍抗血管生成治疗在肿瘤生物治疗中的作用。结果 血管生成在肿瘤生长中的重要地位已经被证实。在众多的促进肿瘤血管生成因素中,VEGF起到最基础和最关键的作用。针对VEGF的抗肿瘤血管生成的治疗已取得了很大进展,包括应用VEGF抑制剂、腺病毒介导的基因治疗等。结论 VEGF是主要的促进肿瘤血管生成的物质,针对VEGF的抗血管生成治疗可能给恶性肿瘤的治疗带来新的契机。     

血管内皮生长因子与治疗性血管生成研究进展

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growtll factor,VEGF)是内皮细胞特异的有丝分裂原,有促进内皮细胞增生、增强血管通透性、加速新血管形成的作用.血管生成是一个具有重要生理、病理意义的过程.在人体的创伤愈合、炎症反应、器官再生过程以及肿瘤生长转移、血管增生性疾病中,血管生成有重要作用.治疗性血管生成是指利用成血管诱导因子或内皮祖细胞,模拟体内血管生成机制,促进新生血管形成,改善侧支循环.本文就VEGF和治疗性血管生成研究进展做一综述.     

血管内皮生长因子与治疗性血管生成的基因治疗

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)又名血管通透性因子,是1989年首先由Ferrara等[1]从牛垂体星状细胞分离出的一种糖蛋白。血管生成是生理及病理性组织生长和损伤愈合的基础,所以VEGF在很多缺血性疾病的治疗中受到重视,但外源性给予VEGF在临床应用中受到给药方式、局部浓度维持、方便性及     

血管内皮生长因子在骨折修复过程中血管生成的促进作用

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在骨折修复过程中对骨折端微血管密度(MVD)的影响，探讨VEGF在骨折端血管生成中的作用。方法用168只大白鼠制作股骨骨折模型，随机分为VEGF组、拮抗VEGF组、对照组，用免疫组织化学分别测定伤后不同时间骨折端MVD的变化。结果应用外源性VEGF后。骨折端MVD明显增加；拮抗VEGF组，骨折端MVD明显下降；对照组MVD低于VEGF组，但高于拮抗VEGF组。结论VEGF在骨折修复过程中，对血管生成具有重要作用，并可能作为一种重要细胞因子参与和调节了骨折修复过程。     

血管内皮生长因子与治疗性血管生成

近年来 ,由于分子生物学等基础学科的迅猛发展 ,缺血性及其相关疾病的治疗取得了长足的进步。其中 ,以增加新生血管、改善缺血为主要目的的治疗性血管形成 (ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉ ｃａｌａｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ)广泛地应用在各类缺血及其相关性疾病的实验和临床研究中。血管形成 (ａｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ)在机体的生长发育、新陈代谢、脏器修复、创伤愈合和生殖过程中均起着重要作用[1] ,有很多因素与之有关 ,其中 ,血管内皮细胞生长因子(ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ)的作用最为突出 ,尤…     

胰腺癌淋巴管生成与血管内皮生长因子C的关系

目的探讨人胰腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF-C）和其受体3（VEGFR-3）的表达与胰腺癌微淋巴管密度（LVD）、区域淋巴结转移的关系。方法免疫组织化学SP法检测67例人胰腺癌组织VEGF-C的表达情况，VEGFR-3结合Ⅳ型胶原（collagen type Ⅳ）进行LVD计数并结合临床和病理资料进行分析。结果VEGF-C的表达和胰腺癌分化程度、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移均呈显著相关（P〈0．05），LVD与胰腺癌分化程度、区域淋巴结转移、VEGF-C的表达程度呈明显相关（P〈0．01）。VEGFR-3不仅在肿瘤淋巴管内皮细胞上表达还在部分肿瘤血管内皮细胞上表达。结论VEGF-C通过其受体VEGFR-3促进胰腺癌淋巴管生成、区域淋巴结转移。     

重组腺病毒介导血管内皮生长因子基因对血管生成的治疗作用

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄率高；支架术后再狭窄率仍高达15％～54％。采用血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因治疗的方法以质粒、重组病毒作为VEGF基因载体经心外膜下或心内膜下心肌内注射。我们用携带人VEGF165基因重组腺病毒(Ad-VEGF165)，在猪慢性心肌缺血模型体内进行了血管生成的实验研究。     

血管内皮生长因子-C反义寡核苷酸对胰腺癌淋巴管及血管生成的影响

目的观察血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)-C反义寡核苷酸对胰腺癌裸鼠原位种植瘤模型淋巴管及血管生成的影响。方法建立人胰腺癌细胞株panc-1裸鼠原位种植瘤模型,将动物随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)对照组(A组)、错义对照组(B组)和反义VEGF-C干预组(C组),每组10只,寡核苷酸用量为每次10 mg/kg体重,隔日1次,每周3次,共3周。建模4周后,处死动物,留取血清和瘤体标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫组织化学染色法检测反义VEGF-C干预对VEGF-C分泌水平及种植瘤淋巴管和血管生成的影响。结果A、B和C组血清VEGF-C的蛋白表达水平分别为(237．5±41．5)、(221．5±52．3)、(108．6±14．9)ng/L,C组较A、B组明显为低(P＜0．01)；3组种植瘤内淋巴管密度分别为13．8±2．1、12．4±1．9和4．2±1．6,C组较A、B组显著减少(P＜0．01)；3组种植瘤内微血管密度分别为27．5±8．7、25．9±4．2和19．4±5．6,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论反义寡核苷酸干预可以显著降低胰腺癌裸鼠原位种植瘤模型VEGF-C的表达水平,并对其淋巴管生成具有抑制作用。     

血管内皮生长因子的调控及其作用研究进展

血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是主要的血管生成因子,许多生长因子是通过诱导VEGF的表达而起作用的。本文对VEGF的分子生物学特性、作用、表达及生成的调节进行综述。     

乳腺癌淋巴管生成与血管内皮生长因子-C表达研究进展

肿瘤的淋巴管生成及其调节因子的表达是近年的研究热点。文中就血管内皮生长因子-C的表达促进乳腺癌淋巴管生成及淋巴道转移方面的研究作一综述。     

Regulation of Osteogenesis‐Angiogenesis Coupling by HIFs and VEGF

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, but the function of angiogenesis in bone modeling and remodeling is still poorly defined, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis in bone are only partially elucidated. Genetic manipulations in mice have recently highlighted the critical role of the hypoxia‐inducible‐factor/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this brief perspective, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for this coupling. Elucidation of such mechanisms will expand our knowledge of bone development and homeostasis, and it may aid in the design of new therapies for accelerating bone regeneration and repair.     

Increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 in prostate cancer tissue are associated with tumor progression

Aim： To investigate the differences in microvessel densities （MVD） and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, VEGF-C and VEGF receptor-3 （VEGFR-3） between prostate cancer （PCa） tissues and adjacent benign tissues, and to explore the correlations among MVD, Jewett-Whitmore staging, Gleason scores and expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the progression of PCa. Methods： An immunohistochemical approach was adopted to detect the expressions of CD34, VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in both cancer areas and peripheral benign areas of 71 primary prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens. A statistic analysis was then performed according to the experimental and clinic data. Results： Significantly upregulated expressions of VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were all found in malignant epithelium/cancer cells compared with adjacent benign epithelium （P 〈 0.01）. Patients in stage D had a significantly higher score than patients in stage A, B or C when comparing the expression of VEGF-C or VEGFR-3 in the tumor area （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, significant correlations were observed between Jewett-Whitmore staging and VEGF-C （rs = 0.738, P 〈 0.01）, clinical staging and VEGFR-3 （rs = 0.410, P 〈 0.01）, VEGF-C and Gleason scores （rs = 0.401, P 〈 0.01）, VEGFR-3 and Gleason scores （rs = 0.581, P 〈 0.001） and MVD and VEGF （rs = 0.492, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Increased expressions of VEGF and VEGF-C were closely associ- ated with progression of PCa. The main contribution of increased VEGF expression for PCa progression was to upregulate MVD, which maintained the growth advantage of tumor tissue. However, the chief role of increased expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was to enhance lymphangiogenesis and provide a main pathway for cancer cells to disseminate. （Asian J Androl 2006 Mar; 8： 169-175）     

雌激素对雄性生殖功能的影响

雄性体内的雌激素 1/ 3来源于睾丸 ,2 / 3来源于睾丸以外 ,是由雄激素经芳香化酶的作用转化而来。雌激素通过雌激素受体 (ER)起作用 ,ER有α和 β两种亚型。雌激素是雄性生殖所必需的 ,特别是幼年时雌激素的缺失能够直接影响到成年雄性的生殖能力 ,由ERα介导的雌激素对输出小管液体重吸收作用尤其重要 ,而由ERβ介导的雌激素对睾丸生精作用的影响似乎不是特别明显     

雌激素与雄性生殖

雌激素与男(雄)性生殖密切相关。人和哺乳动物体内芳香化酶(Ar)参与合成雌激素,雌激素与特异受体(ERα、ERβ)结合,行使其生物学效应。雌激素受体和Ar在雄性生殖器官所有发育阶段几乎都有表达,并通过对生殖细胞、Sertoli细胞、Leyd ig细胞和附睾的多方面调节而发挥作用。     

Angiogenesis and myogenesis in mouse tibialis anterior muscles during distraction osteogenesis: VEGF,its receptors,and myogenin genes expression

Angiogenesis and myogenesis occur in the surrounding skeletal muscles following distraction osteogenesis, but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated morphological features of lengthened muscles and the time course change of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2) and myogenin gene expression profiles related to angiogenesis and myogenesis in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with a mouse model of distraction osteogenesis, which involves 1 week of waiting period (latency phase), 2 weeks of intermittent distraction (distraction phase), and 5 weeks of remodeling period (consolidation phase). Macroscopic findings showed that lengthened TA muscles increased to approximately 42% longer and 10% heavier at the end of the process when compared to pre‐surgery. During the distraction phase, VEGF and its receptors were induced in the vascular endothelial cells, myogenin‐positive satellite cells and myocytes, and subsequently, capillary progression and myogenesis were increased. Real‐time RT‐PCR showed that Vegf, Vegfr‐1, Vegfr‐2, and myogenin genes expression was enhanced during the muscle lengthening. Vegf and Vegfr‐1 were upregulated following the recession of angiogenesis at the consolidation phase. We conclude that upregulation of VEGF and its receptors by mechanical tension‐stress could be involved in the process of angiogenesis and myogenesis in lengthened muscles. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1767–1773, 2012     

尾悬吊状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的:探讨尾悬吊造成的模拟失重状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响及其机制,为研究太空环境对人类生殖功能的影响打基础。方法:性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,分为实验1组(尾悬吊14 d)、实验2组(尾悬吊28 d)和对照1组(自由活动14 d)、对照2组(自由活动28 d),观察睾丸的重量和形态学改变、精子数量和质量改变、血液中激素含量的改变,并利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测睾丸细胞的凋亡。结果:各悬吊组大鼠睾丸重量与相应对照组相比明显下降(P<0.05),附睾精子数量和活动率明显减少(P<0.05),精子畸形率和凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素轻度增高,而睾酮含量明显下降(P<0.05)。但上述变化在悬吊14 d组和28 d组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。另外,悬吊组睾丸组织生精小管萎缩,生精上皮细胞层数逐渐减少,管腔内的精子数明显减少,悬吊28 d组比悬吊14 d组改变更明显。结论:模拟失重对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能有较明显的损害,这种损伤可能与引起睾丸生精细胞凋亡有关。抑制睾丸生精细胞凋亡也许可以防护失重状态下的生殖损害。     

丙烯酰胺的雄性生殖毒性

丙烯酰胺在工业和科研实验中广泛应用，是一种较为常见的化工原料。近年来证实，丙烯酰胺还存在于高温加热的淀粉类食品中。丙烯酰胺具有多种毒性效应，近年研究发现丙烯酰胺具有生殖毒性，表现为对雄性生殖行为、雄性生殖内分泌功能和精子生成的影响等几个方面，其可能的机制包括丙烯酰胺作用于睾丸间质细胞，与马达蛋白、染色体和DNA形成烷化物以及通过氧化损伤来影响雄性生殖。     

丙烯酰胺的雄性生殖毒性

丙烯酰胺在工业和科研实验中广泛应用,是一种较为常见的化工原料。近年来证实,丙烯酰胺还存在于高温加热的淀粉类食品中。丙烯酰胺具有多种毒性效应,近年研究发现丙烯酰胺具有生殖毒性,表现为对雄性生殖行为、雄性生殖内分泌功能和精子生成的影响等几个方面,其可能的机制包括丙烯酰胺作用于睾丸间质细胞,与马达蛋白、染色体和DNA形成烷化物以及通过氧化损伤来影响雄性生殖。     

Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 reduces human pancreatic cancer growth

In this study we investigated the effects of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 on human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The action of TNP-470 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also assessed. In vitro human pancreatic cancer cells (MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, and Capan-1), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to increasing concentrations (1 pg/ml to 100 (μg/ml) of TNP-470. Cell proliferation was assessed after 3 days by cell count and MTT assay. In vivo, 5 Χ 10⁶ pancreatic cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Four weeks later, 1 mm³ fragments of the resulting tumors were implanted into the pancreas of other mice. Animals received either TNP-470 (30 mg/kg every other day) or vehicle subcutaneously for 14 weeks. The volume of the primary tumor and metastatic spread were determined at autopsy. Concentrations of VEGF were determined in serum (VEGF_S) and ascites (VEGF_A) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microvessel density was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in CD31 -stained tumor sections. In vitro, proliferation and viability of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines were significantly inhibited at high concentrations of TNP-470 (>1 μg/ml). In contrast, TNP-470 effectively decreased the growth of HUVEC at 100 pg/ml. In vivo, tumor volume and dissemination scores were significantly lower in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines. VEGF_S and VEGF_A were not different between treated groups. Treatment with TNP-470 significantly reduced neoangiogenesis in tumors of all three human pancreatic cancer cell lines: MIAPaCa-2 = 74.8 ±7.8/0.74 mm² vs. 24.8 ±3.7/0.74 mm²; AsPC-1 = 65.3 ±5.0/0.74 mm² vs. 26.0 ±3.4/0.74 mm²; and Capan-1 = 82.2 ±5.8/0.74 mm² vs. 26.9 ±2.5/0.74 mm² (P <0.001). However, survival was not statistically different between groups. TNP-470 reduced tumor growth and metastatic spread of pancreatic cancer in vivo. This was probably due to the antiproliferative effect of the agent on endothelial cells rather than to the direct inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth. TNP-470 activity was not associated with alteration of VEGF secretion. Supported by the R.S. Hirshberg Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant HO 1843-1). Presented at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Diego, Calif., May 21–24, 2000.