Bacterial translocation in experimental uremia

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not experimental uremia would induce bacterial translocation. Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: uremic (n=20) and control (n=20). Under anesthesia, the upper and lower left renal poles and the marginal lateral parenchyma were excised in uremic group. Seven days later, in a second operation the whole right kidney was removed. In control animals, two sham operations with the same interval were performed. After 60 days from the first operation, the liver, spleen and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were excised and cultured. Blood samples were sent for biochemical analysis (BUN, creatinine, sodium and potassium) and cultured. Specimens of the jejunum (1 cm below the Treitz angle) and ileum (1 cm above the ileocecal valve) were collected and sent for histological examination and scored for the degree of inflammation of the mucosa using a classification proposed by Chiu et al. in 1970. Uremic rats presented higher BUN, creatinine and potassium than controls. Bacterial translocation was more frequent in uremic than in control animals (8/20 (40%) vs. 1/20 (5%); p=0.02). Translocation in uremic rats was observed mainly at the MLN (all eight cases). Both at the jejunum (uremic=3 [0–5] vs. control=2 [0–4]; p=0.04) and the ileum (uremic=2 [0–5] vs. control=0 [0–3]; p=0.01), inflammation score was higher in uremic rats than in controls. The intestinal mucosa barrier is impaired and bacterial translocation occurs in experimental uremia.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肠道黏膜屏障功能的损害及肠道细菌移位

目的观察急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）时肠道黏膜屏障的变化和肠道细菌移位。方法选择SD大鼠，逆行胰胆管穿刺法诱导制备大鼠ANP模型并分为两组，分别为假手术组（SO）和坏死组（ANP）。术后24h，观察大鼠ANP模型的回肠黏膜通透性、回肠绒毛高度和黏膜厚度的变化，测定血浆D-乳酸浓度和血浆内毒素水平，并行脏器细菌培养。结果ANP组血浆内毒素水平较SO组升高（P〈0．01），细菌培养SO组均无阳性，ANP组细菌培养总阳性率为55．6％，其中以腹水细菌培养阳性率最高，为75．0％，菌种鉴定主要为肠球菌和变形杆菌。ANP组24h后血浆D-乳酸浓度高于SO组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。ANP组24h回肠黏膜发生病理形态学的改变，从绒毛高度和黏膜厚度测量值上观察发现ANP组肠壁明显变薄。结论本组实验中，大鼠ANP时的回肠黏膜病理形态学的变化提示ANP大鼠肠道的机械屏障明显受损；血浆D-乳酸浓度的显著上升，证明它可从功能上反映ANP大鼠肠道屏障功能的损害。大鼠ANP时的内毒素水平和脏器细菌培养阳性率的升高，证明内毒素血症和肠道细菌移位是由于早期肠道通透性升高和肠道屏障受损所致。     

Treatment with Met-RANTES decreases bacterial translocation in experimental colitis

BACKGROUND: During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to increased bacterial translocation. Recent studies have shown the important role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In this study, we evaluated the role of Met-RANTES, an antagonist of the RANTES receptor, on the impairment of bacterial translocation in a rat model of colitis. METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 = control, group 2 = experimental colitis, and group 3 = colitis plus Met-RANTES treatment. On day 7 after colitis was induced, plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha colon tissue myeloperoxidase and portal blood endotoxin levels were measured. Lymph node, liver, and spleen culture quantified bacterial translocation. RESULTS: Met-RANTES treatment resulted in significant decreases in colonic damage as well as bacterial translocation in experimental colitis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chemokine receptor antagonists may potentially be useful in the treatment of IBDs.     

Gut bacterial translocation is associated with microinflammation in end‐stage renal disease patients

Aim: To investigate whether gut bacteria translocation occurs in end‐stage renal disease patients and contributes to microinflammation in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: nondialysed ESRD patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 10). Blood samples from all participants were subjected to bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA amplification and DNA pyrosequencing to determine the presence of bacteria, and the alteration of gut microbiomes were examined with the same methods. High‐sensitive C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 were detected. Plasma D‐lactate was tested for gut permeability. Results: Bacterial DNAs were detected in the blood of 20% (6/30) of the ESRD patients. All the observed genera in blood (Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Escherichia spp, Enterobacter spp, and Pseudomonas spp) were overgrown in the guts of the ESRD patients. Plasma D‐lactate, High‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, and interleukin‐6 levels were significantly higher in patients with bacterial DNA than those without. The control group showed the same results as that of patients without bacterial DNA. Conclusion: Bacterial translocation occurs in ESRD patients and is associated with microinflammation in end stage renal disease.     

失血性休克促进细胞移位的发生

目的 探讨失血性休克在细菌移位中的作用。方法 本组１００例患者分４组,对照组（Ｉ组）３４例;闭合性腹部钝伤致失血性休克组（Ⅱ组）２３例;闭合性腹部钝伤无失血性休克组（Ⅲ组）１５例;腹部内出血致失血性休克组（Ⅳ组）２８例;取患者手术前后的外周血、腹膜脏层拭子样品、术中门静脉血、回肠系膜淋巴结、肝活检组织进行需氧与厌氧培养。结果 细菌移位的发生率第Ｉ组为６％（２／３４）,第Ⅱ组６５％（１５／２３）。第     

天然蒙脱石防治烧伤后肠道细菌移位的实验研究

目的　探讨天然蒙脱石对烧伤大鼠肠道细菌移位的防治作用。　方法　SD大鼠54只,分为正常对照组6只、烧伤对照组与烧伤治疗组各24只。后两组大鼠预先喂服转染了质粒pUC19的示踪菌JM109,证实质粒已定植于其肠道后,制成30%TBSAⅢ度烫伤(以下称烧伤)模型。烧伤治疗组大鼠伤后立即喂服天然蒙脱石0. 6g d-1 kg-1,烧伤对照组大鼠不喂服药物。观察正常对照组大鼠以及烧伤对照组、烧伤治疗组大鼠伤后12h和1、3、5d血液、肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位情况,并行酶切鉴定;检测大鼠肠组织丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量;用病理学方法观察整段小肠的损伤情况,测量空肠黏膜绒毛高度并计算基底膜细胞核分裂相。　结果　血液细菌培养:伤后1、5d,烧伤对照组阳性鼠数多于正常对照组,烧伤治疗组阳性鼠数少于烧伤对照组(P<0 05).肠系膜淋巴结细菌定量:烧伤治疗组伤后1、5d为(38±16)、(68±20)集落形成单位(CFU) /g;烧伤对照组伤后1、5d为( 228±67 )、( 183±29 )CFU/g,明显高于前者(P<0. 01 ).MDA、SOD含量:烧伤治疗组与烧伤对照组伤后各时相点比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05).烧伤治疗组大鼠伤后各时相点空肠绒毛高度及基底膜细胞核分裂相明显高于或多于烧伤对照组(P<0. 05或0. 01)。　结论　天然蒙脱石对严重烧伤大鼠肠     

创伤及休克肠道细菌移位的研究

研究创伤失血性休克肠道细菌移位的发生率。设计兔创伤失血性休克试验模型，实验组３０只兔，腹部皮肤撕脱１００ｍｍ×９０ｍｍ，并行股动脉放血致休克，对照组１０只兔，腹部撕脱同实验组，不放血致休克。对照组术后１小时、３小时、５小时取标本均未发现肠道细菌移位，实验组术后１小时采标本已有肠道细菌移位，３小时、５小时组细菌移位达３０％。认为创伤失血性休克早期即有肠道细菌移位，并讨论了其临床意义     

头孢噻甲羧肟对烧伤后肠源性感染的预防作用

采用３０％ＴＢＳＡⅢ度烫伤大鼠模型，分不同时相（伤后３、６和１２ｈ）腹腔注射头孢噻甲羧肟，并通过血液、内脏和肠系膜淋巴结中细菌的定性和定量分析，评价头孢噻甲羧肟对预防烫伤大鼠绿脓杆菌肠源性感染的效果。结果表明，伤后３ｈ和６ｈ开始用药组，肠源性感染的发生率明显下降（分别为Ｐ＜０．００１和Ｐ＜０．０５），而伤后１２ｈ开始用药组则无明显降低（Ｐ＞０．０５），但其肝、肾组织中的菌量也明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时我们还动态观察了烫伤大鼠血液和内脏组织中药物的浓度，结果表明，用药后血、肝和小肠粘膜中能迅速达到有效药浓度，并维持４ｈ以上，但肠系膜淋巴结中未检测到药物。提示：大面积烧伤病人早期，短程使用有针对性的抗生素，对预防肠源性感染可能是有益的。     

头孢噻甲羧肟对烧伤后肠源性感染的预防作用

采用30%TBSA Ⅲ度烫伤大鼠模型,分不同时相(伤后3、6和12h)腹腔注射头孢噻甲羧肟,并通过血液、内脏和肠系膜淋巴结中细菌的定性和定量分析,评价头孢噻甲羧肟对预防烫伤大鼠绿脓杆菌肠源性感染的效果。结果表明,伤后3h 和6h 开始用药组,肠源性感染的发生率明显下降(分别为 P<0.001和 P<0.05),而伤后12h 开始用药组则无明显降低(P>0.05),但其肝、肾组织中的菌量也明显减少(P<0.01)。同时我们还动态观察了烫伤大鼠血液和内脏组织中药物的浓度,结果表明,用药后血、肝和小肠粘膜中能迅速达到有效药浓度,并维持4h 以上,但肠系膜淋巴结中未检测到药物。提示:大面积烧伤病人早期,短程使用有针对性的抗生素,对预防肠源性感染可能是有益的。     

78例肝硬化患者肠道细菌易位及其相关性研究

目的了解肝硬化患者肠道细菌易位（BT）的发生率及其相关危险因素,分析BT与术后感染的关系。方法对77例肝移植和1例未行肝移植的肝硬化患者进行术中采样,取外周血、门脉血及肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）,分别进行需氧及厌氧培养,了解BT的发生率。结合术前、术后各种临床资料分析发生BT的危险因素及BT的临床意义。结果78例肝硬化患者中BT的发生率为10．3％（8／78）;细菌易位的部位以MLN为主,占5／8,发生BT的细菌主要是肠道G-兼性厌氧杆菌（55．6％）,其次为G^＋兼性厌氧球菌（22．2％）。BT组患者术前胆红素总量显著高于无BT组（P=0．022）;发生BT的患者其术后感染的风险是无BT患者的1．3倍。结论高胆红素血症是促发BT的独立危险因素,发生BT的肝移植患者术后感染的风险明显升高。     

严重烧伤后肠粘液成分变化与肠源性感染的关系

为探讨烧伤后回肠粘膜的病理变化,肠粘液及其中ＩｇＡ成分的变化及这些变化与肠源性感染的关系,我们利用小鼠制作ＴＢｓＡ２５％Ⅲ度烧伤模型,分别于伤后０．５、１、６、１２、２４小时观察;①小肠末端的病理病变;②测定小肠粘液层厚度及粘液中蛋白、己糖、唾液酸的含量;③检测粘液ＩｇＡ血清ＩｇＡ及粘膜固有层中分泌ＩｇＡ浆细胞数;④各时相小肠系膜淋巴结的细菌培养。结果表明：伤后小肠出现病理改变,粘液成分有变化,粘液中ＩｇＡ含量持续下降且与肠源性感染发生关系密切。     

Effects of quercitrin on bacterial translocation in a rat model of experimental colitis

Background

This study aimed to analyze the effects of quercitrin, which has anti-inflammatory properties, on bacterial translocation in inflammatory bowel diseases by using an experimental colitis model.

胆道梗阻及再通术后感染及与肠道细菌易位的关系

目的探讨胆道梗阻及再通后感染与肠道细菌易位的关系。方法分别对５１例胆道梗阻患者及３７例胆囊结石患者采用偶氮显色法测定门静脉血浆内毒素含量,同时行胆汁细菌培养及肠道菌群测定。结果胆道梗阻组肠道菌量及门静脉血浆内毒素含量较胆囊结石组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;此外,胆汁细菌培养５１例胆道梗阻患者中有４０例有菌生长（７８．４％）,与胆囊结石组（３２．４％）相比差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论梗阻后胆道外引流及术后肠功能抑制均可诱发肠道细菌易位。胆道梗阻再通术后选用敏感抗生素行胆道冲洗,适当的胆道限流及促进胃肠蠕动,有助于维持胆道微生态环境的稳定,阻止肠源性内毒素入血,对防止肠道细菌易位,廓清术后胆道感染,改善预后具有非常重要的意义。     

实验性梗阻性黄疸肠道细菌易位及精氨酸治疗的研究

目的观察梗阻性黄疸（梗黄）大鼠肠道细菌易位状况及经胃肠道给予精氨酸对肠道细菌易位的影响。方法结扎Wistar大鼠胆管，制成梗黄模型，60只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、梗黄组和梗黄＋精氨酸治疗组，每组各20只，于术后21d观察并比较各组血浆内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）的含量及肝功能状况，并对肠系膜淋巴结、胰腺及肺组织行细菌培养，末端小肠做病理检查。结果梗黄组大鼠血浆内毒素、TNF-α、IL-6含量、总胆红素及谷丙转氨酶均明显升高，肠系膜淋巴结、胰及肺组织细菌培养阳性率明显升高，小肠黏膜损伤严重，而精氨酸治疗组以上血清学指标较梗黄组均显著下降，肠系膜淋巴结、胰及肺组织细菌培养阳性率明显降低，小肠黏膜病理损害程度明显减轻。结论梗黄后出现的高内毒素血症与肠道细菌易位关系密切。精氨酸治疗可减轻梗黄时肠道细菌易位，从而降低血浆内毒素水平及细胞因子的过表达。     

严重烧伤后肠粘液成分变化与肠源性感染的关系

为探讨烧伤后回肠粘膜的病理变化,肠粘液及其中 IgA 成分的变化及这些变化与肠源性感染的关系,我们利用小鼠制作 TBsA 25%Ⅲ度烧伤模型,分别于伤后0.5、1、6、12、24小时观察;①小肠末端的病理病变;②测定小肠粘液层厚度及粘液中蛋白、己糖、唾液酸的含量;③检测粘液 IgA 血清 IgA及粘膜固有层中分泌 IgA 浆细胞数;④各时相小肠系膜淋巴结的细菌培养。结果表明:伤后小肠出现病理改变。粘液成分有变化,粘液中 IgA 含量持续下降且与肠源性感染发生关系密切。     

The effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress in intestine and bacterial translocation after thermal injury

Ischemia due to transient splanchnic vasoconstriction following major burns causes oxidative and/or nitrosative damage in intestinal tissue followed by reperfusion injury. Thus, burn injury leads to breakdown in the intestinal mucosal barrier which can induce bacterial translocation (BT). As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are documented in several studies. This study was designed to determine the effect of NAC treatment on the oxidative stress in the intestine and BT after burn injury. To evaluate this, 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as sham (n = 8), burn (n = 8), pre-burn, NAC injection (150 mg kg⁻¹, intraperitoneally) 15 min before thermal injury (n = 8), post-burn, NAC injection (150 mg kg⁻¹, intraperitoneally) 2 h after thermal injury. Under anesthesia, the shaved dorsal skin of rats was exposed to boiling water for 12 s to induce burn injury in a standardized manner. Twenty-four hours later, tissue samples from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were obtained under sterile conditions for microbiological analysis and ileum samples were harvested for biochemical analysis. In the burn group, the incidence of isolating bacteria in MLN, spleen, and liver specimens was significantly higher than other groups. NAC treatment prevented burn-induced BT in both pre- and post-burn groups. Thermal injury caused a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) level, significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at post-burn 24th hour. Treatment of rats with NAC significantly elevated the reduced GSH levels while decreasing MDA levels and MPO activity. These data suggested that NAC has a crucial cytoprotective role in intestinal mucosal barrier and preventive effects against burn injury-induced BT.     

严重烫伤大鼠淋巴循环中三种重要炎症介质的变化

目的 了解淋巴途径在烫伤大鼠肠道细菌移位中的作用.方法 制备羰花青荧光染料CM-DIL标记的大肠埃希菌菌液(数量级109CFU/L).将60只成年雄性Wistar大鼠按照信封法随机分为烫伤组、假伤组,每组30只.2组大鼠经胃灌注已制备的标记菌液0.5 mL后,烫伤组致30%TBSA深Ⅱ度烫伤,伤后立即行液体复苏;假伤组大鼠皮肤经25℃水浴10 s模拟烫伤并同法复苏.采集2组大鼠伤后2、24、72 h(每时相点10只)的肠系膜淋巴结(MLN)、肝脏、肠系膜淋巴液(MLF)、肝静脉血标本.分别采用荧光示踪法和细菌培养法检测细菌移位情况;用鲎试剂显色基质法定量测定上述4种标本中内毒素含量,并计算MLF和肝静脉血的内毒素携带量.对实验数据行t检验或单因素方差分析.结果 (1)荧光示踪法检测显示活菌呈短棒状,液体标本中可见单体或两三个联体的可移动活菌;死菌呈不规则碎片状.假伤组伤后2 h有少量标记菌,24 h数量达高峰;烫伤组伤后2 h标记菌较多,24、72 h仍处于较高水平.烫伤组各种标本比较,MLN内标记菌最多,伤后24 h达高峰[(5872±1976)×103 CFU/g],明显多于假伤组[(216±110)×103 CFU/g,t=30.129,P=0.000],72 h有所减少但仍多于假伤组(t=4.323,P=0.000);血液内标记菌最少.(2)细菌培养法检测:假伤组120份标本中,29份细菌培养呈阳性占24.2%;烫伤组120份标本中,72份培养阳性占60.0%.2组大鼠除血液标本在各时相点均未检出活菌外,其余3种标本伤后2 h或24 h可培养出活菌.烫伤组MLN和肝脏较其余2种组织检出更多活菌;伤后24 h,该组MLN、肝脏以及MLF标本中细菌数量均明显多于假伤组(t值分别为4.353、4.354、4.965,P值均等于0.000).(3)内毒素含量:烫伤组大鼠伤后各时相点4种标本的内毒素含量均高于假伤组,其中肝脏、MLF内毒素含量伤后2 h即达高峰.此时相点烫伤组4种组织间内毒素含量比较,差异有统计学意义(F=258.47,P=0.000),其中肝脏、MLN、MLF内毒素含量较高,且明显高于假伤组(t值分别为43.378、43.123、22.423,P值均等于0.000);MLF内毒素含量约为血液中含量的9倍.(4)烫伤组伤后各时相点MLF、血液内毒素携带量均高于假伤组.结论 用CM-DIL标记细菌能够较全面反映细菌移位情况,淋巴途径在细菌移位中发挥重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of lymphatics in bacterial translocation from intestine of rats with burn. Methods Escherichia coli (E. coli) labeled with chloromethylbenzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-DIL) were prepared. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into scald group and sham injury group according to the envelope method, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in both groups were gavaged with 0. 5 mL fluid containing CM-DIL-labeled E. coli. Rats in scald group were inflicted with 30% TBSA deep partial-thickness scald (verified by pathological section) and resuscitated with fluid. Rats in sham injury group were sham injured by bathing in 25 ℃ water for 10 s(verified by pathological section)and also received with fluid infusion. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, mesenteric lymph fluid (MLF), and liver vein blood (LVB) were harvested at post injury hour (PIH) 2, 24, and 72. Bacteria translocation was detected with fluorescent tracing technique and bacteria culture. The endotoxin content in above-mentioned four kinds of specimens was quantitatively determined with chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate. The carrying capacity of endotoxin in MLF and LVB was calculated. Data were processed with t test or one-way analysis of variance. Results (1) Living bacteria were in short-stick form, and they were seen moving in single or in doubles or triples in sample fluid. Dead bacteria were in irregular aggregates. Labeled bacteria in small amount were detected in sham injury group, their number peaked at PIH 24. A large amount of labeled bacteria were detected in scald group at PIH 2, which peaked at PIH 24 and decreased at PIH 72. The largest amount of labeled bacteria were found in MLN in scald group as compared to those in the other samples, and the number peaked at PIH 24 [(5872 ± 1976) × 103 CFU/g], which was obviously higher than that [(216 ± 110) × 103 CFU/g, t =30. 129, P =0.000] in sham injury group. The number of bacteria decreased at PIH 72, but it was still significantly different from that in sham injury group ( t =4. 323, P =0.000). The number of bacteria in LVB was the smallest. (2) 29 (24.2%) samples out of the 120 samples in sham injury group were positive for bacteria. 72 (60.0%) samples out of the 120 samples in scald group were positive for bacteria. No alive bacterium was detected at any time point in LVB sample in both group; the other three samples were detected with alive bacteria since PIH 2. There were more alive bacteria detected in MLN and liver as compared with the other two kinds of samples in scald group. The amount of bacteria in MLN, liver, and MLF in scald group were higher than those in sham injury group(with t value respectively 4. 353, 4. 354, 4. 965, P values all equal to 0. 000). (3) The endotoxin level in each kind of sample at each time point was obviously higher in scald group than that in sham injury group, and it peaked at PIH 2 in liver and MLF. The difference of endotoxin level among 4 kinds of samples in scald group at PIH 2 was statistically significant(F = 258.47, P = 0. 000) , and the endotoxin level was higher in liver, MLN, and MLF. They were obviously higher than those in sham injury group(with t value respectively 43. 378, 43. 123, 22. 423, P values all equal to 0. 000). The endotoxin level in MLF was 9 times of that in LVB. (4) The carrying capacity of endotoxin in LVB and MLF at each time point in scald group was higher than that in sham injury group. Conclusions CM-DIL marked bacteria can reflect the microbial translocation condition. The lymphatic route is an important pathway for bacteria translocation.     

Probiotic fortified diet reduces bacterial colonization and translocation in a long-term neonatal rabbit model

Background

Probiotic fortified diet reduces bacterial colonization and translocation in a short-term neonatal rabbit model when continuously challenged with pathogen. The purpose of this study was to determine if live probiotic diet could remain effective at decreasing colonization/translocation of pathogens in a long-term neonatal rabbit model without ill effects of the probiotic outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Methods

Rabbit pups were born via cesarean delivery 1 day preterm and assigned to 2 diets: a newly formulated diet (controls) vs the same diet fortified with the live probiotic Lactoccocus lactis. Enterobacter cloacae was added to both preparations before each feed. Pups were gavage fed twice daily, and weights were recorded. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 7, and organs were harvested and cultured for target organism growth.

Results

The probiotic fortified diet resulted in a significant decrease in Enterobacter translocation to the liver and decreased colonization in the stomach and lungs. There was no evidence of Lactococccus translocation or colonization outside of the GI tract.

Conclusion

This probiotic fortified diet was effective at decreasing pathogenic bacteria colonization and translocation in a long-term neonatal model. The addition of L lactis to the diet resulted in appropriate growth without any colonization or translocation of the probiotic outside of the GI tract.     

谷氨酰胺二肽抑制小肠移植细菌易位的实验研究

目的观察甘氨酰谷氨酰胺(Gly-Gln)二肽对猪自体节段性小肠移植细菌易位的抑制作用。方法白色杂种猪10只行自体节段性小肠移植后随机分成2组:STPN 组(n=5),术后行标准全肠外营养 TPN 28天,GTPN 组(n=5)行与STPN 组等氮等热量强化 Gly-Gln(3%)的 TPN 28天。观察受体血浆 Gln 浓度及移植小肠粘膜 Gln 含量,移植小肠系膜淋巴结、肝、脾细菌数量和移植小肠对乙三胺五乙酸(~(99m)Tc-DTPA)的通透性。结果术后28天,GTPN 受体血浆 Gln 浓度和移植小肠粘膜 Gln 含量均高于 STPN 组,GTPN 组肠系膜淋巴结、肝、脾细菌数量(5.52±1.04,5.96±1.08,5.96±1.43LogCFU/g组织)明显低于 STPN 组(3.01±1.28,3.16±1.32,3.24±1.27Log CFU/g 组织),术后二组移植小肠通透性均增加,但GTPN 组明显高于 STPN(24.01±7.44%Vs7.77±3.04%,P<0.01)。结论 Gly-Gln 能提高受体血浆 Gln 浓度,维持移植小肠粘膜 Gln 含量,降低肠道通透性和细菌易位。     

静脉注射内毒素法制作大鼠肠道细菌易位模型

目的探讨静脉注射内毒素制作大鼠肠道细菌易位模型的方法。方法60只雄性SD大鼠(体重200～250g)随机分为4组(15只/组)。其中3组为实验组,按组别不同分别给予尾静脉注射内毒素2、4、6mg/kg;对照组给予尾静脉注射生理盐水0.5ml。观察各组大鼠的体温、呼吸频率、外周血白细胞计数及死亡率,7d后将各组大鼠分别开腹取门静脉血、下腔静脉血、肠系膜淋巴结、肝、脾和胰腺组织作细菌培养。结果注射内毒素后各组大鼠的体温、呼吸频率及外周血白细胞均有不同程度的升高。2mg/kg组大鼠无死亡,组织细菌培养阳性率为24.4%。4mg/kg组的死亡率为20.0%,细菌培养阳性率为47.2%,其中肠系膜淋巴结阳性率为83.3%。6mg/kg组的死亡率为46.7%,细菌培养阳性率为64.6%,其中肠系膜淋巴结阳性率为100.0%。结论4mg/kg剂量的内毒素静脉注射是制作大鼠肠道细菌易位模型的较为理想可行的方法。